DEGRÉMONT

183, avenue du 18 juin 194092508 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex FranceTel. +33 (0)1 46 25 60 00Fax. +33 (0)1 42 04 16 99marketing@degremont.comwww.degremont.com

SUSTAINABLE DESALINATIONFROM SALTWATER TO FRESHWATER

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Salt water: an alternative reSource

97% of the available water on Earth is salty.

42 of the 70 cities with more than one million inhabitants without direct access to additional freshwater resources, are located on the coast.

Nearly 40% of the world’s population suffers from a shortage of freshwater. By 2050, this number could reach 4 billion. Spain, Mexico, California and the Arab Peninsula have already opted for the desalination of brackish or sea water to meet their needs and support their economic development.

DeSalination: the anSwer to the riSing neeD for DomeStic anD inDuStrial water

Desalination consists in extracting the salt from salty or brackish water to make it suitable for drinking or usable by industry or for irrigation.In 10 years, production costs have been divided by a factor of 2 thanks to the efforts of the water treatment industry and the manufacturers of membranes and equipment (pumps, turbines, pressure exchangers).

the main techniqueS... - Distillation is the oldest technology used.

It combines evaporation with condensation to guarantee final salinity of less than 10 mg/L.

- The most recent technique, Reverse Osmosis, is a membrane-based separation process which enables more than 99.9% of the salts present

in the water to be captured.

REVERSE OSMOSISREVERSE OSMOSISDIRECT OSMOSISDIRECT OSMOSIS

Semi-permeablemenbrane

OSMOTIC EQUILIBRIUMOSMOTIC EQUILIBRIUM

OPOsmoticPressure RAW

WATERTREATEDWATER

PURIFICATION REVERSE OSMOSIS REFINING

• Algae, Plankton• Suspended solids, Colloids• Pathogens• Macro-molecules

• Small• Salts

• Minerals

Degrémont is recognised as the pioneer of desalination through reverse osmosis. Since the first installation on Houat island in France in 1969, Degrémont has developed and integrated complementary technologies to produce a sustainable solu-tion. Many references have consolidated its position as world leader in this field. To meet the domestic, industrial and agricultural water needs of its customers, Degrémont proposes a unique desalination offering:

a mastered solution:The Degrémont teams combine their know-how and creativity to build sustainable plants:- whose performance is tailored to a variety of needs,- with optimised investment and operating costs,- with mastered delivery times.

a tailor-made solution:For each project, the teams:- mobilise Degrémont’s desalination experts,- propose a specific combination of the Group’s proven and innovative products,- analyse the raw water quality, examine environmental

impacts and define the appropriate treatment line technology.

an industrialised solution:The Degrémont teams rely on

- proven Engineering-Procurement-Contracting and Operating processes,

- modern tools for design (3D), and for site management (scheduling, logistics),

- a worldwide network of recognised equipment suppliers.

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PrinciPle of reverSe oSm

oSiS

the Degrémont integra

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in

10 millioninhabitants served

2 millioncubic metres produced

500,000 m3/d of water produced by plants operated by Degrémont

250 references worldwide

the SuStainaBle DeSalination from Degrémont

SuStainaBle DeSalination:a maStereD water treatment Solution...

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growing

consumptionmanufacturing

Jan Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

thermal process

Supplement byreverse osmosis

Supplement byreverse osmosis

Treated water requirements

Example of a hybrid installation in the Middle East, where

Degrémont solution supplements the thermal water

production process

Brackish water

Seawater

Price index trend for desalination plants built by Degrémont

a flexible solution:

The Degrémont solution is suited to all contexts:

• Use in coastal areas to treat seawater, or inland to treat brackish water,

• Freshwater production automatically adjustable according to seasonal variations,

• Supply from various energy sources (steam, electricity, wind-power).

a scalable solution:

The Degrémont solution changes in line with the customer’s needs:

• Automatic regulation of freshwater production to meet demand,

• Increase in the production capacity of existing plants by adding equipment modules of various sizes,

• Thermal power plant energy consumption optimisation by the case of hybrid installations combining thermal desalination and reverse osmosis.

an ecological solution:

With the Degrémont solution, the Environment is protected:

• Energy needs can be met from renewable energy sources such as wind, tidal or solar power,

• Special design of the water intakes ensuring no impact on the aquatic environment,

• Treatment of washing water before discharge and diffusion of brine without disrupting the aquatic equilibrium.

an economical solution:

With the Degrémont solution, costs are controlled:

• Combination of standardised processes,• Greater yield from reverse osmosis units

and membrane longevity owing to the efficiency of the purification treatment,

• Reduced consumption of external energy through the use of recovery systems.

...for variouS aPPlicationS

As a designer of original processes and an integrator of the most advanced technologies, Degrémont develops tailor-made technological solutions for its customers. Thanks to the wide range of products available to them, the Group’s desalination experts are putting together the best technical combinations.

Two key objectives:• Ensure reliability of each treatment

step, in particular purification, which is the key to Reverse Osmosis desalination, as it determines the efficiency of the membrane systems.

• Optimise overall operation of the plant.

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Desalination Refining EcosystemPurification

Saltwater and Washing water Saltwater Seawater Brackish water

Find out more about the desalination technologies in the

water TREATmEnT HANDBOOk

Ultraviolet disinfection, Aquaray™

Reverse Osmosis rack

Filtration on media, Aquazur™

SuStainaBle DeSalination: the tailor-maDe integrator Solution

oPerationS [150Staff]

The 150 people dedicated to operation of the Degrémont solutions:

- can draw on 40 years experience of operation of desalination plants,- guarantee the longevity of the equipment under their responsibility,- guarantee controlled operating costs.

Our Design-Build-Operate (DBO) contracts have, over the years, benefited from the technological improvements developed by Research & Development department of the Group.

exPertiSe - DeSign [170 Staff]

The 170 people dedicated to assessment and design of Degrémont solutions:

- are committed to a technological optimisation approach aiming to enhance the reliability of the operations upstream of purification,

- are developing specific processes for treating the washing water before discharge,

- are developing solutions to improve the overall hydraulic efficiency.

Degrémont has developed methods and tools enabling it to define the treatment chain best suited to each type of water.

conStruction [200 Staff]

The 200 people dedicated to the construction of Degrémont solutions:

- build on the experience feedback from the operators as of the design phase,

- can be assigned to project teams combining the various skills required, for simplified customer relations,

- manage risks, control costs and deadlines.

Our Design-Build (DB) contracts always involve start-up plus training of the operating teams.

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the Degrémont guarantee:

• Dedicated resources• Optimum costs• Short delivery times

Backed by its desalination design, construction and operations experts, Degrémont mobilises its personnel skills for each project, to produce a solution compatible with the needs of its customers.

The commitment and motivation of its staff mean that Degrémont can rapidly supply its customers with efficient and reliable plants at optimum investment and operating cost, guaranteeing the quality of water required for consumption, manufacturing or agriculture.

SPecialiSeD teamS for inDuStrialiSeD SolutionS

la Solution De Proximité De Degrémont Pour la réutiliSation D’une eau SécuriSée

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As a major Environmental player, Degrémont offers its customers sustainable solutions. More than 250 plants built in 40 years, inclu-ding about ten currently in operation, are producing desalinated water in the four corners of the world. Whatever the customer’s problem, Degrémont can propose the right technical and eco-nomic solution, up to and including financing.

In 2005, in Curaçao in the Dutch Antilles, we delivered an 18,000 m3/d plant, while in 2009 the Barcelona plant in Spain will be producing 200,000 m3/d. In Fujaïrah in the United Arab Emirates, the plant is producing 170,500 m3/d of desalinated water, from an initial salt concentration of 40 g/L.

Depending on the quality of the raw water, Degrémont defines the most suitable and the most reliable purifica-tion line, to optimise the efficiency and longevity of the osmosis membranes.

In the Minera la Escondida (45,000 m3/d) plant in Chile, Aquadaf rapid flotation units supplement Mediazur filters, while in Palma de Mallorca (68,000 m3/d) in Spain, a battery of Mediazur filters alone proved to be adequate. In Wadi Ma’In (129,000 m3/d) in Jordan, Pulsatube clarification was chosen, followed by Aquazur V filtration.

In recent years, the Degrémont teams have been able to deliver plants in record time. For example, in Perth, Australia (140,000 m3/d) production started up only 18 months after engineering studies began.

Finally, Degrémont’s three integrated professional areas, Design, Building and Operation, mean that it can round off its offering with financing as part of a BOT (Build Operate Transfer) contract, such as that for Pemex (13,400 m3/d) in Mexico.

Curaçao, Antilles, 2006Drinking water from seawater

Minera Escondida, Chile, 2006Industrial water from seawater

Bahia de Palma, Spain, 1999Drinking water from seawater

Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, 2006Drinking water and irrigation from seawater

Barka, Oman, 2007Drinking water from seawater

Perth, Australia, 2007Drinking water from seawater

El Atabal, Spain, 2003Drinking water from brackish water

Wadi Ma’in, Jordan, 2006Drinking water from brackish water

SuStainaBle DeSalination:numerouS referenceS