Definitions of TourismDefinitions of Tourism

““Activity of people traveling away from their Activity of people traveling away from their home community to engage in one or more home community to engage in one or more of a variety of activities”of a variety of activities”

““Study of: man away from his usual habitat, Study of: man away from his usual habitat, the industry which responds to his needs, the industry which responds to his needs, and the impacts that both he and the and the impacts that both he and the industry have on the host socio-cultural, industry have on the host socio-cultural, economic, and physical environments.”economic, and physical environments.”

Dr. Jafar Jafari (Educator)Dr. Jafar Jafari (Educator)

More Definitions!More Definitions!““The activities of a person outside his or her The activities of a person outside his or her

usual environment for less than a specified usual environment for less than a specified period of time, and whose main purpose of period of time, and whose main purpose of travel is other than exercise of an activity travel is other than exercise of an activity remunerated from the place visited.remunerated from the place visited.

(World Trade Organization)(World Trade Organization)

““Study of man, or the ‘visitor,’ in the context of Study of man, or the ‘visitor,’ in the context of tourism which can call upon the disciplines of tourism which can call upon the disciplines of psychology, sociology, anthropology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, history, and others.”economics, history, and others.”

(Brent Ritchie, Educator)(Brent Ritchie, Educator)

Definition in Your BookDefinition in Your Book

The temporary movement of The temporary movement of people to destinations outside their people to destinations outside their normal places of work and normal places of work and residence, the activities residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their facilities created to cater to their needs.needs.

Tourism’s ScopeTourism’s Scope

International Travelers to U.S. $94 billionInternational Travelers to U.S. $94 billion American Travelers (outside) $82.0 billionAmerican Travelers (outside) $82.0 billion

= $12.0 billion surplus!!= $12.0 billion surplus!!

Directly employs 7.6 million people in U.S.Directly employs 7.6 million people in U.S. World’s largest industry?World’s largest industry?

In U.S. = 3In U.S. = 3rdrd (Auto & food stores) (Auto & food stores) 22ndnd only to health services in employment only to health services in employment

Texas TourismTexas Tourism

Travelers’ to = $29.2 billion annually!Travelers’ to = $29.2 billion annually! Over 450,000 tourism related jobsOver 450,000 tourism related jobs Generates over $1.7 million in taxesGenerates over $1.7 million in taxes Ranks 2Ranks 2ndnd nationally as a destination nationally as a destination

Cali, TX, FL, NY, IL, NVCali, TX, FL, NY, IL, NV # 2# 2 in domestic travel as well! in domestic travel as well!

Expenditure PatternsExpenditure Patterns

$$ .38 .38 TransportationTransportation

.26.26 FoodFood

.17.17 LodgingLodging

.10.10 EntertainmentEntertainment

.09.09 IncidentalsIncidentals

$1.00$1.00

Characteristics of Characteristics of Travel & TourismTravel & Tourism

MovementMovement Multi-purposeMulti-purpose Exchange of MoneyExchange of Money It’s local – It’s GlobalIt’s local – It’s Global It’s a massive growing industryIt’s a massive growing industry May be a compelling motive form someMay be a compelling motive form some May promote peace and understandingMay promote peace and understanding The industry is fragmentedThe industry is fragmented

Tourism is ComplexTourism is Complex

1.1. The tourist (business or pleasure?)The tourist (business or pleasure?)

2.2. The businesses providing goods/servicesThe businesses providing goods/services

3.3. The government of the host communityThe government of the host community

4.4. The host communityThe host community

Thus, one definition of tourism is the Thus, one definition of tourism is the interaction of these perspectives in interaction of these perspectives in attracting and hosting touristsattracting and hosting tourists

Supply vs. DemandSupply vs. Demand

Supply (accom., food, transport., etc.)

Demand (the Tourist’s desire)

When are we Tourists?When are we Tourists?

TimeTime 24 hours = accommodations24 hours = accommodations Day tripper or Excursionist?Day tripper or Excursionist?

DistanceDistance 50 miles? 100 miles?50 miles? 100 miles?

PurposePurpose Business or Pleasure?Business or Pleasure?

ONE Definition of a TouristONE Definition of a Tourist

““A tourist is one who travels away A tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at least from home for a distance of at least 50 miles (one way) for business, 50 miles (one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs, or any pleasure, personal affairs, or any other purpose except to commute other purpose except to commute to work, whether for an overnight to work, whether for an overnight stay or return the same day.”stay or return the same day.”

(Nat’l Tourism Resources Review (Nat’l Tourism Resources Review Commission)Commission)

Phases of TourismPhases of Tourism

1)1) Anticipation & PlanningAnticipation & Planning

2)2) Travel to the SiteTravel to the Site

3)3) The on-site ExperienceThe on-site Experience

4)4) Return TravelReturn Travel

5)5) RecollectionRecollection

Tourism’s Impact on Tourism’s Impact on CommunityCommunity

Energy Use (Water & Power)Energy Use (Water & Power) Urban RevitalizationUrban Revitalization Environmental QualityEnvironmental Quality Economic GrowthEconomic Growth Trade Deficits (cars for tourists)Trade Deficits (cars for tourists) Full EmploymentFull Employment Quality of LifeQuality of Life