Definition, History and Epidemiology: Main points Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder Gender...

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Definition, History and Epidemiology: Main points Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder Gender ratio Areas of difficulty: social cognition and social perception, executive dysfunction, and atypical perceptual and information processing Major subgroups at present Key symptoms surrounding social interaction, communication, repetitive behaviour and sensory difficulties Key milestones in the history of ASD Current classification and change from DSM -4 to DSM-5 Prevalence of ASD in the population Examples of risk and protective factors

Transcript of Definition, History and Epidemiology: Main points Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder Gender...

Page 1: Definition, History and Epidemiology: Main points Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder Gender ratio Areas of difficulty: social cognition and social.

Definition, History and Epidemiology:Main points

• Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder• Gender ratio• Areas of difficulty: social cognition and social perception, executive dysfunction,

and atypical perceptual and information processing• Major subgroups at present• Key symptoms surrounding social interaction, communication, repetitive behaviour

and sensory difficulties• Key milestones in the history of ASD• Current classification and change from DSM -4 to DSM-5• Prevalence of ASD in the population• Examples of risk and protective factors• Issues of comorbitity

Page 2: Definition, History and Epidemiology: Main points Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder Gender ratio Areas of difficulty: social cognition and social.

2. Genetics: Main points• Heritability and concordance rates• Evidence from twin studies• Overview on how genes may contribute to ASD• ‘Guided missiles’ versus ‘carpet bombs’• Chromosomal evidence• The role of mutations• Family inheritance• Serotonin and oxytocin• Neural development• Social behaviour• Exposure to testosterone

Page 3: Definition, History and Epidemiology: Main points Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder Gender ratio Areas of difficulty: social cognition and social.

3. Neurobiology: Main points• Structural abnormalities in the brain: Prefrontal cerebral cortex, hypothalamus,

amygdala, gyrus• Brain overgrowth• Role of genes• Connectivity• Gender and extreme brain theory

Page 4: Definition, History and Epidemiology: Main points Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder Gender ratio Areas of difficulty: social cognition and social.

4. Cognition and neuroscience:Main points

• Role of mentalising• Differences in social tasks• Executive dysfunction• Weak central coherence• Processing information• Mirror neurone functioning• Reduced functional connectivity

Page 5: Definition, History and Epidemiology: Main points Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder Gender ratio Areas of difficulty: social cognition and social.

Intervention: Main points• Range of resources available: Specific strategies, Triad of Impairment, Evidenced-

based strategies, 5 general strategies• Behavioural techniques• Comprehensive structured teaching• Targeted skill-based intervention• Targeted structured teaching

Page 6: Definition, History and Epidemiology: Main points Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder Gender ratio Areas of difficulty: social cognition and social.

Conclusion: Main points

• Minshew• Genetic influence• Neurobiology• Cognition and neuroscience• Immune dysregulation• Oxytocin and other social neuropeptides• Other biomarkers• Environmental factors