Define TerminologyDefine Terminology

Non-native Non-native

InvasiveInvasive

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Target versus Non-targetTarget versus Non-target

Target

Non-target

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The problem with non-native invasive The problem with non-native invasive species…species…

Sam Hamilton Invasive Species are “probably the Sam Hamilton Invasive Species are “probably the single greatest threat in our country to our native single greatest threat in our country to our native wildlife”. wildlife”.

Worldwide Cost = $1.4 trillion U.S. = $138 billion Worldwide Cost = $1.4 trillion U.S. = $138 billion (International Congress on Bioinvasions 2009)(International Congress on Bioinvasions 2009)

• EconomicEconomic

• EcologicalEcological

• Human healthHuman health

• CulturalCultural

Impacts: EconomicImpacts: EconomicEmerald Ash BorerEmerald Ash Borer

Killed millions of ash trees in 14 states and 1 Canadian Killed millions of ash trees in 14 states and 1 Canadian ProvenceProvence

Quarantines and fines to prevent potentially infested ash Quarantines and fines to prevent potentially infested ash trees, logs or hardwood firewood from moving out of areas trees, logs or hardwood firewood from moving out of areas where EAB occurs.where EAB occurs.

Cost municipalities, property owners, nursery operators and Cost municipalities, property owners, nursery operators and forest products industries tens of millions of dollars.forest products industries tens of millions of dollars.

Impacts: EconomicImpacts: EconomicQuagga and Zebra MusslesQuagga and Zebra Mussles

Clog water intakes and pipes Clog water intakes and pipes Damage pump Damage pump Decrease power productionDecrease power production Harm commercial fisheriesHarm commercial fisheries Damage boat engines Damage boat engines Increase watercraft maintenanceIncrease watercraft maintenance

Impacts: EcologicalImpacts: EcologicalKudzuKudzu

Crowds out native speciesCrowds out native species

Found on over 7 million acresFound on over 7 million acres

Impacts: EcologicalImpacts: EcologicalBrown Tree SnakeBrown Tree Snake

Species ExtinctionsSpecies Extinctions

Increased vulnerability of native Increased vulnerability of native vegetation to insect pests due to the vegetation to insect pests due to the loss of avian and reptilian insectivoresloss of avian and reptilian insectivores

Small Birds gone from GuamSmall Birds gone from Guam• Guam flycatcher (Guam flycatcher (Myiagra freycinetiMyiagra freycineti), ), • rufous fantail (rufous fantail (Rhipidura rufifrons uraniaeRhipidura rufifrons uraniae),),• bridled white-eye (bridled white-eye (Zosterops c. Zosterops c.

conspicillatusconspicillatus),),• Micronesian honeyeater (Micronesian honeyeater (Myzomela rubrata Myzomela rubrata

saffordisaffordi).).

Impacts: CulturalImpacts: CulturalHydrillaHydrilla

One fragment can lead to One fragment can lead to introductionintroduction

Shades out competitorsShades out competitors Millions of dollars are spent in Millions of dollars are spent in

Florida and California on control. Florida and California on control. Clogs water delivery canalsClogs water delivery canals

www.chbr.noaa.gov/default.aspx?category=stres...

Impacts: Human Health Lionfish and Cholera

Pathways and Vectors

Daily Flights, A Smaller World, Global PathwaysDaily Flights, A Smaller World, Global Pathways

Global Shipping TrafficGlobal Shipping Traffic

Slide showing shipping trafficSlide showing shipping traffic

Pathways of IntroductionPathways of IntroductionHow do they get here:How do they get here:

ShippingShipping

Captive and Cultured OrganismsCaptive and Cultured Organisms

RecreationRecreation

Intentional StockingIntentional Stocking RecreationalRecreational EnvironmentalEnvironmental Food (seafood)Food (seafood)

A single pathway may have many NIS vertebrates, A single pathway may have many NIS vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, microbes, and others…plants, invertebrates, microbes, and others…

Non-natural resource management pathwaysNon-natural resource management pathways

Pathways of Introduction/VECTORS Pathways of Introduction/VECTORS How they are spread once there are here:How they are spread once there are here:

MaintenanceMaintenance

ConstructionConstruction

Ken A. Langeland, University of Florida, www.forestryimages.org

Recreational Watercraft and TrailersRecreational Watercraft and Trailers

A single pathway may have many NIS vertebrates, A single pathway may have many NIS vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, microbes, and others…plants, invertebrates, microbes, and others…

Non-natural resource management pathwaysNon-natural resource management pathways

Natural Resource Management PathwaysNatural Resource Management Pathways

Pathways of Introduction/VECTORS Pathways of Introduction/VECTORS How they are spread once there are here:How they are spread once there are here:

Fire ManagementFire Management

Water MonitoringWater Monitoring

Habitat SurveysHabitat Surveys

Organism SurveysOrganism Surveys

RestorationRestoration

http://streamfix.com/about.phphttp://www.hcseg.org/x750.xml

A single pathway may have many NIS A single pathway may have many NIS vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, microbes, vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, microbes, and others…and others…

MaintenanceMaintenance

ConstructionConstruction

RecreationRecreation

Fire ManagementFire Management

Water MonitoringWater Monitoring

Habitat SurveysHabitat Surveys

Organism SurveysOrganism Surveys

RestorationRestoration

Pathways of Introduction/VECTORS Pathways of Introduction/VECTORS How they are spread once there are here:How they are spread once there are here:

Preventing the Spread of Invasive Preventing the Spread of Invasive SpeciesSpecies

““An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.”cure.”

Multiple Pathways require multiple Multiple Pathways require multiple solutionssolutions

Education and OutreachEducation and Outreach

Invasive Species Invasive Species National Laws and RegulationsNational Laws and Regulations

• Lacey ActLacey Act

• Non-indigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention Non-indigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Actand Control Act

• National Invasive Species ActNational Invasive Species Act

• Executive Order 13112Executive Order 13112

a)a) Each Federal agency whose actions may affect Each Federal agency whose actions may affect the status of invasive species shall, to the extent the status of invasive species shall, to the extent practicable and permitted by law…practicable and permitted by law…

(3) (3) not authorize, fund, or carry out actions not authorize, fund, or carry out actions that it believes are likely to cause or that it believes are likely to cause or promote the introduction or spread of promote the introduction or spread of invasive species in the United States or invasive species in the United States or elsewhereelsewhere unless, pursuant to guidelines that it unless, pursuant to guidelines that it has prescribed, the agency has determined and has prescribed, the agency has determined and made public its determination that the benefits of made public its determination that the benefits of such actions clearly outweigh the potential harm such actions clearly outweigh the potential harm caused by invasive species; and that all feasible caused by invasive species; and that all feasible and prudent measures to minimize risk of harm and prudent measures to minimize risk of harm will be taken in conjunction with the actions.will be taken in conjunction with the actions.

Executive Order 13112 of February 3, 1999 -- Invasive Species

Invasive Species Invasive Species State Laws and RegulationsState Laws and Regulations

• CA Code 2302CA Code 2302

Use Best Management PracticesUse Best Management Practices

• General BMP’sGeneral BMP’s

What can you do…What can you do…

Control MeauresControl MeauresMethods:Methods: ChemicalChemical DryingDrying FreezingFreezing Manual RemovalManual Removal WaterWater Heat TreatmentHeat Treatment Dedicated EquipmentDedicated Equipment Managing Field OperationsManaging Field Operations

Use Best Management PracticesUse Best Management Practices

• General BMP’sGeneral BMP’s

• HACCP HACCP

What can you do…What can you do…

HACCP and RiskHACCP and Risk

• Precautionary PrinciplePrecautionary Principle

• Risk Management vs. Risk Risk Management vs. Risk AssessmentAssessment

““But we already have basic But we already have basic decontamination procedures…”decontamination procedures…”

HACCP : HACCP :

Identifies risk of spreading invasive species and Identifies risk of spreading invasive species and implements controlsimplements controls

Targets control measures for “best” opportunityTargets control measures for “best” opportunity

Ensures prevention is successfulEnsures prevention is successful

Contingency plan if problem surfacesContingency plan if problem surfaces

Documentation processDocumentation process

Review ProcessReview Process