Defense Environmental Data Control

Environmental Monitoring

OFCM Strategy for Providing Atmospheric Information WorkshopDecember 3-5, 2001

Defense Environmental Data Control

Col Michael Jamilkowski,

Military Asst. for Environmental Monitoring

Office of the Asst Secretary of Defense

for Command, Control, Communications & Intelligence

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Defense Environmental Data Control

Environmental Monitoring

• Background/Basic Principles

• Age-Old Dilemma

• History/Evolution

• Law/Policy/Directives

• Since September 11, 2001...

• Summary and Way Ahead

OVERVIEW

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Defense Environmental Data Control

Environmental Monitoring

BACKGROUND/BASIC PRINCIPLES• Basic/Historical National Security Principles:

– During times of war or other contingencies, National Security intelligence information must be:

-- Denied - Protected - Controlled

– Intelligence Information control allows for:

-- Information Superiority & Battlefield Dominance

– Intelligence Information Includes Environmental Data

– US/Allied Warfighter’s must have Environmental Intelligence (data) to gain advantage over adversaries

• Spectrum of Data Control:Complete Denial Limited Denial Free Access

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Defense Environmental Data Control

Environmental Monitoring

• Secure Info. Vs. Warfighter Access– How secure to make Information before Warfighter:

– Access is effected?– Looses information advantage?– Utility is rendered ineffective?

• Solutions– More secure communications options– More secure bandwidth– State-of-the-Art communications timeliness– Encryption technology breakthroughs– Avoid over-classification of data/products

AGE-OLD MILITARY DILEMMA

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Defense Environmental Data Control

Environmental Monitoring

HISTORY/EVOLUTION• Historically, many examples of environmental data control and denial exist• Over the last 60 years some examples are:

– World War II D-Day Invasion, 1945

-- Allied Theatre-wide Weather Data & Forecasts tightly controlled

– Falklands War, 1981

-- Argentina denied Environmental Satellite Data– Persian Gulf War, 1991

-- Iraq denied all US/Allied environmental & some commercial regional data

– Operations Noble Eagle/Enduring Freedom, 2001

-- Normal control of US/Allied environmental & some regional commercial data

• Illustrates tendency towards regional/selective control/denial

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Defense Environmental Data Control

Environmental Monitoring

19801970 1990 2000 2010

ACCESS

Evolution of Access to DoD Polar-orbiting MetSat Data

EarlyDMSP

Shared

DMSP

3-Hour

DMSP72-Hour

DMSP

Open*

NPOESS

HISTORY/EVOLUTION

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Defense Environmental Data Control

Environmental Monitoring

LAW/POLICY/DIRECTIVES

• Public Law...

• DoD & NATO Procedures…

• DMSP Security Guide...

• PDD/NSTC-2, May 1994, NPOESS…

• DoD Space Policy, DoD Instructions...

• US Shutter Control Policy…

• Etc...

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Defense Environmental Data Control

Environmental Monitoring

SINCE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001...

• Since 9/11/01 the U.S. Government has been preparing for and engaging in a long-term "war on terrorism”

– May involve covert and counter-insurgent military operations in various parts of the world.

• Implication: Flexible "data denial" may be necessary – Accommodate periodic site-specific data denials– Associated with asymmetric war– Especially, w.r.t. International agreements

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Defense Environmental Data Control

Environmental Monitoring

SUMMARY & WAY AHEAD

• Data Denial for National Security purposes still necessary

– Perhaps more so since September 11th

• DoD will continue to maintain options for Data Denial

– While striving to ensure data access to US/Allied forces

• Long-Term US Environmental Data Control evolving to:

– Overall Greater Availability, esp. during peacetime

– Selective Denial for limited/regional contingencies