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/

77

Best Available Copy

MCDONNELL---

DATE 10 Decembcr 1963

REVISED

I

EVALUATION OF INCONEL 718, AlE

HAREENABLE NICEL -CHROKIUM

ALLOY

REPORT A250 SERIAL NO.

MCDONNEL L

This report was prepared under Contract NumberAF33(657)-11215 and BPSN: 63-6899-7381-738103.Additional information pertaining to any datacontained herein may be obtained from theDirectorate of Materials and Processes(ASRCEM-1), Aeronautical Systems Division,Air Force Systems Command, United StatesAir Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,Ohio, or McDonnell Aircraft Corporation,St. Louis, Missouri

°INDEX________NDEX (Ni-4)(I-e, i,k)(VI-a,e,hl,

o)

CODE

MWCDONNEiLL£COOembL.I1 PAGE 1DATE 6 Se'Iber 196 ST. LOUIS. MISSOUR REPORT A2.50REVISED LUAORA2MOR REPOREVISED

STRUCTRES LAB TORY FM1AL 1EPOR

EVALUATION OF INoWL 718j AGE3 RRDENABLE NIL-CmMIu ALLOY

ABSTRACT

Tests were conducted to investigate fabrication characteristics of.048 inch and .250 inch thick Inconel 718. Evaluations were made in thefollowing areas: Foruability (Brake Forming, Uniform Elongation in eightinches, and Guerin and Impact Rubber Forming, and Dimple Forming); ResistanceWelding, Fusion Butt Welding, and TIG Spot Welding.

Room temperature tensile tests revealed that the mechanical prop-erties were typical for the alloy.

Total elongation and uniform elongation tests indicated good form-ability characteristics of the alloy in the annealed condition. A minimumbend radius of .031 inch was attained when bending specimen perpendicularto the rolling direction; a .047 inch minimum bend radius was obtained whenspecimens were bent parallel to the rolling direction.

Guerin Rubber Forming and Impact Rubber Forming methods were usedto form .048 inch specimens on a stretch flange radius of 6.05 inches anda shrink f.lange radius of 9.95 inches. The specimens were formed around a.090 inch bend radius. Various flange lengths were formed to determine theamount of flange distortion that would result from each configuration. Bothforming methods resulted in formed parts with approximately production tol-erances.

Testing on all aged test specimens was ceased at the .conclusionof the post-weld aging cycle. Pickling the aged specimens in a nitric-hydro-fluoric acid solution resulted in intergranular attack which ruined thespecimens for further evaluation tests. A nitric acid-nitradd pickling sol-ution appears to produce an acceptable means of cleaning aged parts, andwill be incorporated in a future evaluation of the welding characteristicsof Inconel 718.

PREPARED BY tz APPROVED BY '~A- flyTest Engineer Sehtor Engineer, Materials and

Methods, Metallurgical Group

APPROVED BY ..... D , .Chi-ef, Structurei Laboratory laboratory Project Engineer

MAC 211V (REV I ALI(. 6I)

6 s 1962 MCDONNELLDAT E ST. LOUIS, MSSOU I RPORTA.

RVISED IADORMA~ff fIM RPRTA5

REVISED

Section

l. INTROTION *CHo o . a . . o . v . . . . . . . . . . 5

14. ROWTI0O T R TROTR TU ILE .ES . . . . . . . .. . . . o o . 5

4,1 Test Setu and Procedure ........ . 54.2 TestResults . . . . . . . . 64.3 cus uon oTest Results .. ............... 6

5. UNIFORM ELONGATION TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

5.1 Tent Setup and Procedure .... . . . .o a o o o 75.2 Test lesults.. .. .. .. . .. ... .. . ... .. ... *

5.3 of Test Results 7

6 o .M N T.T . . .........

6.1 Test Setup and Procedure . . . 9 . . . .

6.2 Test'Reoults6.3 I5(scusson of Test Results . ........ .. . . • . 8

7. iEALO(}APHIC MITI0N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

7.1 Test Setup and Procedure ....... . .. . . . . . 97.2 Test Results * . . . . . .. . . . . . . .7.3 Discussion of Test Results .... ..............

8. MI)M3 BEND RADIUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 12

8.1 Test Setup and Procedure. . 0 0 .. . . . .... . .. . 128.2 t'st Results - - - . - o . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 138.3 Discussion of Test R&sults . . . . . . . . . . . .o o. to * 13

9 cOn IoNs ..........................

APPENDIX

Squipment . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 14Referen es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

FACu e

s do .. . . . toot . . . . . . 22-4

.A. ?'1W [FlfV I A*UG' fill

IIAME 6 September 1962 MCDONNELLST. LOUIS, MISSOURI PAGE -

REVISED - 10RAMRY IMPOM REPORT- A50

REVISED

FINAL NEW l

1. ITRODUCTION

An investigation was conducted to determine the fabrication charac-teristics of Inconel 718, a nickel base alloy. The following tests, wereauthorized by TR 513-241.01:

(a) Weld patch test on .O48 inch sheet in both the annealed andaged conditions. The annealed plate was aged after welding.

(b) Room temprature and 1200F mebhlcal properties of anumlT10 welded .250 inch plate using Inconel 718, and tene'ifiller wires. Welding was performed on annealed stock whichwas aged after welding.

(c) Lap shear test on resistance spot welded .048 Inch Inconel 718sheet. Welding was conducted on material in the annealedcondition, and on material in the aged condition. The annealedIap shear specimens were aged after welding.

(d) Single spot tensile pull-out tests on .048 inch sheet specimanresistance welded in the annealed condition and aged afterwelding. Additional test veldments were fabricated for materialin the aged condition.

(e) Lap shear test on TIG spot-welded .0M inch Inconol 718 weldedin the annealed condition and aged after welding. Additionaltest weldments were fabricated for material in the osed condition.

(f) Single spot tensile pull-out tests on .048 inch sheet specimensTIG welded in the annealed condition tnd aged after welding.Additional test weldments were fabricated for material in theaged condition.

(g) Room temperature mechanical properties of putomatic TIG welded.048 inch sheet using Rene'41 filler wire. The head travelwas 4 in/min. and the chill fingers were maintained at .8 inchesaway from the weld bead. The test was repeated with the headtravel maintained at 15 in/min with the chill fingers located.25 inches from the weld bead. Both weldments were aged afterbeing welded.

(h) Minimum bend radius determination of .048 inch material onlongitudinal and transverse specimens in both the annealed andin the aged conditions.

(I) Room temperature, longitudinal and transverse uniform elong-ation properties of .048 inch specimens.

1 3

11, (A[V A,( 51

MCDONNELLDATE T S . -oL :, MISSOURI REPO T A50i

REVISED LADUB RXPWT

REVISED

1. Tl'T0 MMolN (cont'd.)

(J) Dimpling characteristics of aged .048 inch material.

(k) Rubber forming characteristics of annealed .048 inch speci-mens using the Guerin trapped rubber method in a hydxaulicpress, and impact forming using a drop hammer.

Inconel 718 is a relatively new nickel base super alloy. It report-edly differs from the more familiar Inconel X in that It exhibits a sluggishresponse to age hardening, which permits annealing and welding without thedanger of cracking caused by spontaneous hardening during heating and cooling,International Nickel reports that Inconel 718 displays good ductility tn the1200-14" temperature range with mechanical properties approximately 20 per-cent greater than Inconel X up to 13007.

Testing was conducted by the aterials and Methods Group of theStructures laboratory during the perio4 1 January 1962 through 7 July 1962.

2. DWRIRPTION OF TEST ARTICLE

One .048 inch thick sheet and one .250 inch thick sheet of Inconel718 alloy were used to conduct this investigation. All test material wassupplied by the Huntington Alloy Products, Division of the InternationalNickel Oompany. The vendor certifies the alloy composition of each sheetas fonlows:

Sheet 1 - Heat No. Y8608 - .048" x 36" x 72"

Sheet 2 - Hest No. HT4960E - .250" x 24" x 241"

Chemical Analyoets

% 1g WeightSheet 1 Sheet 2

c .o-5 .64Mn .28 .23Fe 16.5 8 18.00S .007 .007Si .29 .30Cu .05 .05Ni 54.99 52.71C, 18.49 19.08Al .46 .35T1 .95 .79Me 2.87 3.01Cb + Ta 4.96 5.341

MAC W11U (,tV I AU. 11)

MCDONNELLDATE 6 September 19&? ST. LOUIS, MIsSOuRI PAGE _R v .s~o ____I____________REOR

REVI~~rD LABORATOY REP= EPRRA5REVISED

2. DS P'.I=T1ON 0? TEST ARTICLE (cont'd.)

The number of specimens required to satisfy the testing requirementsvere laid out on the respective sheets of stock material. The individual.048 inch thick specimen test blanks were sheared from the sheet stock usinga production type Cincinnati shear, having a .0005 clearance gap between theshear blade and shear table. 7he .-250 inch thick specimen blanks Vere re-moved from the sheet stock by saving on a Do-All. The shearing operationpresented no problem as the edges of the specimen blanks cut cleanly. Saw-ing the .250 inch thick material was time consuming.

Automatic TIG fusion butt welding was accomplished on .048 inchthick material using .035 inch diameter Rene'4. filler wire. Manual TIGfusion butt velding was accomplished on .250 inch thick material using both.090 inch diameter Rene'41 and .090 inch diameter Inconel 718 filler wires.

3. HEAT TREAT SCHEDULE

Testing was to be accomplished on material in both the as-receivedannealed condition and the as-received plus aged condition. A single agingcycle was accomplished on all test material that required aging in the follow-Ing manner:

(a) Heat in an air atmosphere furnace to 1325r.

(b) Hold at 1325- for eight hours.

(c) Furnace cool to 1150F at a rate of 20F per hour.

(d) Air cool to room temperature.

Prior to heat treatment, all material was protective coated in accord-ance with MAC P.S. 13155. After aging, the test material was cleaned bypickling in the same manner as specified in P.S. 12050 for unaged Inconel X.

4. R"C T!24PHATURE TENSILE TEST

4.1 Test Setup and Procedure

Three .048 inch thick tensile specimens were fabricated with therolling direction transverse to the specimen length. The specimens wereaged with the material described in section 3, page 5 , and were then test-ed to determine the heat treat response of the material.

The tensile specimen'o dimensions conformed to Type F-2 per MAC

* Dwv. T-052306, The edges of each tensila specimen were polished in the gage

"A( 211U (NEW I AUG, 11

MfCDONNELLPAGE 6

DATE ate te ber 162 ST. Louis, IssouR I P ORTREPORT A25O ... .

REVISED LABOROBY REPIMREVISED

FZRAL P

4.1 Test Setup and Procedure (cont'd.)

length area to remove any machining imperfections that could affect textresults. Rockwell "C "scale hardness values were obtained for each speci-men prior to conducting the tensile tests.

Testing was conducted In a Tatuall Test achine. The specimenstrain rate was controlled at .012 inc/inch/minute until the yield pointhad been reached; the strain rate was then maintained at .030 inch/inch/minute until the specimen failed. Values for ultimate tensile strength,0.2% offset tensile yield strength, and percent elongation in two Incheswere recorded for each specimen.

4.2 Test Results

The room temperature mecan.cal properties of the heat treat responsespecimens are listed below:

Specimen Hardness Ftfu Percent ilwtton

c I-) i)In.

1 47 173 201.5 20.52 47.5 172 201 213 47 172.5 201.5 21

Figure 1, page 221s a typical stress-strain curve plotted for theheat treat response specimens.

Figure 2, page 23, illustrates the location of failure in each of

the control specimens.

4.3 Discussion of Test Results

M18-164 specifies the following mechanical properties for agedInconel 718, one-inch thick or less:

Ultimate Tensile Strength - 180 ksi minimumYield Strength at 0.2% offset - 145 ksiElongation in 2 inches - 12%

The mechanical properties of the control specimens exceed therequirements specified in MM-164, and all material was deemed acceptablefor further evaluation tests.

MA( ?11Ui (,[V AW . 1I

MCDONNELLOATE 6 .PeMb1 1 sr. LOUIS. MISSOURI PAGE OT AREPC RT A5

REVISED LABORATOY REPORT

REVISED

5. UNIFoR ELONATION TESTS

5.1 Test Seup and Procedure

Testing was conducted to determine the total elongation and theuniform elongation of annealed .048 Inch thick Inconel T18. Three long.itudinal and three transverse specimens were tested at 787. The uniformelongation test specimen dimensions are listed in Figure 30 page 2.

The edges of each specimen were thoroughly polished with 2/0 gritabrasive paper in the reduced section to minimise any notch effects thatsurface irregularities would create during testing. Prior to testing, agrid consisting of .1 inch squares was photographically applied to eachspecimen. Width and thickness measurements at one inch increments wer re-corded for each specimen in the gage length before testing.

Testing was conducted in a Tatnall testing machine using the 75,000pound range, and a head travel rate of 6 in/minute,

After the specimens had been tested, thickness and width measure-ments were recorded at the positions that were measured prior to testing.Elongation measurements were made in one-inch increments along the specimengage length to determine the total specimen elongation. The elongationmeasurements, in one-inch increments, ipproximately 6q~tvalent, tc oneanother were averaged to determine the uniform elongation In each speci-men. In addition, width and thickness measurements were recorded for thefractured surface of each specimen after testing. The failing stress ofeach specimen was also determined.

5.2 Test Results

Table 1, page 15, lists the test data obtained for the transverseroom temperature uniform elongation specimens. Data for the longitudinalspecimens are listed in Table 2, page 16.

5.3 Discussion of Test Results

Total elongation and uniform elongation test values Indicate thatInconel 718 has good formability characteristics In the annealed condition.Transverse uniform elongation and total elongation values were slightlyhigher (approximately 3%) than comparable longitudinal properties.

6. RUBBER FO iG] TEST

6.1 Test Setu and Procedure,

Tests were conducted to determine the effect of Guerin trapped rubberand impact rubber forming methods on stretch and shrink flanges of ,048 inchthick Ineonel 718 in the annealed condition.

M4CDONNELLOATE 6 September 1962 s. .OuNs, L PAGE 8

REPORT A250REVISED

IA1ORATIR REPORTREVISED

FrlIA RPORT6.1 Test WU E a Procedure (cont'd)

Guerin trapped rubber forming tests were conducted in a 7000 tonhydraulic press exerting a pressure of approximately 11,000 psi on the testparts. Impact forming tests utilized a Cecostamp drop hmmer operating atmaximum striking pressure. An 18 inch diameter trapped rubber pad was usedduring drop hamer forming, and a 28 in. x 45 In. trapped rubber pad was in-corporated during hydroforming to develop and distribute the forming pressureevenly across the surface of the test parts. Specification of the rubberpads used throughout the test program are:

Guerin Forming - 65 - 70 durometer silicone28 in x 45 in x 5 in thick.

Impact Forming - 65 - 70 durometer silicone18 inch diameter x W' inches thich.

Test parts were formed with flaaW dova over a Kirksite, form block.No provision was incorporated in the form block to compensate for specimenspring-back. The form block had a 6.05 inch stretch flange radius and a9.95 inch shrink flange radius. The form block incorporated bend radii of.090 inches for forming the .048 inch material. Two 3/16 inch diameter tool-ing pins were used for part location on the form block. The test parts werefabricated with flanges of different lengths to determine the degree of de-formation peculiar to each configuration.

All edges of the test blanks were deburred and the stretch flangeedge of all specimens we polished prior to forming. A grid patternp compos-ed of squarem .1 inch on a side, was photographically applied to one side ofeach specimen for visually detecting material flow after forming. All bendswere ua'e parallel to the final rolling direction of the material.

6.2 Test Results

The sequence of forming operations is listed in Table 3, pages 1, 18and 19,~

The dimensions of all acceptable test parts after the rubber form-ing operations are listed in Table i4, page 20.. Figures 4 through 7, pages 25through 28, illustrate the configuration of the test parts after the rubberforming operations.

6'3 Discussion of Test Results

Hydroforming annealed Inconel 718 In a 7000 ton hydropress usinghard lead overlays and soft lead strips, resulted in formed parts with approx-imate production tolerances. A minimum amount of restriking and hand workingwould be necessary to smooth out any deformities to produce -parts to productiontolerance.

MRCDONNELLOATE 6 September 19162 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI PAGE 9

REPORT 2 5

REVISED LAORA!OHY REPORTRP

REVISED

FINAL REPORT

6.3 Discussion of Test Results (cont'd.)

Impact forming characteristics of annealed Inconel 718 are quitesimilar to those exhibited by the alloy during hydroforming operations.The hard lead overlay used during impact forming split along both flangesat the radii and did not allow for forming the test parts to the exactconfiguration of the form block at the radii. Additional improvement inthe final configuration and tolerance of the test parts is anticipated ifthe hard lead overlay used during impact rubber forming were replaced bysoft "commercial y pure" lead overlays.

This investigation into the rubber forming characteristics of .048inch thick annealed Inconel 718 indicates the alloy to be readily formableusing standard production rubber forming methods.

7. METALLOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

7.1 Test SktuR and Procedure

A metallographic examination was conducted on fusion weldments andresistance weldments which were welded as annealed and aged afterwards, andon specimens which were welded In the aged condition. Figures 8 and 9, pages29 and 30 illustrate Intergranular attack of the base metal-and weld areaswhen the aged fusion and resistance weldments were observed at 250X.

Testing on all aged Inconel X was ceased and an investigation wasinitiated to determine the cause of the observed intergranular attack.Figure 10, page 31, illustrates .048 inch thick Inconel 718 in the followingconditions:

(a) as-received mill annealedb) aged only per section 3c) aged per section 3 and pickled per P.S. 12050 for unaged

Inconel X.

The lower photomicrograph indicates that intergranular attack of the agedInconel 718 material resulted from the past-aging pickling operation.

The effects of pickling aged Inconel 718 per P.S. 12050 versustime were determined using production facilities. Samples of aged Inconel718 -Jere pickled in fifteen minute increments until a total time of two hourshad elapsed. The specimens were polished and etched and were examined at250X for corrosion.

MAI %1 t,, r

MCDONNELLDATE A __eptem er 1 -6 ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI PAGE 10

REPORT. A250IEVESO T"0RATORY REPORT

REVISEo

FINA REPOMt7.1 Test Setup and Procedure (cont'd.)

The pickling procedure specified by P.S, 12050 was repeated on agedInconel 718 specimens using scaled-down laboratory facilities. The nitric-hbdrofluoric pickling solution was prepared fresh and the total elapsed picklingtime was reduced to ninety minutes using fifteen minute increments.

The investigation was continued to determine the effects of picklingon annealed Inconel 718 using the nitric-hydrofluoric pickling solution. As-received material was re-annealed at 1750F for 15 minutes. Specimens werequenched from the annealing temperatmr6using still air and tap water. Speci-mens representing both cooling media were pickled using the nitri-hdrofluoricsolution for periods of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes. Metallographicprocedures were used to compare the extent of intergranular attack versus theapplied quenching method.

The following pickling procedure is listed in Technical Bulletin T-21published by The International Nickel Ooapany, Incorporated for pickling highnickel alloys:

Step IFormula No. 7

Water 250ccSodium Hydroxide 66.6 gme.Potassium Permanganate 16.75 gs.Temperature 212FTime 2 hoursContainer Steel Tank

Step 2

Formula No. 10

Water 250ccNitric Acid (42°Be') 74ccHydrofluoric Acid (30*Be') 12.5wTemperature 125FTime 15 min. 50 min, 60 min.Container POlyethylene beaker

Aged specimens of Inconel 718 were pickled for 15 minutes, 30 minutesand 60 minutes, using the procedure outlined above. The pickled specimenswere examined for intergranular attack using metallographic methods.

Representative specimens of aged Inconel 718 were metallographicallyexamined for intergranular attack after undergoing the following picklingcycle:

?1( 11, (IWEV 1 11". All

M#CDONNELLVlATE 6 September 1 2 M Couis, SU PAGE 11REPORT A250

E VISZo L*ORATORY REPORTREVISED

FINAL REPORT

7.2 Test Results

Step 1

Turco Alkaline Rust Rewover 2 lbs/gallonTemperature 2007Time 20 rin.Container Pyrex beaker

Step 2

Turco 4338 2 lbs/gallonTemperature 200FTime 60 min.Container Pyrex beaker

Step 3

Water 53ccNitric Acid (42Be") 4 0ccNitradd (Turco 4104) 7ccTemperature 78FTime 15 min, 30 min, 60 min.Container Polyethylene beaker

The effects of the various pickling methods and pickling times werecompared, using photomicrographs taken at 250X to determine if an effectivemethod for preventing intergranular attack in Inconel 718 had been found.All metallographic specimens were etched electrolytically, using a hydro-chloric acid - 3% hydrogen peroxide electrolyte.

The photomicrographs in Figures 11 and 12, on pages 32and 31illustrate the effects of pickling aged Inconel 718 using 1rodvtctionfacilities per P.S. 12050 (HN0 -HF). Figures 13 and 1 4, pages 34 and 35,illustrate the effects of pickling aged Inconel 718 per P.S. 12050 (HN03-HrF)using laboratory facilities. The photomicrographs in Figure 15, page 34,indicates the Intergranular attack when Inconel 718 was pickled per P.S. 12050(HN O-HF) after being re-annealed and air quenched. Figure 16, page 37, In-dicates intergranular attack when Inconel 718 was pickled per P.S. 12050(HNOi-HF) after being re-annealdd and water quenched. Figure 17, page 38illustrates the effect of ickling aged Inconel 718 using te brocess out-lined by The International Nickel Company. The results of pickling agedInconel 718 using the three step procedure outlined above are presentedin Figure 18, page 59.

7. Discussion of Test Results

The nitric acid-nitradd pickling solution appears to acceptablypickle aged Inconel 718 with little evidence of intergranular attack after

30 minutes. AU of tho other pickling solutions vhich were Investigated

resulted in noticeable intergranular attack in aged. Inconel 718 after 15minutes pickling duration

MICDONNELL 1

DATE 6 Seltemober1,962 se ."OuS, MISSOUI PAGE 12ST. MISSREPORT -A250

RFVISEC LA3ORMATO REPORI?

REVISED RE

7.3 Discussion of Test Results(cont'd.)

Intergranular attack was prevalent In the annealed Inconel 718 speci-mens which were pickled per P.S. 12050 using a nitric-hydrofluoric acid solution.

It is suggested that additional pickling evaluation tests be conduct-ed using the nitric scid-nitradd pickling solution on aged Inconel 718 to con-firm the results of this investigation due to the limited number of specimenswhich were examined. In addition, tests using the nitric acid-nitradd picklingsolution on annealed Inconel 718 should be investigated, since no tests wereconducted for this combination during this investigation.

The intergranular attack of the aged tested specimens which resultedfrom pickling per P.S. 12050 necessitatm rerunning the following portions ofthis TR:

(a) weld patch testb) manual TIG fusion welding of .250 Inch thick plate.c) resistance spot welded lap shear testd) resistance spot welded cross tension teste) TIG spot welded lap shear testf) TIG spot welded cross tension test.g) bend radius test on aged material.h) dimple forming test.i) mechanical properties of automatic TbG welded .048 inch

sheet varying the welding head travel and chill spacing.

Test results of the aged test specimens will be reported for anaddendum test request after an acceptable post-aging pickling procedure isestablished.

8. MINIMUM BFND RADIUS

8.1 Test Setup and Procedure

Tests were conducted to determine the minimum bend radius for .048inch thick Inconel 718 in the annealed condition.

Twelve test specimens measuring 1.0 in x 2.5 in. were sheared withthe final rolling direction parallel to the 1.0 inch aide and twelve werefabricated with the grain direction perpendicular to the 1.0 inch aide. Theeffects of shearing were removed from the 2.5 inch side by sanding with 80grit abrasive paper on a wet belt sander.

The vertical brake used for this test has a 3 inch stroke andoperates at 30 strokes per minute. Figur .19, page O, illustrates the bendradius test tool that was used to form the bends. The specimens were bent

with the bend axis parallel to the 2.5 inch side. The die throat opening of

MA( J1P V11 A. 4Uo 14

CDONNENBLLDATE Pettffib ,( t ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI PAGE 13

REPORT A250REvIsEo IABORATORY REPORTREVISED

FIAL REPORT8.1 Test Setup and Procedure (cont'd.)

the test tool was adjusted to be equal to twice the radius of the mandrelplus two and one-half times the test specimen thickness. The radios ofthe male die was progressively increased until three specimens could be bentthrough 130* without evidence of failure in the bend area. After each speci-men was bent, it was measured to determine the amount of spring-back in degreesthat had occurred. The minimum bend radius was determined to be the measuredinside radius, after spring-back, of those specimens which were acceptablybent around the smallest radius bend mandrel.

During the bending operation, individual specimens were examined fordefects with a lOx magnifier. Penetrant inspection methods were used to veri-fy the visual inspection of the bend specimens.

8.2 Test 1esults

Table 5, page 21, lists the bend radius test results for the annealedInconel 718 material.

8.3 Discussion of Test Results

Bending specimens around a.031 inch radius mandrel with the finalrolling direction perpendicular to the bend axis resulted in a measured mini-mum inside bend radius of 1/32 inch. A 3/64 inch measured minimum inside bendradius resulted from bending the specimens around a .047 inch radius mandrelwith the final direction of rolling parallel to the bend axis.

9. CONCLUSIONS

Room temperature tensile tests indicate that the Inconel 718 usedin this investigation possessed mechanical properties that are typical forthe alloy.

Uniform elongation and minimum bend radius test results indicatethat annealed Inconel 718 should have good formability characteristics. Theease with which annealed Inconel 718 was formed using both the Guerin trappedrubber, and the impact rubber forming methods further attests to the goodformability characteristics of the alloy.

Intergranular attack was present in both annealed and aged Inconel718 material that was pickled per P.S. 12050 using a nitric-hydrofluoricacid pickling solution. A nitric acid-nitradd pickling solution appears toacceptably pickle both annealed and aged Inconel 718 with little evidence ofintergranular attack after 30 minutes. Additional testing on welded Inconel718 will be conducted. in a later phase of testing using the nitric acid-

nitradd solution for pickling purposes. Dimple forming characteristics ofof the alloy will aso be investigated.

CSeptember 1962 CDONNELL PAGE 1O S t e ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI A 14REPORT A250

REVISED LAE0 'OY REPORT

REVISED -

FINA REPORTLIST OF EQUI ENT AND I1UtKEMTS

Equipment and instruments used in this test are listed below. Applic-able calibtation records are available for inspection.

Item Manufacturer and Model Number Serial or Laboratory Number

Universal Tensile Tatnall 150,000 lb MAC 35627Test Machine S/N U-112-hR

Niagra Press Brake Niagra Machine and Tool Co. USN 890097

Model 150-6-8

Metallogr,%ph Bausch and Lomb Optical USN912444Serial No. JE04

Drop Hammer Chambersburg USN 701591Ceco Stamp

Hydropress Hydraulic Press Mfg. Co. USN 804168

7000 ton capacity Mt. Gilead, Ohio

Bend Radius Test Tool Mfg. at MAC T-041122

Hardness Tester Clark Instrument Inc. USN 92833Model CW6A

REFERENCES

1. MAC P.S. 12050 Pickling

2. MAC laboratory Engr. Dwg. T-052306 Specimens - Mechanical Properties

3. mmS-164 Nickel Alloy,heet Strip, and Plate(Inconel 718)

4. Technical Bulletin Pickling High Nickel AlloysT-21 Huntington Alloy Products Div.

International Nickel Company, Inc.

5. MAC P.S. 13155 Protective Coating for Steel andTitanium during heat treatment.

6. Certificate of Chemical Analysis Huntington Alloy Products Div.

(Inco Order 579c 6861) The International Nickel Co. Inc.

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A LOCA7-10"~-Oc A/c'c ~~ ~O/~ WizcrylMAC iIMU (REV 25 AUG 61)

PAGE J->

~fCDONNELLREPORTIA5ST. LOUIS, mISSOURI

1,0: 3o& A o o 6, 7 8c 0,

S.828 .801 .83a .844 848 .848 6/~0S.0486 *'8 o,4*44~8 08

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ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

L/N,~oA-l L OGTQ,/ 7%

1 Sr~~~r/ON- /V A4VRI I

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ST. LOUIS, MISSOUF1I REPOR A250

7-FNAL REPORT

S/.5 /58 '.8 /42 3Ph'C/"A1 NO. (Jff.1

--70oo6 42.5 408 o 00 C76 /.008 I (ps"C Pogrg

___2_ .827 .860 arc6 .85 .850o ce_--RL70o

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/_00_ 40__0 1.000 /'000 /1000 0001-00

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01'9/ .O48'r .0491 .0491 .04292 "0490.0409 o0411 .0417 . 041'6 .04/9 1 c4z/ j ___

( IA-rCW/7Y/A''L7'vA A/SAlA 5 - /vIV

MCDONNELLOATE ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI PAGE 17

REPORT A250

REVISED

FINAL REPORTTAME 3

FORKNG SEQUMIE

KA'M : INCOKE 718

biHt TfficawB~: o48 INCH

Sp eratin Remarks

7000 Ton Iydropress 1.40 stretch flange.86 shrink flange

(1) Three wrinkles (approx. 2 inchequidistant) in shrink flange,diagonal buckel in stretchflange ends.

2 7000 ton Hydropress 1.40 stretch flange*1/2 inch hard lead .86 shrink flange

overlay with 3 soft lead(l) One slight wrinkle in shrink

straps flange, slight web warpege.

3 7000 ton Hydropress 1.40 stretch flange*1/4 inch hard lead over- .86 shrink flange

lay with 3 soft lead straps(l) Very slight wrinkles in webat shrink flange ends# slightweb varpage.

4 7000 ton Flropress 1.40 stretch flange*1/2 inch hard lead over- .86 shrink flangelay with 5 soft lead straps (i)No wrinkles in either flange,

slight web warpage

Al 7000 ton Hydropresa 1.60 stretch flange*1/2 inch hard lead over- 1.06 shrink flange

lay with 3 soft lead strips (1) Part shifted toward the shrinkflange causing distortionaround the tooling holes

(2)Slight wrinkles 1 inch longin web at both ends of shrinkflange, slight wrinkling atcenter of shrink flange,some web warpage.

A2 7000 ton Hydropress 1.60 stretch flange

same as Al except lead 1.06 shrink flangestrips placed at (I)Wrinkles are smllerwrinkled areas in Al (2)Lead strip curled under stretch

flange at middle and bent it

slightly.(5)Slight wrinkles in web 1/2

inch long at ends of shrinkflange.

_______________ I _____________ _______________________________________________________

__________ M~CDONNtELLDATE ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI PAGE 18REVISED ________R___ REPORT A2 50

REVISED

VIMA REPORTAMLE 3 (cont'd.)

ec. n. Operation Remarks

A3 7000 ton Hydropress 1.60 stretch flangeSame as Al except 1.06 shrink flangelead strips cut shorter (1) Stretch flange not completel,

formed and bent out slightlyin center of bottom edge.

(2) Sfall wrinkles remain atends of shrink flange.

(3) Slight web vrpage

B1 Impact rubber formed 1.40 stretch flange*1/2 inch hard lead .860 shrink flangeoverlay (1) Slight web varpage

(2) Slight wrinkling of shrinkflange, slight wrinklingat ends of stretch flange.

B2 Impact rubber formed 1.40 stretch flangesame as B1 .860 shrink flange

1) Slight web werpageRestrike 2 times without 2) Small wrinkles still presentoverlay to eliminate in shrink flange.wrinkles

A4 Impact rubber formed 1.60 stretch flange*1/2 inch hard lead o';arlay 1.06 shrink flange

(1) Slight web warpage(1) Wrinkles worked lightly with (2) Wrinkles not completely re-mallet moved from shrink flange.

(2) Restrike with rubber pad (3) Small wrinkle present at( Restrike no rubber pad end of stretch flange.

A5 Impact rubber formed 1.60 stretch flange(1) Soft lead strip overlay 1.06 shrink flange

at shrink ±l.- : (1) Slight web varpage(2) Restrike without overlay (2) Small wrinkles present in

shrink flange.(3) Slight Warpage at one end

of stretch flange.

94( 1 8 1 13 A.. .

41

MICDONNELLDATE ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI PAGE 19 .

REVISED LA3OTRY REPORT REPORT A250 _

REVISED

FIAL R!PRT

TABLE 3 (cont'd.)

spec. No. Operation Revarks

A6 IUlact rubber formed 1.60 stretch flange*I/2 inch hard lead overlay 1.06 shrink flange

(I) ncued heavy shrink flange (1) Slight wrinkles notwrinkles by hand forming with completely removed by handsoft lead straps. working and restriking

(2) Restrike 2 times with no over- operations.lay.

(3) Additional working of wrinkleswith lead straps.

(4) Restrike with no overlay.

*The hard lead overlay consisted of lead alloyed with 6% antimony.

MA( 234W 01rV + AU6 6*1

AC

AC

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PAGE - 2)REPORT A250

Z-- -- 'B L C' 4 -ETA 4 .SEND PADI TLE RA-I

-

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9.10 4! .109 .109 .o 01o9 ?.10. 1.27. I,4.75 I.50 .905 .9621-040. 950.8-91 .Io9).169 .1o9 .10P .!q9i I1.52 1 i422 Ib55 .916 .9.55L057 .0 .Q5 I;/,o .!1o9, g 1..o0 ,.o9 .094,. 109 1.77 _. i.40. t5O L77Q 1.1.- 1.185 1. 1195 I. 5/.).b-9-[_ io.o6 j.io9I,5.! j , !09iI .78 -1.9 .445 1-.,50 ' 1,755 1.128 1.174147 1.27 I -169 1.I4,.

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MCDONNELLDATE ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI PAGE 21

REVISED LABORATORY R TEPO REPORT A250

REVISED

A/,A/A/L// 5z§ND PA D! UG DAM/- mO/- /,V00A/L 7 /

SPEC. G> N ..2iZ .PPiG 8A/vD IMEA HMET-E

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Twms Mir REPORT A250

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_________________ M'd) 0NN F, ~ /'PG ___

__________________St. Loiiip, ~ r.REPORTP~rO 41!-28259Laboratory Report

FIG=R 2 - LOCN~O OF FAXhURE I CKTA B RA

I;.,,

-CO RINEL-L PAGE 24DATM ST. LOUIS, Mou REPORTMISSREVISED LABORATM RERTI

REVISED

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MAC 2.1IG (R V 9 AUG It1

DA TE _ __ N I D O N N I 1 I~ PAGT 2y___________St. Louis, MissouriREOT l )PHOTO D4X-2559Z72 Laboratory Report

FIGURE 4

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DATE - DONNF'Il

PHT ~coTSt. Louis, Missouri PAGEPH~O D&K.3T9 Laboratory Report REPORT A~

FPIGtI 5

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DATENil _____ MDONN F 1

_______________St. Lui, Misouri PAGE

P~oro D4E-254737 Laboratory Report REPORI A250

FIG=R 6

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DATE PAGE 2

_________________St. Lous, Missouri REPORTA QPHOTOD4E-254736 Laboratory Report

FIGURE 7

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BetAalbeCp

r~r ~ ~PAGE -2c)

REPORT A25...LABORATORY REPO)RT

PINAL REPORTK ~FIGUIU I1MTRGRA1IULAR ATTrACK rN BASE METAL OF 1/4 I7NCH

INCOXEL 71F PLATE MANUAL TIC] WELDED WIT11 INCONFL71'l7:TV WIRE. WEfL'(EVT WAS ACED AND PICKLED

PER P.S. 12050 USING A HNO -HI? SOLUIOCN

m-7389 MAC. 250X

M-i.75QcX- MAG. 2 (OX

CORROSION TN HEAT AFFECTFD Z ONE Of WELPFP PLATE

"I REPORT~ 25,

rnTFRDKNDRITIC ATTrACK OF WELD 3Vr-GFT "I . fi/4iqCH INCONEL 718 PLATE UJSING INCA. :T 71' FTLIv"'

-giRE. whi-f1" ' AGED AND PICKLED PEP P.c. 1' R ~ 1WELDING USING A 1EN0F SOLXUrON

~~ - , *.- .*

.B e s.

MCDONNfjWEL-L PAGE 31~ _ZC TM E I ~klwsom REPORT _A250

-t~ffz LABORATORY REPORT'

FTCURE 10 0k4 8 IW-r WIfCK INONEL 718

- AS-RMEIVED MILLANNEALED

)(-7804

AS AGED

m-7765

AGED AND PICKLEDPER~ P.S. 12050

ALL P.ROTOG CROGRAPHS -250X

E VH: ET.ECTRLYTTC - HCL + H20

22

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PWICD NNELLPAGEREPORT ___________

' FIGURE 11 AciD k)4e. INCH I1WCONEL 7We zICKLi D 711USI1E M ODWTION FACILITV S

PTCY-,.:D FOR l

PICKLED FOF 'iC MINU1'FS

Best Al'ailable Copy

PAGE 3REPORT A250

A~~'L ~INCH INCONFi 7i6 PICKLED 'K :F 2t~;SN. PR0~OMMY FACILITIES

M-7761

PICKLED FOR 75 MITYI'ES

___ -PICKLED POR 9.0 nCWU1ES

~ M-7764

* PICKLED FGR 10c> MINUTrEs

Best Availjable COPY

~, ~ ,PAGE 3

.1.'LAPORA"'QPY RE ) REPORT A25

F ~ ~ -AGED .048 INCH INCONEL 716 PICKiLFi ; FINAL R EPORT12050 US ING LABORATORY FACThITTES

mM-7858~~' PICKLED Y-'R 15 MINLfE

__ M-7856

- ~ ' .< .~f PICKLED FOR 30 MIMJTrE

* M-7Ph55

* PICKLED FOR -45 M~TmrES

Best Available Cop

CATE~S.)~ PAGE - 35REPORT A.5 ..

S D4E-255910

FTWAL YR

FIGURE 14 - AGED .048 IflCH INCOWEL 718 PICKLED P;;? P. S12050 USING IAORATORY FACILITIES

7 -w TL 56M-7873

~8 ~ 4.7 -~ PICKLED FOR 75 MIMMfS

- ?M-7857

~x, PICKLED FOR qO MlnnTES

8E3st Availabfe. r,

PAGE 30T, yT.,REPORT k250

BP]EIMl RE-ANqWEALED ANDl AIR =Y'll-

M-8004

PIC1EED FOR '~ --N=JS

* *IC K L D YV R wf l w vr s

Best A--jal CP

MCDONNELL•-.. . . . . L.J.,I$.. PAC,E 3REPORT A250

..... .. A.ORAT RE PoVD F, -255909

FINAL REPORT

TIMJE 16 - .048 IW'R IWXLOM 718 PICKLED PER P.S. 12050AflD BEING RE-AmEALED TMM A WATM QUENCH

PICZK1 TOR 15 1UU7M

X-8095

S '"PICKLED FOR 30 KhES

M-8059

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.,t1~ PT

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DATE ___________ST._________MISSOURI PAGE _________

REPORT <

LADOfATORY REPO)RT

FIXAL CP

FIGURE 18 AGIIED .o4f INCH fINCOIEL 718 PICKLED mrNG A ?ITRICACID-NTTRADD PTlaZNS SOLUION

M-85ZT

PICKLED FOR 15 MKflr

X-8532

- PICKLED FOR K 11 lh1L'fl,

- N

m-854-,

FICJCLEr' Y"I!

COPyv

St, L-,uls, Missouri PAGE ____ __

PHOTO DI.E-L2g34s Laboratory Report REFORT

FIGURE 19 -MIND=!i BED RADIUS SET!UP

1

Best Available Cops

DATE ___ Ni)ONNfI. TL~

tLou~ie, Mivs-uri Rl PORT ::(PH~OD4E-229I46_ -Y ravtz -~ut

FIGURE 20 - SPECIMS BEING BENT IN BEND RADlIUS TEST TOOL

MAC I00-3 (REV. 26 JAN. 5 PAGE 42PA -_ oF TEST REQUEST REPORT 0

TITLE Evaluation of Inconel 718, Age Hardenable Nickel-

chfomium Alloy

•LABORATORY OR DEPT. RESPONSIBLE FOR TFST jjMODEL

TEST PARTS ON IBM ON TPL NO.- APL/EPI

PRODUCTION PARTS FOR TEST NOT REQUIRED [ None

WORK REQUESTED

SOBJECTIVE (GIVE PURPOSE OF TEST, WORK AND DATA REQUIRED,

INCLUDING SERVICE HISTORY ANDI BACKGROUND INFORMATION)

1,0 OBJECT

To continue the determination of the fabrication char-acteristics of the nickel-chromium alloy, Inconel 718.

2.0 JUSTI 1?ICATION ------'

IReult.- or the te.ting which ham been completed inPhase I ,uitify th. continuation of this program.

3.0 WORK TO BE PErMFORNED

Work to b" performed under thii,, addendum to TR. 13-241. will he aq ,tated in page 3 of the basic TR. amPhase 1I and III:

Phase II

3.1.1 .3 Weld Patch Te.:st.1 .2,. Ten.ile Proporti'.!, Ilanual TIG Fusion Welded

i ~l ] tc

2.1 Lp pShcL;r, lieintarice Spot 'eld" 2° T ri Pull -Out, ltfri taicH Spot 'Auld

S 3,3.]. Lap Shuar, Ti0 Spot Weld1.3,2 TunsilE Pull-Out, TI(0 Spot Weld

Phan. Ill

La Deltc (Work rompn ted under Pha!e I)14.2 Uni form El]onation4 • 3 jimpli ng11.h Rubbcr Forming

REFERENCES OR ENCLOSUREC

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PAGE

- - REPORT-9.20

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