DeeDee Schumacher CVT, VTS (ECC) & Jeannie Stall, R.V.T. Credits: Alleice Summers Clip Art /Google...
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Transcript of DeeDee Schumacher CVT, VTS (ECC) & Jeannie Stall, R.V.T. Credits: Alleice Summers Clip Art /Google...
![Page 1: DeeDee Schumacher CVT, VTS (ECC) & Jeannie Stall, R.V.T. Credits: Alleice Summers Clip Art /Google images.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022032804/56649e545503460f94b4a9c2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PANSYSTEMIC DISEASES
DeeDee Schumacher CVT, VTS (ECC)& Jeannie Stall, R.V.T.
Credits: Alleice SummersClip Art /Google images
![Page 2: DeeDee Schumacher CVT, VTS (ECC) & Jeannie Stall, R.V.T. Credits: Alleice Summers Clip Art /Google images.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022032804/56649e545503460f94b4a9c2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Pansystemic Disease
Involve multiple body systems in addition to the primary target organ.
Causes Viral Bacterial Parasitic
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Canine Distemper
Dogs & other carnivoresTransmission : Via aerosolized body
secretions Highly contagious / Fairly easy to
kill Many strains of the virus Causes immunosuppression then
secondary infectionsTreatment : None, just supportive therapy
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Canine Distemper
Clinical Signs Fever Cough Nasal & ocular discharge Pneumonia Vomiting Diarrhea Dehydration Seizures Ataxia
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Canine Distemper
Vaccine only preventionPrognosis guarded - (esp. if neuro problems present)Neuro issues can present weeks - yrs post infection
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Canine Distemper
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Canine Parvovirus
Very resistant virus - can survive for yrs. in environment Via fecal-oral transmissionInvades rapidly dividing cells :
Lymph system GI tract Bone marrow
Black & tan breeds more susceptible
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Canine Parvovirus
Clinical signs Lethargy Anorexia Vomiting Bloody diarrhea Fever Dehydration Death
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Canine Parvovirus
Vaccine only preventionKeep puppies isolated until final vaccine: Avoid visits to dog parks, pet stores……
Trt: Supportive treatment only Infected animals require isolation ward: Step in/step out pans Protective gowns
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Canine Parvovirus
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Rickettsioses
Small, Gram - , Obligate, intracellular bacteria Dogs
Rickettsiae Ehrlichiae
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
RickettsiiInduces vascular endothelial injury
Inflammation Necrosis Increased vascular permeability
Ticks: Dermacentor variabilis Dermacentro adersoni
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Clinical signs Edema Hypotension Shock Arrhythmias Seizures Coma ARF
Dx : Direct immunofluorescent test in skin/
tissue Hx of tick exposure
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Tx :Rx Tetracycline Doxycycline
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Ehrlichia
Ehrlichia canis via tick: Rhipicephalus sanguineusDisease
Acute:2-4 weeksOrganism multiplies and is transported to other organs
Subclinical6-9 weeks after infection+/- signs
ChronicBone marrow suppression
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Ehrlichia
Clinical signs : Anemia Depression Anorexia Fever Dyspnea CNS signs Bleeding tendencies
Dx : Positive indirect immunoflorescent antibody testTx: Rx Tetracycline or Doxyclicline Supportive care
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Ehrlichia
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Lyme ( Borreliosis )
Borrelia burgdorferi via tick:Ixodes sp./ Requires attachment for 48
hoursSymptoms:
FeverAnorexiaLameness
Dx : Via + ELISA test
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Lyme
Tx :Rx Doxyclycline but not always effective…..Anti-inflammatory medsVx : Endemic areas & dog’s “life-style” due to tick
exposure: Hunting , timber walks,
camping
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Rabies
All warm blooded animalsViral- induced neurologic dz.
Hosts:Raccoons / Skunks / Bats / Foxes / Coyotes
Transmission : Saliva via mucous membranes,
bites, open wounds
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Rabies
Incubation time :3-8 weeks (from exposure to symptoms) Enters nerve endings @ bite /wound, ascends the nerve to the brain, where it multiplies then travels along nerves to salivary glands & enters saliva
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Rabies
3 stages: Prodromal
Changes in behavior ie: “Friendly” wild animals Fearful
Excitative (furious)Hyperactive/aggressive Dazed stupor = “Dumb “ form of rabies
ParalyticAscending hind limb paralysis progesses to resp. failure & death
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Rabies
No cure ***ZOONOTIC***
Clin. signs: Behavior changes
Difficulty swallowing HypersalivationAtaxiaDepression/stupor
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Rabies
Dx. : Postmortem exam of brain onlyMust include brain stem / Not frozen tissues
Vx’d pet exposed = Re-vx. & watch for 90 days
Unvaccinated animal exposed:Euthanasia or Strict isolation x 6
months
Quarantine periods vary
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Rabies Virus
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (Feline Herpes Virus)
Highly contagious upper respiratory virus
Still prevalent inspite of available vaccines
Transmission via : Aerosolization / Direct contact
Virus not hardy -- Inactivated in environment within
18-24 hrs.
Can shed virus up to 3 wks. after infection
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Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (Feline Herpes Virus)
Clin. Signs:SneezingConjunctivitisNasal dischargeFever AnorexiaDepressionCorneal ulcers
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Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (Feline Herpes Virus)
Tx.: Supportive therapy Anorexic- (Can’t smell food so won’t eat) Antiviral therapy for ocular infections Vaccine best prevention
People can transmit virus to other cats on clothes ,
etc…..
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Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (Feline Herpes Virus)
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Feline Calicivirus
Highly contagious upper resp. virus Ulcerative stomatitis common Hardy, resistant virus
Disinfectants don’t kill readily & can
live in environment for days
Transmission : Direct contact with infected cats
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Feline Calicivirus
Clin. signs :Fever Ocular & nasal discharge Mild conjunctivitis Oral ulcers PneumoniaIn kittens, acute arthritis- a.k.a. “Limping kitten syndrome”
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Feline Calicivirus
Trt: Supportive care only Vaccinations are the best
preventionClinical signs last ~ 5-7 days Oral ulcers last 7
days Anorexia a problem -- If cat can’t
smell food, won’t eat food……….
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Feline Calicivirus
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Feline Distemper (Panleukopenia/parvo virus)
Closely related to K-9 ParvovirusTransmission : Direct contact Contaminated
environmentVirus remains in environment for years Incubation period : 4 - 5 days Exposure to
symptoms
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Feline Distemper (Panleukopenia/parvo virus)
Clinical Signs:Fever Depression Vomiting Diarrhea Dehydration Anorexia Abortion
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Feline Distemper (Panleukopenia/parvo virus)
Trt : Supportive therapy Force feed ( after vomiting is
controlled ) Rx Broad-spectrum abx
Post – virus “surviver” has lifelong immunity
Vaccinations are best prevention
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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
“Feline AIDS “ ( lentivirus )
Intact males living outdoors ( “Mail” cat )
Transmission : Fighting / bite
wounds Vaccine may cause cats to test positive
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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Clin. signs :History of recurrent illnesses Anorexia / Stomatitis /
Chronic URIDiarrhea / Vomiting / Chronic
fever
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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Keep infected cats indoors & stress-free
Casual contact transmission unlikely
No specific treatment / No human risk
Vaccine available
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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Feline Leukemia Virus
Retrovirus / Unstable in environment
Transmission via close contact:
Horizontal transmission – Sick cat to well cat
Urine, saliva , tears, fighting, grooming, bowls, etc…
Vertical – Poss. via parent?? Transplacental Transmammary - milk
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Feline Leukemia Virus
ELISA test:Positive cats should be retested in 3-4
months
May remain in good health for a long time
Keep infected cats indoors: < stress < exposure to other dz. < transmission to others
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Feline Leukemia Virus
Clin. signs :Fever / Anorexia / Wt. loss /
AnemiaSecondary infections /
Vomiting Diarrhea / Abortion / Renal
diseaseNeuro problems
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Feline Leukemia Virus
Isolate infected cats & reduce stress
No treatment
Vx. infected cats for other diseases
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Feline Leukemia Virus
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Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Requires exposure to feline corona virus
(virus mutates) Virus sheds intermittedly Inactivated in environment by
disinfectants Issue for catteries / ++++ multi-
cat homes Highly contagious !!! Transmission via : Feces /
Urine / Saliva
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Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Two forms of this dz.: “Wet “:
75% of cases
Effusive form has perivasculitisProtein-rich fluid accumulation in chest/ abd.
Faster progression of dz. than the dry form
“Dry “: 45% of non-effusive cases have ocular & neuro problems
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Feline Infectious Peritonitis
“Wet” form clinical signs :Ascites Pleural effusion Anorexia Depression Weight loss Dehydration
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Feline Infectious Peritonitis
“Dry” form clin. signs:Fever (unknown origin) Anorexia Depression Weight loss Ocular lesions Neuro signs
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Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Trt : Supportive careAspirate fluids / Rx Steroids daily Rx Broad spectrum abx
Prevention is best :Isolate infected cats Don’t breed infected queens !!! + / - Vaccinate negative cats ??
( Vx. only effective when given to cat not prev. exposed to feline coronavirus)
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Feline Infectious Peritonitis
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Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii : Intracellular coccidianFeline only definitive host , but
other warm blooded animals (humans, too)
can be intermediate hosts
~ 30% - 60% of adults have been exposed
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Toxoplasmosis
Transmission via:
Fecal - oral
Transplacental
Eating contaminated meat of intermed. host
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ToxoplasmosisSporulated oocysts are ingested & tachyzoites form which then
invade body tissues Cat
Eye Lung
Dog ( rarely occur ) GI Neuro Respiratory
Host cat sheds oocysts for 1-2 weeks Undercooked meat > exposure risk
!!!
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Clinical signs of Toxo
Dependent upon which tissue was invaded …. Anorexia / Lethargy / Fever / Wt. Loss
Diarrhea / Vomiting / Icterus ( jaundice )
Lameness / Resp. issues / Pancreatic issues
Anterior uveitis / Glaucoma / CNS issues
Sudden death
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Toxoplasmosis
Immunocompromised or Pregnant : Requires someone else to change litterbox daily w/ hot H2O rinse
weekly
Dx:Difficult since so many people are
exposedNo long term shedding of oocysts (~
1-2 wks)
Tx: Rx Clindamycin ( BID x 2 -3
weeks )