Deciding What QualifiesHVSIA Activity Matrix () Implemented and partially populated. Google HVSIA...
Transcript of Deciding What QualifiesHVSIA Activity Matrix () Implemented and partially populated. Google HVSIA...
AAPA 2011 Study Tour Agenda
Wednesday, 7 September 2011
09:00 09:30 Welcome & introduction to CSIR R&D projects (including APT) B Verhaeghe
09:30 10:15 Part B: Binders - Specifications for bituminous binders J O'Connell
10:15 11:00 Part B: Binders - Bitumen-rubber/Sasobit J Muller11:00 11:15
11:15 13:15 Part C: Improving pavement performance - SAPDM and management of the road network
L Kannemeyer H Theyse
13:15 13:45
13:45 14:30 Part C: Improving pavement performance - High Modulus Asphalt and Agrement South Africa E Denneman
Coffee break
Lunch
Welcome!
Overviews of CSIR Activities
Benoît Verhaeghe
Development - new
technologies, products or
services
Directed research
- new understanding
of research domains
Implementation - impact on
economy and society
Basic research
- advancement of knowledge
Industry/ Public Sector
CSIR
Tertiary Education Institutes
The CSIR spans the research and innovation value chain but its role is differentiated from universities and commercial R&D
Strategic Position in the National System of Innovation
• CSIR head office in Pretoria • 10 regional offices across the country
© CSIR 2009
• 2 400 staff • 1 500 staff in science, engineering
and technology base • 757 staff with Master’s and PhDs
degrees
CSIR People
• Total operating income: R1 723.6 m – Parliamentary Grant: R535.3 m – Contract research: R1 175.1 m – Royalty income: R8.7 m – Other income: R4.5 m
CSIR financials
CSIR at a glance
(figures as at 31 March 2011))
Our foot print
The brand story
• The brand story
CSIR Architecture
CSIR Research Impact Areas
CSIR Built Environment
Core focus: Support South Africa’s competitive performance and welfare through development of efficient and globally competitive built environment systems; appropriate and efficient components and relevant technologies to support, through R&D, technological innovation and selected specialised value-added services Competence areas
– Planning support systems – Infrastructure engineering – Building science and technology – Infrastructure systems and operation – Logistics and quantitative methods
Executive Director: Hans Ittmann
Planning Support Systems
Louis Waldeck
Urban and Regional Planning
Maria Coetzee
Building Science & Technology
Theuns Knoetze Architectural
Engineering Peta de Jager
Construction Industry Development
Sihle Dlungwana
Construction Materials and Methods
Joe Mapiravana
Infrastructure
Systems & Operations Derick Matthee
Passenger & Freight Transport Operations Mathetha Mokonyama
Intelligent Systems &
Traffic Management Kobus Labuschagne
Network Asset Management Systems
Paul Nordengen
Logistics and
Quantitative Methods Theo Stylianides
Statistical Modelling and Analysis
Pravesh Debba
Advanced Modelling & Supply Chain Research
Gert Engelbrecht
BE Fellows: Antony Cooper, Morris de Beer, Phil Paige-Green, Louis Waldeck, Kevin Wall
CSIR BUILT ENVIRONMENT – JUNE 2011
Coastal Engineering & Port Infrastructure
Dave Phelp
Infrastructure Engineering
Benoit Verhaeghe
Transport Infrastructure Engineering
James Maina
Advanced Material
Testing Dave Ventura
Accelerated Pavement Testing Louw du Plessis
Rock Mechanics
Laboratory Sarel Coetzer
Hydraulic Laboratory Kishan Tulsi
Outcomes Management
Venantio Mzenda
Strategic Research
Management Chris Rust
Strategic Contract R&D Management
Kenny Kistan
Quality Management Mary Mabuse
Technical Assessment
Benson Wekesa
Drawing Office Isabella Thysse
Agrément South Africa Joe Odhiambo
ACTP
Llewellyn van Wyk
Sustainable Human
Settlements Tinus Kruger
Infrastructure engineering
R&D areas within infrastructure engineering: Transport infrastructure engineering and accelerated road testing (e.g. design, construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure assets - roads and airports; sustainable and cost-effective transport network; accelerated testing of roads and advanced testing of materials, including traditional, waste and novel materials; engineering design, analysis and modelling; vehicle-pavement and infrastructure-environment interaction; geotechnical engineering and rock mechanics; environmental engineering and sustainable construction; performance data capturing techniques and instrumentation; international research collaboration in accelerated pavement testing)
Coastal engineering and port infrastructure (e.g. predictive engineering solutions and decision support for safe and cost-effective development and operation of ports and coastal structures; physical modelling of environmental impact on ports and coastal structures; physical and numerical modelling of moored and manoeuvring ships; wave fore and hind-casting, and wave diffraction, refraction and reflection modelling; collect and manage real-time environmental data on waves, tides, currents, wind, weather and bathymetry for ship and port operations; monitor impact of marine environment on coastal structures specialist support to local and international port/harbour authorities, consultants and contractors)
Staff complement
• 71 permanent staff members
• Qualifications • 7 staff members holding a PhD • 9 staff members holding a Masters degree
• 3 staff members studying towards a PhD • 6 staff members studying towards a Masters degree
• Location
• Transport Infrastructure engineering • Research staff & laboratories : CSIR Campus (Bld 2) • Satellite office : UCD, California • HVS activities : Field test sites
• Costal engineering & port infrastructure : CSIR, Stellenbosch
Research Areas • Recycled Materials - Secondary cementation • Chemical and liquid stabilisers - physical bonding • Durability and performance of stabilised materials - carbonation
Theories • Stabilised material curing – Laboratory versus field • Application of soil mapping to infrastructure/geotechnical
engineering • Structural failures in the road environment: Slope stability • Climate Change mitigation and adaptation • Nano technology applications in pavement materials technology • Performance prediction of bitumen based on chemical analysis • Chemical properties of materials- Accelerated laboratory ageing –
long-term performance • Environment-friendly materials and processes
– Alternative materials and by-products – Cold-mix technology – Warm-mix technology – Manufacturing process
Nano-Technology Applications • Visibility of roads and road furniture is vital for road safety • New developments in nano-technology investigates the development of
nano-phosphors – Nano-phosphors can be synthesized, blended and engineered for
specific properties – Ability to engineer a material to be luminescent in terms of colour,
duration and intensity – Activated by UV through the day, luminescent at night (broadly
speaking) – Add to cement, road binder, transparent paint etc
• Combination of nano-phosphors and infrastructure materials may lead to low-energy visibility
Agriculture-Based Binders
• Findings – Proven in principle – Similar to bitumen in some
respects, cementitious materials in other respects
– Properties (example): • ITS > 1700 kPa • E > 10 GPa
• Spin-offs
– Processing of waste produce from agriculture
– Small agricultural industries (local producers/farmers of solid and solvent)
Research Areas (advanced measurements)
• Advanced observational techniques of materials – 3D laser scanning, CT Scans, SEM and Atomic Force Microscopy
• Advances in existing test methods – i.e. strain-at-break, tri-axial, shear testing, DSR, etc
• Concept development of new-generation HVS & associated equipment
Research Areas (pavement engineering)
• FEM development and verification, including development/improvement of PADS suite
• Limit state design of concrete & fracture mechanics • Advanced deflection analyses - Differences between the
deflection and hence stiffness results from different devices • Concrete pavement studies – focus on environmental issues • Mitigation of solar radiation – focus on temperature and
durability • Long-life pavements
www.sapdm.co.za
Accelerated Pavement Testing
• Rigid pavements – Structural design
– Ultra-thin reinforced concrete
– Fibre-reinforced concrete
– Roller compacted concrete
• Flexible pavements – Stabilisation technology
– HMA grading optimisation
– Binder technology
– HiMA technology
Vehicle-Pavement Interaction and Full-Scale Assessment
• Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS)
Ultra-Thin Reinforced Concrete
– 20 to 60 mm Layer Thickness (160 – 230) – 50 x 50 mm (Ø4mm to Ø8mm) Welded Mesh
• Up to 4.5% Steel (0.6% for Traditional CRCP) – Ultra High Strength Cement (UHSC) Paste
• Compressive Strength = 120 - 140 MPa (35 – 40) • Flexural Strength = 7 – 15 MPa (4.2 - 4.5)
– Water Cement Ratio = 0.27- 0.30 (0.32 – 0.40) – Steel- and polypropylene fibres.
Ultra Thin Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement
GFIP – N12 Freeway N1 Freeway
Cold in-place recycling
• Deep in-situ recycling with cement, bitumen emulsion and foamed-bitumen
• Advantages – Conservation of natural
aggregates – Energy savings – Minimises traffic disruption
and time delays – Wide range of distresses can
be rectified – Significant cost savings
Vehicle-Pavement Interaction and Full-Scale Assessment • Stress-in-Motion (SIM)
Road R80
• 7-day average maximum temperature: 58 ºC • Minimum surface temperature: -0.6 ºC • Test conducted over 40 ºC to 60 ºC temperature range
Accelerated Pavement Testing site
Standard versus n- and M-shape contact stresses
INFLATION PRESSURE = 420 kPa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
PIN NUMBER ACROSS VRSPTA
Tyre width: 220 mm
20kN 30kN 40kN 50kNWHEEL LOAD:
CO
NTA
CT
STR
ESS
(kPa
)
INFLATION PRESSURE = 420 kPa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
PIN NUMBER ACROSS VRSPTA
Tyre width: 220 mm
20kN 30kN 40kN 50kNWHEEL LOAD:
CO
NTA
CT
STR
ESS
(kPa
)
1000
1200
1400
1600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200
200
400
600
800
720 kPa620 kPa520 kPa420 kPa
Tyre width: 220 mm
PIN NUMBER ACROSS VRSPTA
INFLATION PRESSURE::
Tyre Load = 18 kN
1000
1200
1400
1600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200
200
400
600
800
720 kPa620 kPa520 kPa420 kPa 720 kPa620 kPa520 kPa420 kPa
Tyre width: 220 mm
PIN NUMBER ACROSS VRSPTA
INFLATION PRESSURE::
Tyre Load = 18 kN
Uni- versus bi-directional traffic
Bi-directional traffic
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
Cross Sectional Distance (mm)
Perm
anen
t Def
orm
atio
n (m
m)
446A4 447A4
Caravan side Traffic side
Standard versus n- and M-shape contact stresses
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
Cross Sectional Distance (mm)
Perm
anen
t Def
orm
atio
n (m
m)
446A4 447A4 448A4 445A4A
Standard load
n-shape load
m-shape load
Assessment of rut-resistant mixes
• Bailey method:
Fine-graded mixes: <90% of loose unit weight Coarse-graded mixes: 95-105% of loose unit weight Stone-mastic asphalt: >100% of rodded unit weight
Aggregate packing
Mix Bailey CA CUW DASR porosity
Reference 74 % (fine) 52 % (fine)
East Rand 99 % (coarse) 48.3 % (coarse)
West Rand 105 % (coarse) 46.9 % (coarse)
ØCA CUW: Coarse Aggregate Chosen Unit Weight ØDASR: Dominant Aggregate Size Range
Gradings
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
Sieve size (raised to power 0.45)
perc
enta
ge p
assi
ng
Reference mix Rut challenge E-Rand Rut challenge W-Rand
PCS
(2.3
6 m
m).
SCS
(0.6
0 m
m).
TCS
(0.1
5 m
m).
Hal
f sie
ve (4
.75
mm
).
0.075 0.300 1.18 2.36 4.75 6.7 9.5 13.2 0.015 0.600
Comparison (channelised)
60C vs 70C Rut resistant summary
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000
Repetitions
Ave
rage
tota
l sur
face
rut [
mm
]
451A4 TOTAL AVG CS 451A4 AVG TS 452A4 TOTAL AVG CS 452A4 AVG TS
Comparison (channelised)
Comparison between STD and RR1 HMA mixes - Temperature
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000
Repetitions
Tota
l sur
face
rut [
mm
]
441A4 TOTAL CS 441A4 TOTAL TS 451A4 TOTAL CS 451A4 TOTAL TS 452A4 TOTAL CS 452A4 TOTAL TS
60C and 70C
58.5C
60.9C
HVS International Alliance
HVSIA Activity Matrix (www.hvsia.co.za)
Benefits of the HVS Programme
Impact and Benefits of the SA HVS Programme
üGauteng, national & SADC pavement design standards and guidelines üMaterial specifications and guidelines üDevelopment of human resources üCapacity building in industry üInnovative products and designs
Breadth of benefits Materials/methods development of a new large-stone mix
design method; use of modified binders in mixes; in situ recycling of materials (using cement, lime, foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion); block paving (masonry and concrete); coarse power station generator ash; roller compacted concrete; slag; bitumen-rubber; waterbound macadam; recycled asphalt base; upgrading of gravel roads; marginal natural aggregates with various additives; high quality granular bases; evaluation of drainage layers as structural layers; lime-stabilized sand subbases under bitumen; design and rehabilitation procedures for concrete roads; lightly-cemented base pavements; identification and evaluation of cost-effective rehabilitation techniques; evaluation of labour-intensive construction methods; testing various asphalt base pavements and improving the design, analysis and understanding of the behaviour of such pavement types; porous asphalt
Breadth of benefits Materials/methods development of a new large-stone mix
design method; use of modified binders in mixes; in situ recycling of materials (using cement, lime, foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion); block paving (masonry and concrete); coarse power station generator ash; roller compacted concrete; slag; bitumen-rubber; waterbound macadam; recycled asphalt base; upgrading of gravel roads; marginal natural aggregates with various additives; high quality granular bases; evaluation of drainage layers as structural layers; lime-stabilized sand subbases under bitumen; design and rehabilitation procedures for concrete roads; lightly-cemented base pavements; identification and evaluation of cost-effective rehabilitation techniques; evaluation of labour-intensive construction methods; testing various asphalt base pavements and improving the design, analysis and understanding of the behaviour of such pavement types; porous asphalt
3.52.9
2.4
6.1
5.1
4.2
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
4% 8% 12%
Discount Rate
Ben
efit
Cos
t Rat
io
Gautrans & SANRAL Combined
Formal impact on : SA pavement design and analysis
• Structural design manual (TRH4) Rehabilitation design manual (TRH12)
• SA mechanistic design and analysis method • The determination of the equivalent damage exponent
SA materials characterization • Asphalt mix design manual • Materials classification and selection (TRH14) • Sabita/AsAc manuals, bituminous stabilised materials,
large aggregate mixes for bases (LAMBS)
Product Development
Vehicle-Pavement Interaction and Full-Scale Assessment
• HVS: Export of technology (in association with Dynatest®)
Questions?