Dealing with Plastic Settlement Cracking: Case Studies and ......Goethals Bridge Bayonne Bridge...
Transcript of Dealing with Plastic Settlement Cracking: Case Studies and ......Goethals Bridge Bayonne Bridge...
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2015 Kiewit Bridge & Marine District Meeting
Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
Dealing with Plastic Settlement Cracking:
Case Studies and Lessons Learned
Oscar R. Antommattei, MS, PE, FACISenior Concrete Engineer/Engineering Manager
Kiewit Engineering Group
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
Outline
• Introduction
• Fundamentals
• Case Studies
• Lessons Learned
• Closing Remarks
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
INTRODUCTION
Settlement Cracking
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
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Goethals Bridge
Bayonne Bridge
Kosciusko Bridge
Trunk Highway 53
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
FUNDAMENTALS
Settlement Cracking
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
Plastic Settlement Cracking
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
ACI 224R – Control of Cracking
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ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
Dakhil et al (1975)
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
Darwin et al (various year)
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ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
CASE STUDIES
Settlement Cracking
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Thin – HPC – SCC
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Thin – HPC – SCC
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Thin – HPC – SCC
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Thick – Mass – Low Slump (< 4 inch)
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Thick – Mass – Low Slump (< 4 inch)
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Thick – Mass – High Slump (6 - 8 inch)
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Settlement Cracking
Do you see the “snow melt” system?
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
LESSONS LEARNED
Settlement Cracking
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Lessons Learned
Based on the case studies…
• Plastic settlement cracking should be visible within the first 24-48 hours after the concrete sets. May be easier to identify after concrete dries and cools down.
• Risk of plastic settlement cracking increases for:
✓ Concrete having a delayed or longer set time, in particular when exposed to low temperatures
✓ Larger (thicker) sections
✓ Embeds or rebar close to the top surface resulting (small cover)
• No correlation observed with:
✓ High or low slumps
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ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
CLOSING REMARKS
Settlement Cracking
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Closing Remarks
• Limitations from research can result in misleading actions when the knowledge is used outside of the research scope.
• Knowledge from research can misrepresent the intent of durability performance requirements, in particular to meet constructability of 100+ year service life bridges.
• The potential risks for plastic settlement and slump requirements needs to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis in consideration to the local material properties, mixture proportions, performance requirements, design criteria and construction demands.
• Risk of plastic settlement cracking is not limited to one single and simplified variable such as slump.
• Design, construction, materials and weather conditions will directly affect the risk of plastic settlement cracking in construction.
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Kiewit. Driven by projects. Built by YOU.
ACI Salt Lake Fall 2018 KIE CONCRETE
Thanks!
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