Deaf and Hard of Hearing
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Transcript of Deaf and Hard of Hearing
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Deaf and Hard of Hearing
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How does the ear work?
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How does the ear work?
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How does the ear work?
• Outer ear catches sound waves
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How does the ear work?
• Outer ear catches sound waves• Middle ear turns waves into vibrations
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How does the ear work?
• Outer ear catches sound waves• Middle ear turns waves into vibrations• Inner ear produces signals which are sent to
the brain
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How does the ear work?
• Outer ear catches sound waves• Middle ear turns waves into vibrations• Inner ear produces signals which are sent to
the brain• The brain makes them meaningful
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Types of Hearing Loss
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Types of Hearing Loss
Conductive Hearing Loss-sound waves cannot travel to the inner ear
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Types of Hearing Loss
Conductive Hearing Loss-sound waves cannot travel to the inner ear
Sensorineural Hearing Loss - caused by damage to the inner ear
or auditory nerve
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Types of Hearing Loss
Conductive Hearing Loss – OUTERsound waves cannot travel to the inner ear
Sensorineural Hearing Loss – MIDDLE-INNERcaused by damage to the inner ear
or auditory nerve
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Degree of Hearing Loss (ASHA)
• Normal range = 0 dB to 20 dB• Mild loss = 20 dB to 40 dB• Moderate loss = 40 dB to 60 dB• Severe loss = 60 dB to 80 dB• Profound loss = 80 dB or more
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Definitions
• People who are Deaf / Deaf people– Have little use of hearing– Usually perceive some sound– Can be divided into three groups:
• Congenitally Deaf • Prelingually Deaf • Postlingually Deaf
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Definitions
• People who are Deaf / Deaf people– Have little use of hearing– Usually perceive some sound– Can be divided into three groups:
• Congenitally Deaf • Prelingually Deaf • Postlingually Deaf
• People who are hard of hearing:– Experience a loss of hearing between 20 and 60 dB
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Identification
• Testing methods include:– Air conduction audiometry– Bone conduction audiometry– Otoacoustic emissions (AOE) can be used for universal
infant screening
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Early Identification
• Early identification remains an issue– Average age for identification of mild and moderate loss is
between 5 and 6 years old
– The average age of deaf children’s identification is between 18 months and 2.5 years
– Children identified before six months old have better results than children identified after 18 months
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IEP Considerations
For students with hearing loss, IDEA '04 calls for IEP Teams to consider:
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IEP Considerations
For students with hearing loss, IDEA '04 calls for IEP Teams to consider: 1. Language and communication needs
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IEP Considerations
For students with hearing loss, IDEA '04 calls for IEP Teams to consider: 1. Language and communication needs 2. Opportunities for direct communication
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IEP Considerations
For students with hearing loss, IDEA '04 calls for IEP Teams to consider: 1. Language and communication needs 2. Opportunities for direct communication3. The student's academic level
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IEP Considerations
For students with hearing loss, IDEA '04 calls for IEP Teams to consider: 1. Language and communication needs 2. Opportunities for direct communication3. The student's academic level 4. The student's full range of needs
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Prevalence
• Hearing loss is the number one “birth defect” in the U.S.
• Over 1/2 adults over the age of 65• Almost ¼ of 1% of all schoolchildren• Over 30% have multiple disabilities
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Etiology
• Known causes (most unknown)– Maternal rubella– Meningitis– Otitis media– Heredity / genetics (35%)– Noise
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Prevention– Noise abatement (say no to The Clash)
– Preventative health care / early diagnosis and intervention
Cochlear implants
– Best if child receives before age 5
– Not everyone is able to use
– Benefits include improvement in speech, language, and reading
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Inclusion
• The general education classroom may be the most restrictive
– For many it results in exclusion
– More comprehensive services tend to be centralized
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Technology• Four types of hearing aids are available
– Behind the ear (BTE)– In the ear (ITE)– In the canal (ITC)– Completely in the canal (CIC)
• Assistive devices for the Deaf include:– Assistive listening devices
• Hearing aids, digital hearing aids, FM transmission devices, audio loops
– Telecommunication devices• TTYs, closed and open captions, and rear window captioning
– Computer text-to-speech• Real time captions
– Alerting devices• Special devices for alarms doorbells and telephones
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Deaf people
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People who are deaf