DB Administration.ppt

8/14/2019 DB Administration.ppt

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Database Administration


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Database Administration

Rarely approach as a management disciplineImplies a plan and an implementation according tothe plan

Includes the following:development and design of database strategies,monitoring and improving database performanceand capacity

planning for future expansion requirementsimplement security measures to safeguard thedatabase


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Reactive vs Proactive DB Administration

ReactiveMore like a fire fighters

Attempts to solve problems only after they occur

Focused on resolving the problem at hand

ProactiveImplements practices and procedures to avoidproblems before they occurImplements a strategic blueprint for deployingDBs


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Data Administration

Separates the business aspect of dataresource management from the technologyused to manage the dataUnderstanding business lexicon andtranslating it to a logical model


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Data Administrator

Identifying and cataloging the data required bybusiness usersProducing accurate conceptual data model thatdepicts relationship among data elementsCreating a data enterprise modelSetting data policies of the organizationIdentifying data owners and stewardsSetting standards for control and usage of data


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DA vs DBA


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DBA

Ensures that an organizations data areuseful, available and reliable/correctPerformance and Tuning


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Performance and Tuning

workload, throughput, resources, optimizationand contention

Workload online transactions, batch jobs, ad hoc

queries, analytical queriesThroughput capability of the computer HW & SWto process dataOptimization analysis of database requests with

query cost formulas to generate efficient accesspathsContention the condition at which two or morecomponents of the workload are attempting to usea single resource in a conflicting way


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Performance and Tuning

Database PerformanceOptimization of resource usage to increasethroughput and minimize contention enabling the

largest possible workload to be processed An effective performance monitoring andtuning requires not just DBMS expertise butknowledge outside the scope of DB adminHandling performance is an enterpriseendeavor


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Availability

Utilities are provided while to analyze thedatabase while application read and writefrom itClustering technologies provide failovertechniques that reduces downtime


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Database Security & Authorization

Only authorized programmers and usersshould have access

It is the responsibility of the DBA that only

authorized users have access to itInternal security features of the DBMS GRANT & REVOKE

Group authorization features


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Database Security

Actions that needed to be secured:Creation of DB objects tables, views etc.

Altering structure of DB objects Accessing the system catalogReading & modifying data in tablesCreating & accessing user-defined functions

Running stored proceduresStarting and stopping databases


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Back-up and Recovery

Majority of recoveries today resulted fromsoftware and human errorHardware failure is not as prevalent as theyused to be

80% of errors are due to software and humanfactors

The DBA must be prepared to recover data atany usable point, no matter what the cause,and to do it as quickly as possible


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Recover to currentDB is brought back to its current state before thefailure occurred

Point-in-time recovery Application level problemRemoves all transactions since a specified pointin time

Transaction RecoveryEffects of specific transactions during a specifiedtimeframe are removed from the DB

Application recovery


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What should the DBA do?Develop a back-up strategy to ensure that data isnot lost in the event of an error

Applicable to DB processingProcedures shroud be in place to keep datasynchronized & accurate


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Staffs involved in DB Administration

System DBADatabase ArchitectDatabase Modeler

Application DBAData Warehouse Administrator


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Database Architect

For design and implementation of newdatabases

Not involved in the maintenance; in new design

onlyRationale

Skills required for designing new databases aredifferent from those that are required to keep anexisting database up and running


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Database Architect

Creating a logical data modelTranslating logical models to physicaldatabase designImplementing efficient databases

Analyzing data access to ensure efficientSQL and optimal database designCreating back-up and recovery strategies fornew databases


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Database Analyst

Junior DBASometimes his role is similar to the databasearchitectSometimes referred to also as the dataadministrator


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Database Modeler

Collecting data requirements for developmentprojects

Analyzing data requirementsDesigning project-based and conceptual datamodelsCreating and updating corporate data modelEnsuring that DBA has sound understandingof the data models


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Application DBA

Focuses on database design and the supportand administration of databases for a specificapplication

Expert in writing and debugging SQLstatements

understands the best way to incorporate DB

requests into the application program


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Application DBA


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Data Warehouse Administrator

Monitor and support data warehouseenvironment

Business intelligence, query & reporting tools

Database design for read-only accessData warehousing design issues such as starschemaData transformation and conversionData quality issues


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End of Lecture

DB Administration.ppt

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