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THE LANGUAGES COUNCIL

VOCABULARY TIME 2O MINUTES ROOT WORDS

A: a, an (not without)aqua (water)

a, an (not, without)

achromatic without color

ahistorical not historical

amoral without morals

anesthesia without pain

anhydrous without water

apathy without feeling

aplastic not easily molded

aseptic sterile, without infection

atheist Godless

atoxic not poisonous

atrophic not developing, growing

atypical not typical

ab (away from, apart from)

abase to lower, degrade

abdicate to surrender, yield

abduct to carry off

abhor to loathe, reject

abnormal not normal

abridge to abbreviate, shorten

abrogate to repeal, repudiate

absolve to release, set free, vindicate, acquit

ac, ad, af, ag, al, ap, as, at (to, toward, adjacent to)

By the process of assimilation, adbecomes ac, af, etc., to conform to the first consonant in the nextsyllable.

accede to agree

accelerate to speed upaccept to take, receive

acclaim Praise

acclimate to adjust to climate

accumulate to gather, collect

adapt to adjust, accommodate

adept expert, skilled

adequate Sufficient

adhere to stick, maintain loyalty

adjacent near, nearby

adjudicate to judge, settle finallyadmonish to reprove, chide

affiliate an associate, subsidiary

affirmation assertion, declaration

affluent wealthy, rich

afforestation replanting, reforestation

agglutinate to unite, adhere

aggregate to gather, collect together

allocate to distribute

EXERCISE Unscramble

uiloalsn an indirect reference

itonoarpp to divide in proportion

tisppeoa highly appropriate

icasber to attribute

cptsae phase, appearance

euassdr Confident

aatcht to fasten

dtnate to give attention to

taetitvcar pleasing, personable

TLC/LPF/D6/1/4 2004TLC. ILLEGAL USE SHALL ATTRACT PENAL ACTION

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alg (pain)

analgesic Painkiller

cephalalgia Headache

nostalgia homesickness, yearning fortimes past

podalgia Pain in the foot

GRAMMAR B. THE PAST TENSE

I. Simple Past tense

Simple past tense is used:

a. The simple Past tense is used to indicate an action completed in the past it often takes adverbs of time like

yesterday last month, last year, in 1963.

b. Did is used with interrogative & negative sentences

Example: I didnt sleep well.

He studied many hours everydayc. Is also used for past habits.

Example: She always carried an Umbrella.

S + V2

S + did + not + V1 (Negative sentence)

Did + S + V1 ?

S + was + were + V3

* S SUBJECT V2 2nd FORM OF VERB ? INTEROGATIVE SENTENCE

SPEAKING EXERCISE: WHAT YOU DID YESTERDAY?

APOLOGISINGSorry, Im not ready yet...

Im sorryI really am.Im very sorry that this has happened.

I didnt mean it.

I am sorry if I worried you.

Sorry, I havent finished it yet.

Sorry about that. I hope you dont mind.

Hope Im not disturbing you.Im terribly sorry. This is all entirely my own fault.

How stupid of me! I wasnt thinking.

Sorry, I cant find it anywhere.

Please forgive me for all this confusion.

I do beg your pardon.

Id like to apologize for all that.

How sorry Im about it.

I am really sorry about it.

Please excuse me for it.

Im very sorry for saying all that.

Oh, you must forgive me. I had no idea.

I have to leave early. I hope youll excuse me.

Look, I didnt mean to upset you.

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ACCEPTING AN APOLOGY

Not at all.

Please dont worry.Forget it. I dont want you to feel bad about it.

Thats all right.

Thats perfectly all right.Its ok.

It doesnt matter, but dont let it happen again,

will you?Dont worry about it. Anyone can make a

mistake.

Oh well, I suppose its all right.It doesnt matter this time, but dont repeat it.

EXERCISE

SITUATION APOLOGY

You stand on someones toe in a bus. I m so sorry. I didnt mean to hurt you.You have been rude to your friend at school. Please forgive me.

You forget to do your homework. Im Sorry

You dont say hello to an old friend in the street. Please excuse me. Its so crowded in here.You break your mothers favorite plate. I do apologize. How clumsy of me.

You knock over a pile of books in a bookshop. Im really sorry. Ill do it tonight and hand it in

tomorrow.

APOLOGY RESPONSE

Sorry, I hope its not a problem Not at all

Im sorry. Im bothering you a lot. Not a problem.Im ashamed of myself. Its ok.

Im so sorry. Doesnt matter.

Im terribly sorry. Be careful next time.Accept my apologies. All right.

Sorry, about that. Doesnt make a difference.

I beg your pardon. Yes.I really apologize for what Ive done. Take care in future

Forgive me for my deeds. Never mind.

REJECTING AN APOLOGY

Its no use apologizing now. You should have done it earlier.Its too late to apologize now.

Whats the use of saying sorry? Look at the damage done to my car.

Its easy to say sorry but how are you going to compensate me for my lost opportunity?You walk in an hour late, and all you can say is Im sorry.

Im afraid saying sorry just isnt enough. Youll have to do something about it.Its all very well to say youre sorry, but what are you to do about it?

TLC/LPF/D6/3/4 2004TLC. ILLEGAL USE SHALL ATTRACT PENAL ACTION

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LISTENING:

Sophie: Mum...

Mum: Yes Sophie?

Sophie: Will you lend me ten pounds?

Mum: What for?

Sophie: And can you lend me your new jacket?

Mum: My new one?

Sophie: Yes,and ...

Mum: And what?

Sophie: Can you give me a lift to town now?

Mum: Start again. You want to borrow ten pounds, you want to borrow my new jacket and you want me to give you

a lift to town now? Anything else?

Sophie: Oh ... will you get me some new batteries for my Walkman? I really need to use it today.

Mum: Well...

Sophie: And can you collect me from the city centre at midnight tonight?

Mum: Right. Shall we go through them one by one? You can borrow ten pounds, but you already owe me ten

pounds, so you'd better not spend too much. You definitely can't borrow my new jacket.

Sophie: Oh Mum ...

Mum: I will give you a lift to town, but not till four o'clock, because I'm busy right now.

Sophie: But I need to go now.

Mum: You could walk of course, or take the bus. You should get more exercise anyway. You'll go past a shop that

sells batteries then. I haven't got time to do that. And you really ought to be more polite. I feel like saying no to

everything when you speak to me like that.

Sophie: OK, sorry, I'll wait till you're ready. So would you please give me a lift? And could you collect me from thecity centre at midnight, do you think?

Mum: Yes, I will ... but you'd better leave me to finish what I'm doing now or I'll change my mind.

Sophie: OK then.

TLC/LPF/D6/4/4 2004TLC. ILLEGAL USE SHALL ATTRACT PENAL ACTION