Dasar Diagnosis Radiologi, oleh Prof. Bachtiar, Tnggl, 07-04-2010.ppt

7/23/2019 Dasar Diagnosis Radiologi, oleh Prof. Bachtiar, Tnggl, 07-04-2010.ppt

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OFBASIC PRINCIPLES OF

RADIOLOGYRADIOLOGY

Bachtiar MurtalaBachtiar MurtalaDepartment of Raiolo!"Department of Raiolo!"

Meical Facult" #a$anuin %ni&er$it"Meical Facult" #a$anuin %ni&er$it"

Ma'a$$arMa'a$$ar


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BASIC PRINCIPLES OFBASIC PRINCIPLES OF

RADIOLOGYRADIOLOGY

Bachtiar MurtalaBachtiar Murtala


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General o()ecti&eGeneral o()ecti&e

*o pro&ie a (a$ic uner$tanin! of

ioni+in! raiation an other raiation

$ource$ a$ a tool of ia!no$i$

*u)uan pem(ela)aran untu' raiolo!i

men)ai a$ar ia!no$ti'


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Specific objectives,

- *"pe$ of raiation- E.uipment$

- Ba$ic$ of interpretation

- Biolo!ic effect$ of raiation

- Raiation protection


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#i$tor" in (rief#i$tor" in (rief

/ Raiolo!" $tarte 0hen Prof12ilhelm Conra Roent!eni$co&ere of a new kind of rays34-ra"$5 in No&em(er67869: in German"

/ #e mae a fir$t photo!raph of hi$ 0ife;$ 3Bertha5 han in

Dec


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Raiolo!" can (e cate!ori+e a$Raiolo!" can (e cate!ori+e a$,,

/ Diagnostic radiology?Raiation$

3ioni+in! an nonioni+in! 57 u$e a$ a tool

to ma'e ia!no$i$ of i$ea$e$1

/ Radiotherapy or radiation oncology

--raiation u$e a$ an a!ent to

eraicate@to 'ill tumor@cancer


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*"pe$ of raiation $ource*"pe$ of raiation $ource

/ Raiation$ can (e cate!ori+e into t0o

main form$ ,

/ 385 Electroma!netic

-ra"$7!amma-ra"$7 u&7 infra re7 &i$i(le

li!ht7 raio 0a&e$1

/ 3


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-ra"-ra"

/ *o e&elop of 4-ra" (eam7 0e nee ,

A &acuum tu(e

Electron$

Focu$in! cup

Metal filament

*ar!et


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Characteri$tic of -ra"@!amma ra"Characteri$tic of -ra"@!amma ra"

/ Ioni+in! effect

/ Biolo!ic effect

/ Penetrate o()ect/ Attenuation

/ Scatterin!

/ photo!raphic


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-Ra" Gamma ra"

81 Source -ra"tu(e@machine

Raioi$otop


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/ In conventional radiography, after pa$$in! the(o"7 4-ra" 0ill create an ima!e irectl" onphoto!raphic film1

/ *he film i$ co&ere (" a thin emul$ion of Sil&erBromie 3A!Br57 0hich i$ &er" $en$iti&e to 4-ra"$an &i$i(le li!ht7(lac'enin! the film after

ha&in! e&elope in li.ui e&eloper 3 0a$hin!proce$$in! 5


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*erm$ in con&entional raio!raph"*erm$ in con&entional raio!raph"

Dar'ne$$ to (ri!htne$$

/ #"perraiolu$cent , free-air/ Raiolu$cent , lung, fat tissue

/ Intermeiate , soft tissues,water/fluid

/ Raiopa.ue , Calsium, bone/ #"perrariopa.ue , metal


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C*-ScanC*-Scan3Computeri+e *omo!raph" Scan 53Computeri+e *omo!raph" Scan 5

/ *he !reate$t $tep for0ar $ince the i$co&er" of

-ra"$1 Fir$t C*-Scan 0a$ introuce in 89>


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*erm$ in C**erm$ in C*

/ #"perdense, (loo7 calcification7 (one

/ I$odense@normodense, normal $oft

ti$$ue$ $uch a$ (rain7 li&er7 $pleen7etc

/ #"poen$e , flui7 eema7 fat7 a($ce$$7

tumor7 etc1


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#%#oun$fiel %nit


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C*-a4ial


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MRI


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MRIMRI

3 Ma!netic Re$onance Ima!in! 53 Ma!netic Re$onance Ima!in! 5

/ *he late$t ne0comer of raiolo!ical moalitie$

/ E4ploit$ h"ro!en nuclei 3proton5 of the human

(o" to e&elop $i!nal

/ Ima!e$ in an" plane of an" part of the (o"/ No ioni+in! raiationNo (iolo!ic effect$

/ Contrainication for patient$ 0ith u$in!

ferroma!netic material $uch a$ pacema'er/ More e4pen$i&e7 theoreticall" more ifficult7 an

technicall" more a&ance


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Main Component$Main Component$

/ A &er" $tron! ma!net 3 =18-81: *e$la or H 5

/ A raio tran$mitter

/ A raio fre.uenc" recei&er coil/ A computer


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*erm$ in MRI*erm$ in MRI

/ *82I7 *


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Coronal &ie0

Sa!ittal &ie0

Arterio!rafi


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C* Scan

MRI $a!ittal@$ampin!


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*


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R i li I iRaionuclie Ima!in!


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Raionuclie Ima!in!Raionuclie Ima!in!

33 Nuclear meicineNuclear meicine55

/ Raioacti&e introuce into the (o" of

the patient$ orall" or intra&enou$l"

/ Detection of raiation emittedfrom

raioacti&e tracer in$ie the patient

/ Raioacti&e tracer$7 terme

radiopharmaceuticals emit !amma ra"$1

/ Gamma camera i$ u$e to etect the ra"$

an prouce ima!e1


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*0o ma)or tomo!raphic metho$ ,*0o ma)or tomo!raphic metho$ ,

/ 385 SPECT 3 $in!le photon emi$$ion

compute tomo!raph"5

/ 3


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PE*PE*


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%ltra$ono!raph"%ltra$ono!raph"

/ %ltra$oun 3%S5$oun 0a&e fre. H


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Component$Component$

/ Transducer/probe0hich containpiezo-

electrical crystals 3 the main component 5

*he$e cr"$tal$ act a$ (oth

tran$mitter@prouce ultra$oun an

recei&er 3of echo5

/ Computer and dysplay

/ Printer


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/ *he mo$t important part i$ transducer

/ *ran$ucer contain$ pie+oelectric cr"$tal$

0ith t0o function$ , tran$mitter of %S an

recei&er of echo

/ Echo returnin! to tran$ucer !enerate$

electrical $i!nal$computerima!e


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*erm$ in %S*erm$ in %S

/ #"perechoic echorich(ri!htne$$ ,

calcification7 $tone7 !a$

/ I$oechoic normoechoic , normal $oft

ti$$ue li&er7 $pleen7 etc

/ #"poechoic echopoor , tumor7 a($ce$$

/ Free-echoic unechoic , flui 0ater7etc


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Po$itionin! in raio!raph"Po$itionin! in raio!raph"

/ In con&entional raio!raph"7 0e $houl

familiar 0ith the routine po$ition$

/ PA , Po$tero-anterior

/ AP , Anterio-po$terior

/ RLD , Ri!ht lateral ecu(itu$

/ LLD , Left lateral ecu(itu$/ etc


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Foto


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Biolo!ic effect$Biolo!ic effect$

/ Come from -ra"$ an !amma-ra"$ $ince

the" can ioni+e atom$@molecule$ of

human ti$$ue

/ Can (e !roupe into , immeiatel" effect$7latent $omatic effect$7 an manife$t

!enetic ama!e


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Principle$ of raiation protectionPrinciple$ of raiation protection

/ Shoul (e appl" to , patient7 per$onnel7

an en&ironment @ aroun people

/ 2or' 0ith , - $horten time7

- appropriate i$tance7

- u$e protecti&e tool$

/ A&oi an reuce $omatic an !enetico$e$ to a$ lo0 a$ po$$i(le 3 ALARA7 A$

Lo0 A$ Rea$ona(l" Achie&a(le 5


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*han' "ou

Dasar Diagnosis Radiologi, oleh Prof. Bachtiar, Tnggl, 07-04-2010.ppt

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Transcript of Dasar Diagnosis Radiologi, oleh Prof. Bachtiar, Tnggl, 07-04-2010.ppt