I. FOOD CROPSFood crops were produced carbohydrate as sources of protein and energy for humans

Wheat (Triticum aesticum L.)Is the single most important crop on a global scale. Used for human & animal nutrition. World annualy production 600 MtProvides 20 % energy & 25 % protein 6.6 billion people of the world

GANDUM DI INDONESIA• Penggiling/penumbuk gandum menjadi tepung di Indonesia PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Bogasari Flour Mills • Kebutuhan terigu (tepung gandum) 3,2 juta ton/tahun• Bahan utama pembuat roti, mie, martabak dan lainnya • 70 % tepung gandum UKM; Indofood 18 %• 1 kg terigu Rp 7.500 (2011)15 mangkok mie• Tanaman gandum di Indonesia baru pd tingkat penelitian• Thn. 2000. Produktifitas 5 ton/ha di KPC (1.600 m dpl 18C)

WHEAT : VAR. DEWATA IN BROMO MOUNTAIN - EAST JAVAWHEAT : VAR. DEWATA IN BROMO MOUNTAIN - EAST JAVA

PRODUK BERBASIS GANDUM : MIE, ROTI

Rice (Oryza sativa L.)The second most important food crops globally in

terms of sources of energy and protein in human nutrition. World annualy production 500 Mt 1.6 billion people

That is Some 70% of the world’s poor!…and nearly all of them eat rice two or three

times a day! Human Development Report, 1997

90% of the world’s rice is produced and consumed in Asia.

Current annual demand for rice in Asia is 533 million tons of paddy

Robert S. Zeigler Director General International Rice Research Institute(International Rice Conference 2005. IAARD – IRRI. Bali, Indonesia September 12 – 14 th 2005.)

Nutrition from rice Nutrition from rice (selected Asian countries, 1999)(selected Asian countries, 1999)

Sources: FAO online database (2001); World Development Report (2002); World Bank

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Maize (Zea mays L.)Indian corn America; The third

food crops globally, with three main purposes :

1. human food particulary in the tropic (energy & protein),

2. feed for livestock (two - thirds of total in feed grains).

3. raw material or many industrial products;

• Planted at : 1.423.000.000 km-2 588 Mt (4 t.ha--1);

• Have C4 photosynthetic pathway;

• Indonesia imported ± 1 million ton per year

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Potato makes the largest contribution to the total production of tuber crops. Annual world production currently totals 274 million ton on 18 million ha. The Russian federation rank as the world’s largest producer, followed closely by China. In the early 1990s, 30 % of the global potato output was produced in developing countries, Asia, Africa & Latin America

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

Geographic origin : China; The fifth most important food crops globally or ranked no 5 worldwide among the 30 leading food crops; Grain legumes are one of the primary sources of protein for humans and their animals; Important grain legumes because of higher protein and oils; The caloric energy per unit mass of oils is higher than that of stored carbohydrates; Sensitive to photoperiod; 100 - 150 days old with daily air temperatur 20 - 30 C; Indonesia imported 1.5 million ton per year

CASSAVA(KETELA POHON/UBI KAYU/SINGKONG)

(Manihot esculenta)

II. HORTICULTURE

• Pomology• Olericulture• Floriculture• Medicine plant

The role of horticulture product The role of horticulture product

1. Source of food, vitamin, mineral and crops fibers,

2. Source of natural herbal and medicine, 3. Protect and improving the living

environment, 4. High economic value product for people

earning and poverty alleviation, 5. Absorbing the man power sources, 6. Potential export product.

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FruitsAlpokat (Persea americana Mill.)Durian (Durio zibethinus)Nanas (Ananas comusus)Jeruk (Citrus sp.)Mangga (Manginfera indica L.)Pisang (Musa paradisica L.)Apel ( Malus silvestris)Semangka ( Citrulus vulgaris)Nanas (

POMOLOGY

MARDI – KELANTAN – MALAYSIA 2006

Vegetables Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) Brokoli (Brassica oleraceae var Italica Plenck.)Cabe (Capsicum sp.)Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)Kubis (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata)Mentimun (Cucumis sativus)Terong (Solanum melongena L.)Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)Wortel (Daucus carota L.)

FLORICULTURE

Ornamentals Plants• Cut Foliage• Cut Flower• Pot plant (Flower & foliage)

Medicines PlantsJaheTemulawakKunyitSambilotoKapulagaMahkota DewaGingko giloba

III. INDUSTRIAL CROPS

Tanaman penghasil bahan pendukung utama bagi kebutuhan hidup manusia

Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.), Beet Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)Karet (Hevea braziliensis l.)Kopi (Coffea sp.)Teh (Camelia sinensis L.)Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Kapas (Gossypium sp.)Ketela pohon (Manihot esculenta)Kelapa (Cocos nucifera)Kelapa sawit (Elais guinensis)Bambu, Kenaf, Pisang Abaca, Acacia sp

TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Berasal dari tanaman tembakau dan bersifat genetik, terutama nikotin. Nikotin dapat mengakibatkan ketagihan dan gangguan pada jantung serta paru-paru.

BAMBO

Sawit, Kelapa, Bunga matahari, Kedelai, Canola, Jarak

BIOFUEL CROPS

VERY PROMISING Posisi # 2 terpopuler di dunia sebagai

minyak yang dapat dikonsumsi (kedelai = 31%, kelapa sawit = 24%)

Pertumbuhan permintaannya tertinggi di dunia (kelapa sawit = 9%, kedelai = 8%)

Indonesia merupakan produsen minyak kelapa sawit terbesar kedua di dunia

Diproyeksikan menjadi yang terbesar karena keunggulan kompetitifnya (ketersediaan lahan, kualitas tanah yang baik, tenaga kerja yang berlimpah, iklim yang menunjang)

Indonesia diperkirakan bisa mengungguli Malaysia di tahun 2010

Prospek Industri Kelapa SawitProspek Industri Kelapa Sawitby Ir. Michael PT. Sinar Mas, FKPT-PI Manado 2006by Ir. Michael PT. Sinar Mas, FKPT-PI Manado 2006

Kegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil – FoodKegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil – FoodCooking / Frying Oils and Fats CoatingMargarines Cake MixesShortening Salad OilVanaspati Soup MixesBakery Fats Sandwich SpreadPastry Fats Peanut ButterDough Fats Food IngredientsConfectionery Fat EmulsifiersCoca Butter Substitute Low Fat SpreadsCoffee Whitener Chocolate PastelCreamer CheeseFilled Milk Santan PowderIce Cream Powder

Cooking / Frying Oils and Fats CoatingMargarines Cake MixesShortening Salad OilVanaspati Soup MixesBakery Fats Sandwich SpreadPastry Fats Peanut ButterDough Fats Food IngredientsConfectionery Fat EmulsifiersCoca Butter Substitute Low Fat SpreadsCoffee Whitener Chocolate PastelCreamer CheeseFilled Milk Santan PowderIce Cream Powder

Kegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil – Non FoodKegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil – Non Food

InksRubberExplosiveToiletriesLubricantLeather IndustrySteel mill applicationDiesel substitute

PharmaceuticalTobaccoSoapCosmeticsPaper IndustryTextilesDetergentsAnimal Feed

InksRubberExplosiveToiletriesLubricantLeather IndustrySteel mill applicationDiesel substitute

PharmaceuticalTobaccoSoapCosmeticsPaper IndustryTextilesDetergentsAnimal Feed

NamaNama Nama LatinNama Latin SumberSumber Kadar, %-b keringKadar, %-b kering P / NPP / NPJarak pagarJarak pagar Jatropha curcasJatropha curcas Inti bijiInti biji 40 – 60 40 – 60 NPNPSawitSawit Elais guineensisElais guineensis Sabut + dg buahSabut + dg buah 45-70 + 46-54 45-70 + 46-54 PPKapok/randuKapok/randu Ceiba pentandraCeiba pentandra BijiBiji 24 – 40 24 – 40 NPNPKelapaKelapa Cocos nuciferaCocos nucifera Daging buahDaging buah 60 – 70 60 – 70 PPKecipirKecipir Psophocarpus tetrag.Psophocarpus tetrag. BijiBiji 15 – 20 15 – 20 PPKelorKelor Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleifera BijiBiji 30 – 49 30 – 49 PPKusambiKusambi Sleichera trijugaSleichera trijuga Daging bijiDaging biji 55 – 70 55 – 70 NPNPNimbaNimba Azadirachta indicaAzadirachta indica Daging bijiDaging biji 40 – 50 40 – 50 NPNPSaga utanSaga utan Adenanthera pavoninaAdenanthera pavonina Inti bijiInti biji 14 – 28 14 – 28 PPAkar kepayangAkar kepayang Hodgsonia macrocarpaHodgsonia macrocarpa BijiBiji 6565 PPGatep paitGatep pait Samadera indicaSamadera indica BijiBiji 35 35 NPNPKepohKepoh Sterculia foetidaSterculia foetida Inti bijiInti biji 45 – 55 45 – 55 NPNPKetiauKetiau Madhuca mottleyanaMadhuca mottleyana Inti bijiInti biji 50 – 57 50 – 57 PPNyamplungNyamplung Callophyllum inophyllumCallophyllum inophyllum Inti bijiInti biji 40 – 73 40 – 73 NPNPRandu alasRandu alas Bombax malabaricumBombax malabaricum BijiBiji 18 – 26 18 – 26 NPNPSeminaiSeminai Madhuca utilisMadhuca utilis Inti bijiInti biji 50 – 57 50 – 57 PPSiur (-siur)Siur (-siur) Xanthophyllum lanceatumXanthophyllum lanceatum BijiBiji 35 – 40 35 – 40 PPTengkawang Tengkawang tungkultungkul

Shorea stenopteraShorea stenoptera Inti bijiInti biji 45 – 70 45 – 70 PP

Tengk. terindakTengk. terindak Isoptera borneensisIsoptera borneensis Inti bijiInti biji 45 – 70 45 – 70 PPBidaroBidaro Ximenia americanaXimenia americana Inti bijiInti biji 49 – 6149 – 61 NPNPBintaroBintaro Cerbera manghas/odollamCerbera manghas/odollam BijiBiji 43 – 6443 – 64 NPNPBulanganBulangan Gmelina asiaticaGmelina asiatica BijiBiji ? ? NPNPCerakin/KrotonCerakin/Kroton Croton tigliumCroton tiglium Inti bijiInti biji 50 – 60 50 – 60 NPNPKampisKampis Hernandia peltataHernandia peltata BijiBiji ? ? NPNPKemiri cinaKemiri cina Aleurites trispermaAleurites trisperma Inti bijiInti biji ? ? NPNPNagasari (gede)Nagasari (gede) Mesua ferreaMesua ferrea BijiBiji 35 – 50 35 – 50 NPNPSirsakSirsak Annona muricataAnnona muricata Inti bijiInti biji 20 – 30 20 – 30 NPNPSrikayaSrikaya Annona squamosaAnnona squamosa BijiBiji 15 – 2015 – 20 NPNP

Tumbuhan Indonesia Penghasil Minyak-Lemak

P minyak/lemak Pangan (edible fat/oil), NP minyak/lemak Non-Pangan (nonedible fat/oil). Sumber: Soerawidjaja, 2004

Jatropha curcasJARAK PAGAR (Jatropha cucrcas L)

Sumber : Dr. David Allorerung, 2005

Tanaman tahunan sampai 50 tahun, berbentuk semak, tinggi mencapai 3 – 5 m. Daun agak lebar, berwarna hijau muda sampai hijau tua, semi menjari, dengan 5 – 7 lekukan. Berbuah pada berumur 6 bln setelah tanam, produksi maksimal tercapai setelah umur 4 tahun. Biji berbentuk oval dengan berat 0,4 – 0,6 g/biji, kadar minyak 30 – 40 % (dari kernel 50 – 60 %). Pada kondisi optimal dapat dipanen 2- 3 kali per tahun.

KOMODITAS LAIN

Tanaman pakan ternak, penghasil biji-bijian dan hijauan untuk makanan ternak

• Jagung• Rumput gajah/elephant grass• Kacang-kacangan