DAS and IBS - A Portflio Approach

8/10/2019 DAS and IBS - A Portflio Approach

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In Building and Distributed Antenna System

(IBS and DAS) Landscape and Business

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Tower SiteNetwork spreadMacro Tower Site

Intelligent Repeaters

Coverage Evolution

One Operator-Infra Roll

outsBTS-for site 1Repeaters/Donor Antennas for site 2

Dedicated BTS-Indoor DAS for site 3

Associated Accessories.

Operator BTS

POI

Couplers

Splitters

Omni Antennas

Indoor DAS

12

3

Increased CapEX

Increased OpEX

Increased Infra

Cluttering


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User Density

cover only Small # large

macro cells outdoor

AMPS

1G

Analog

2G

Digital TDM

GSM

larger # macro cells; Indoorcoverage w/ more power;

Some micro in dense urban

UMTS/HSPA

3G

Digital CDMA

Thin macro cell overlaysDense micro cell under lays

DAS for large buildings

4G

Digital OFDM

Microcells for outdoor; DAS& Pico for enterprise; femto

for residential

Voice Driven Data Driven

Traffic/User

LTE/WiMax

Capacity Limited

Coverage Limited

Network EvolutionThe Service Delivery Challenge


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Without an In-Building Coveragesolution!

- Uncertain coverage! - Unknown capacity!

Au


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Loss of Revenue on Smart Devices without

IBS & DAS

70% of Data Traffic is generated indoors therefore the need of coverage

and capacity inside the premises

Social Media,

SMS, IM

Broadband

InternetEmail

TelevisionHigh quality

audio

Banking Bill

Payment

ShoppingGaming

GPS


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Fibre-DAS is Suitable for Fibre-Covered Areas

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Fibre-DASThe Way Forward for Mobile

Coverage

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The complexity of providing mobile coverage to

demanding customers will be an onerous task as the

EMF from the Towers has been reduced to 1/10th of

the present value

With site acquisition being a difficult task as well as site

availability being a variable, operators will struggle to

meet the coverage obligation

Shared Multi Operator Multi technology Network

Distributed Antenna System

is

the only way forward


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New Trends - IBS


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What is an

In-Building

Solution &

Why is it

required ?

It is a process, where in we radiate adequate Mobile signalsof

one particular Network operator in that entire building.

In places like basement floors, higher floors of some high rise

Buildings, Airports, Corporate offices, Hotels & Shopping malls we

tend to get signals from different cell sites around the building, so

subscriber mobile ping-pong from one cell site to another

resultingin high CALL-DROPS

In some case when the subscriber base increases, the Networkoperator has difficulty in planning new BTS. So instead of

deploying a Macro Site the operator uses a Micro BTS where in

the signal from Micro BTS will be distributed through out the

building using Co-axial cables and distributed antenna system.

By doing so, we will have uniform signal been radiated all

through out the building providing an error free Network

connection to all their valuable subscribers present in that

building.

In the basement floorsthere will be absolutely no mobile signals

present, so this problem also can be solved using a distributed

antenna system in that floor.


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Network Problems inside Buildings High Call Drops- Above 4th or 5th floors ( Due to Multi cell Hand over )

High Bit Error Rate- Water refraction, Interference from other cell sites of same operator or other operators

No network Coverage- Basements, Ground Floors etc. ( Penetration loss)

Subscriber base increasesIf deployment of new BTS sites are not possible


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Boosts Mobile network business and hence Revenues for

the operators

Better use of network resources

Easy to install, expand or upgrade

Greatly improves cell phone performance while in

building, eliminating problems such as unstable reception,

unclear vocal quality, difficulty in accessing calls and evencalls being disconnected.

Is Suitable for Applications of Indoor Signal

Enhancement: offices, houses, shops, stores, super-

markets, department stores, hotels, car parks and etc.

Extends the GSM signal coverage

Eliminates the "blind" area

Improve the quality of conversation Improves sound quality, range, and system access.

Reduces dropped calls, signal fades, or no-service

conditions.

Think about it, we actually spend most of our time inside buildings


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1. Commercial Real Estate Developers

2. Tower Operators3. StateCountry - City Buildings

4. Public Schools

5. Hospitals

6. Stadiums7. Hotels

8. Hospitals

9. Metro Trains

10.Cantonments

11.Special Government Facilities

12.Tunnels


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A network of spatially separated antenna nodes connected to a

common source via a transport medium that provides wireless

service within a geographic area or structure

compatible with:

Cellular phone service

Wi-Fi

Public safety radio frequencies

BTS Hotel

Concept

Distribute & manage wireless network from

central BTS Hotel

All digital/analog wireless network

extension solutions from central BTS

suites to cell sites

Support s 2G, 3G & 4G applications

from single system; transport &remote

Distribute & add capacity as needed

without changing remotes-Modular

Concept

Back-fill/In-fill coverage gaps using

existing resources and deployment

Increase proximity of services to user

Hole & macro gap coverage

Tower shadow areas; canyons,

tunnels, buildings

Improve uplink data performance

through smaller cells

Stealth solutions, ease municipalityapprovals

Addresses need for Outdoor & In-

building Coverage & Capacity


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Economic

Significantly reduces Utility and Infra Cost costs Increased spectrum efficiency

No repetitive site acquisition costs for unsuccessful sites

Elimination of construction and site acquisition costs for

multiple sites for capacity

Reduced future base station infrastructure deployment

costs

Network cost sharingZoning/permitting, fiber build,

pole rent, etc

Alternate to traditional expensive urban deployments(roof tops)

Eliminates the need to build costly, difficult and

sometimes impossible conventional sites needed to

augment capacity

Operational

Much easier to troubleshoot and respond to network problems Efficient use of technical personnel for operations and

maintenance

All radio resource capacity enhancements are centrally

implemented at the BTS Hotel

All BTS maintenance is performed centrally at the Hub

Significant reduction in spare parts inventory, repair costs and

personnel requirements.

Aesthetics

Compact nature of the equipment satisfies aestheticconcerns of communities and their residents

Reduces the requirement for towers and rooftop

antennas which helps improve or maintain the

community aesthetics

Alleviates citizen concerns regarding the proliferation of

unsightly wireless infrastructure.

Strategic

Many advantages for communities: No cost to the city or community

Visually unobtrusive equipment

Use of existing infrastructure such as utility poles and street

lights

Franchise agreements and extensive system real estate assets

Ultra low RF emissions, well below all local, regional, & limits

Fast time-to-market

Increased wireless capacity for next-generation data

applications Easy to maintain and upgrade


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Current Issues

Physical Structure

and Layout

Wireless Signal

Hard Wire Phones Portable Radio

Operations

Student

Expectations

Wireless Providers

Universal

Cellular/PCS/Safety Radio

Coverage

Neutral-Host Wireless

System

Booster for Current andFuture Mobile Applications

with Excellent Network

Quality

Eliminated fixed-line

telephones

Extend wireless carrier

coverage inside and outsidebuildings

Airports

Metro Rail / SubwaySystems

Large FederalGovernment Facilities,Campuses and Bases

State & LocalGovernment Facilities

Office Buildings

Court Houses/Jails

Schools

BTS Hotel

Provides

Solution

DAS Opportunity Areas


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Transmission Rates/Environmental Issues

Wireless connection and antennas can be affected by the environment

and the weather

Despite improving connectivity in dead areas it still may have slow

transmission rates due to working with several frequencies on same

network.

Standards

There are not standards set for BTS hotels

May Lead to competing proprietary technologies

Certain organizations/institutions may need different types requiring in

costly consulting fees from third parties

Environmental Issues

Need for a schematic design for the routing of cables horizontally and

vertically Several antennas, repeaters, and a central hub with wiring can take time

to install (usually installed in ceilings)

Could be an unnecessary cost for some businesses and there is no clear

measurement of costs in terms of productivity


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Shared Infrastructure

Base Station Hotel

Reduced BTS site development

expenses Reduce visual impact of

traditional shelters

Infrastructure in place

backhaul, HVAC, back-up

power, etc.

Improve wireless services to the

residences

Improved coverage & capacity

Greater proximity to user

providing superior voice quality

& data rates

Minimal visual impactblend

into environment

DAS over Spare Fiber to Deliver Wireless Services

Fully utilize fiber plant to feed DAS

Remotes

Fiber pair per DAS remote serves

typically 20 km radius

Fiber pair provides up to 70 MHz

mobile services (non-contiguous) &

100 Mbps Ethernet backhaul (feed

WiFi mesh networks)


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Advantages with DAS for the mobile

operators

Advantages for the Mobile operators: Lower CAPEX for their wireless roll out

Lower OPEX

Better quality and service offerings by getting the antennas

closer to the users

Faster deployment, faster revenue stream.

Lower production cost per call / per Mb

Swift roll out

Benefit from a stealth roll out, utilizing street furniture, lamp

posts etc.

Limited zoning and construction challenges.

Better utilization of network recourses and the core network

investment by better trunking gain.

Unlock the capacity from the coverage footprintBTS Hotel, BTSs and DAS Host at

one central location


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Outdoor DAS & Base Station HotelsReplace

Microcells


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Microcells

2 major Shoppingmalls

200 shops

80K-200K

shoppers /day

Heavy high loss

old buildings

100% IB level

wanted

IB-Solutions not

possible

Mall A

Mall B


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Implementation


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Distribute the coverage and capacity from a

centralized Base Station

Unlock the coverage and capacity

Reduces CAPEX and OPEX

Ideal combo with FTTx

Outdoor DAS?

2GRF

3GRF

4G

OBSAI/CPRI

Prism HostMultiplexed Protocols

Base Station

Hotel

FlexWave Prism

Outdoor DAS


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S i l Li k C bi A hit t


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Serial Link Combiner Architecture

Host Unit

BTS3.072 Gbps

Short Range Optics

9.8304 Gbps

Long Range Optics

SLC SLC

HUB

Remote

Remote Units

September 18, 2013

Fiber transport


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Serial Link Combiner SLC


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IP/WiFi backhaul


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IP Backhaul

Host Unit

WiFi Controller

Remote Unit

IP Router

WiFi AP

Fibre Optic Cable

CO location Remote Locations

WiFi AP


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CPRI Overview


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CDIU Enables System Efficiencies

4G BBU

2G BTS

3G NodeB

R

R

HPOI

POI

POIR

R

H

4G BBU

2G BTS

3G NodeB

POI

Without CPRI Interface (applicable to any DAS system)

With CPRI Interface (no RRH, POI, DART)

CPRI

Multi-band

Radio Heads

CPRI

CPRI

CPRI

Multi-band

Radio Heads

DART

DART DART

CDIU DART

RF input for legacy services

Direct CPRI input from BBU

Resident Small Cell baseband processor

Coax

Fiber

a e

-Greater than 50% power, cooling & space savings

-Full EVM budget for maximum HSPA+/LTE data rates

-All the flexibility of multi-carrier DAS solutions


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Small Cell Aggregation, Transport &

Distribution

RF input for legacy services

Direct CPRI input from BBU

Resident Small Cell baseband processor

Distributed & Connected Small Cell Radio Heads

CDIU BBIU

DARTDART

DARTDART

Universal Host Unit

Baseband Pool

(BTS, BBU, etc.)

10Gbps

2G

3G

4G

SISO

MIMOLTE-A

10 Gbps Transport


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High Rise / Gated areas Challenge


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The challenge of RF performance

Isolation, interference

Users receives signals from many base stationsThis is interference

Metallic coated windows attenuates the signal

The result is:-Degraded / no service

Dropped calls

The solution is to have a dominant signal

In high rise buildings, interfeerence from distant

bastations is a problem


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Lack of Isolation

OK service from

nearby Macro No service in elevators

Weak service on shadow side

No service in the top of

the building,

interference & Pilotpollution


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Indoor DAS

Only allowed in the ElevatorLobby

This will cover the core of the

building

Still, a problem with dominance

on the perimeter of the building

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Indoor & Outdoor DAS

Outdoor DAS from surroundingbuildings and poles will cover

the perimeter

Simulcast with the Indoor DAS

Same sector

Solid dominance

No HO

Limited dropped calls

Max data performance

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Elevators

The Passive Repeater solution for

elevators

Shaft antenna, mounted on a service door

This makes it possible to get permission

Passive elevator repeater in the car; two antennas

back to back

No active elements in the elevator car

Low maintenance

Easy permission

Link

loss

Link

Loss

Antenna Gain

Antenna

Gain

Cable loss

A

RAU

A

A

Antenna Gain

Cable loss

RF Power

Se

rvice

door


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Complete DAS solution

Indoor DAS

Outdoor DAS


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Lower EMR


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Enabling 3G/4G Services Indoors

Ethernet LAN / WLAN topology

Standard structured cabling - fiber

optic and CATV cabling.

Amplifiers at the antenna point

means zero loss Significant cost and performance

advantages in medium and large

sized buildings

Industry-leading performance

regardless of frequency

4G support: LTE


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Due to the proximity of the mobile,

the mobile is the main source of EMR

exposure

Electro Magnetic Radio Exposure

All DAS systems and mobiles must fulfill the

international standards

(EN 50385 WHO/EU (ICNIRP) levels: 6minmeasurements (average)

4.5 W/m2 @ GSM

900 9.0 W/m2 @ GSM

180010 W/m2 @ UMTS

Always try to minimize the exposure to the users

The main source for EMR exposure is the mobile

due to proximity to the user

A Mobile will typical expose the user to 200 times

the power compared with a DAS antenna at 50cm

distance

Mobiles on the outdoor network have to power up

to reach the base station

Mobiles on a traditional Coax DAS need to power

up to compensate for the loss in the cables

Mobiles operating on a DAS system will use the

lowest possible power -- Fibre has negligible loss

page 42

R d RF E Of Th U


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43

Mobile using high power in an office

connected to the outdoor network

100 mW 2.000 mW

Mobile need high output power to reach the outdoor

network

1 mW 10 mW

Mobile use only low output power when connected to

an TE in-building system

Mobile on low power in an office

connected to an TE in-building system

Reduce RF Exposure Of The Users


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Reduce RF Exposure Of The Users

Traditional systems use lossy cables

Decreasing the data speed

Mobile has to compensate for the loss in the

cables

Increasing the mobile transmit power

The TE system has no loss

Better data performance

Reduce the MS radiation up to

factor 2000This is the mobile transit power in an office environment with 1-

50 meter distance between the mobile and the DAS antenna

EMR & I d GSM


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EMR & Indoor GSM

Indoor EMR measurements

1800 MHz / Indoor Omni 18dBm

Measurement results0cm distance (SAR to be used)

0.630 W/m2 (@ 6 min mean) 7% EU4.597 W/m2 (max @ 6 min.)

50cm distance

0.0109 W/m2 (@ 6 min mean) 0,12% EU0.1567 W/m2 (max @ 6 min)

200cm distance0.0067 W/m2 (@ 6 min mean) 0,07% EU0.0221 W/m2 (max @ 6 min)

WHO/EU (ICNIRP) levels:

4.5 W/m2@ GSM 900.9.0 W/m2@ GSM 1800. 10 W/m2@ UMTS


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Metro tunnel DAS

C it i M j M t i th h ll


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Capacity in a Major Metro is the challenge

The solution

Centralised capacity

Use of limited RF Spectrum

No need for Equipment rooms at the stations

Easy to upgrade capacity

Can handle the actual traffic load in LU..

And then more

We need to think outside the box

DAS


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DAS

Next generation high-power Distributed Antenna System (DAS)

Distribute wireless capacity to remote radiating locations

Flexible capacity, independent on 2G, 3G & 4G

Very efficient user of fiber, via WDM/CDWM

1

2GRF

High-speedRF Transport

NetworkBase Station Hotel

Tunnels & Canyon CoverageMetro Coverage and Capacity

MultiplexedDigitalTransport

3GRF

4GOBSAI/CPRI

Prism HostMultiplexed Protocols

Di it l DAS i th


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Digital DAS is the answer....

Distributed Base Stations

Inefficient Capacity

HO Nightmare

Need Space for BS

Hard to upgrade

Static capacity

Digital DAS

Effective Capacity use

Limited HO

No for BS

Easy to upgrade

Dynamic, future proof


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Applications for High Speed Rail

The High Speed Train Challenge


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Penetration loss

One of the main challanges is the penetration loss into the train

From the side(A), it is only the window loss (typically 5-20dB)

From the longitudinal direction (A2, B) the penetration loss is typically

30-50dB

Thie penetration loss ditactes the Link Budget, thus the distance

between the serving Base Stations

The High Speed Train Challenge for Base


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Stations

The Handover Zones

We will need to procvide sufficient overlap between the cells to service the

handover zone.

This is a big challange espicially for high speed train service



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Stations

The Handover Zones

We will need to provide sufficient overlap between the cells to service thehandover zone.

This is a big challenge espicially for high speed train service

The speed of the train is also a challenge due to the dopler effect

Base stations along the track is poor performing and a bad buisness case



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DAS

Via simulcast over several remote units, will limit the needed handover zones

In the handover zone, the remote unit will broadcast both serving cell and

handover candidate with controled level offset

This solves the handover problem. By deploying the remote units away from

the track, the penetration loss improves and the dopler effect is minimized,


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Impact on HSDPA performance

Due to lack of isolation between the cells, most of the area

will not be serviced by high data speed.

Degrades the user speed, and increases the operators cost

per produced Mb

10.7M 7.2M 3.6M 720K 480K 360K 480K 720K 3.6M 7.2M 10.7M


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With simulcast and backfire

The high isolation in the solution provides full data speed

Maximum user data rates

Minimum production cost per Mb for the mobile operator

10.7Mbps

DAS along a rail line


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DAS along a rail line

More efficient use of network recoursesAvoid the Doppler problemAvoid the problem with rapid handoversAvoid the heavy signalling load with smallcells

Use Backfire configuration for 3G,maximixe data speed

Share locations for GSM-R, GSM, DCS,UMTS, LTE


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Examples

DAS is Suitable for Any Small Cell


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DAS is Suitable for Any Small Cell

Environment

page 60 /

INDOORS OUTDOORS

Airports

Canyons & CoastalTunnels/SubwaysConvention CenterHospitality

Urban CoreStadiumsHealthcare

Large Enterprise Campus MaritimeMDU/High Rise


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Conclusions


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DAS is ready for the future!

DAS is technology neutral. Can support GSM, DCS, UMTS,

HSPA+, LTE without any modifications

Can operate mixed technologies if needed

WiFi Ovelay Possible

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DAS Hotel Solutions


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Indoor combined with Street DAS

One central capacity pool via a BS Hotel

DAS Hotel Solutions

Offset in traffic profile will save on

the BSS and Core network

Save cost both CAPEX and OPEX

No local equipment rooms

Easy to upgrade, 2G, 3G, 4G with

minimum impact

Future proof strategy

Link the outdoor and indoor roll out

strategy

Conclusion


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Conclusion

DAS gives several advantages: Offers the most flexible and efficient use of fiber Field upgradable, IP65 remote units with no fans

Reconfigurable simulcast plans, controlled remotely

Digital delay compensation, no need to spool fiber

Supports 2G, 3G, 4G and MIMO

No degradation due to fiber loss

Integrated IP backhaul over the fiber for local IP services, such as

WiFi

DAS Coverage & Capacity Solutions


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DAS Coverage & Capacity SolutionsNetwork Edge; In-building, Near-building, Outdoor

Subway

Enterprise

UndergroundCoverage

Hospitality

Residential

Base StationHotel

Residential

Street-levelStadium

Coverage

Courtyard

FlexWave

Prism

Covered Parking

RetailBuildings

InterReachFusion

Small/MediumBusiness

FlexWave

Prism

FlexWave

PrismFlexWavePrism

FlexWavePrism

InterReachFusion

FlexWave

Prism

FlexWave

Prism

InterReachAccel

FlexWave

Prism

FlexWave

Prism

FlexWave

Prism

DAS and IBS - A Portflio Approach

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