The future is coming…

Stand by:

Bicycle Network PlanningDan Burden

A cycling network should be designed to link destinations and overcome barriers and hazards to cycling in a community. All roads should be considered cycling facilities (except where cycling is specifically prohibited) and should accommodate cycling as well as possible. In addition, special cycling routes should be developed that are particularly suitable to cycling because they have lower vehicle traffic volumes and speeds, fewer hills, or are separated from vehicle traffic altogether. Pros/cons of each facility type (bike lanes, bike paths, bike routes, etc.) as they relate to comfort, safety, encouragement, and design & budgetary constraints.

2001 NationalGeographic Magazine Article on Sprawl

Photo by: Newsday

Levittown

New York

Where are the parks?Where are the trails?Where is the public realm?Where do people gather?How do you go place to place?Where do you buy a popsicle?How does a child visit a friend?

Surgeon General’s Report

21% US citizens ages 9-17 have a diagnosable mental or addictive disorder associated with at least minimum impairment

Depressive Disorders

19 million American adults

• Leading cause of disability in the USA

• Treatment:

• Medication

• Social Contact, including therapy

• And…..

Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) around the U.S. have increased by 70 percent over the last 20 years, compared with a two percent increase in new highway construction.

The U.S. General Accounting Office predicts that road congestion in the U.S. will triple in 15 years even if capacity is increased by 20 percent.

Traffic is growing about five times faster than the growth in population.

(Data compiled for a report to the U.S. Department of Transportation in 2006 written by Stephen Polzin, (transportation researcher at the University of South Florida in Tampa.)

Why we cannot build our way out of traffic

Roads built

Traffic

Gro

wth

What is a sustainable number?

Sustainable Transportation is about meeting present transportation needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.”

The concept of sustainable transportation is a reaction to things that have gone radically and visibly wrong with current transportation and land use policy, practice and performance over the last half of the twentieth century. In particular unsustainable transportation consumes more energy and creates pollution and declining service levels despite increasing investments.

It delivers poor service for specific social and economic groups. It reduces happiness. It raises the cost of personal transportation to 20% of a family budget and takes time away from family time and ties. Indirectly, it increases health care to 15-20%

Conventi

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Syst

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an

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More Pavement

More

Lanes

More

Roads

ITS

More

Cars

MoreCar-CarryingCapacity

Lateral Approach

Incr

ease

Qua

lity

of T

rave

l

User View and Comfort

Context-Sensitive Design

Traffic Calming

Personal Security

Move Less People, Fewer M

iles

Intensify land use densities

Promote Mixed Use Development

Transit Supportive Development

Demand Management – Pricing, e-commerce, telecommuting, etc…

Lane Limits

Change Standards

Shift Policy

Conventi

onal A

ppro

ach

Syst

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M

an

ag

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More Pavement

More

Lanes

More

Roads

ITS

More

Cars

Transit

Bicycling

Walking

HOV/HOT Lanes

Mov

e Pe

ople

, Not

Car

s

A Balanced Transportation Approach

More Car-CarryingCapacity

A recent study in Seattle found that each quartile increase in residential density corresponded with a 23 per cent increase in the odds of walking or bicycling for non-work travel. (King County ORTP, 2005). Seattle, Washington

Seattle starts a new pedestrian or cycling project each six hours … (over 500 per year).

Seattle responds to citizen complaints within 48 hours. Always!

Vancouver now has so much density that there is no comparison until you travel to Asia … to Beijing, Hong Kong, or Tokyo.

As Vancouver has built itself into the one city in the “Most Livable City in the World” …Vehicle Miles Per Day (VPD) is declining. Registered car ownership is also declining.

Virtually all growth occurred in brown fields, industrial yards, old rail yards. Virtually all former single family homes are still in place. Loved, cared for, and worth a heck of a lot of money.

• Complete Streets, • Green Streets, • Context Sensitive Design • LEED for Neighborhood Design• Healthy Streets

Terms Describing Streets of the Future

The streets of our cities and towns ought to be for everyone, whether young or old, motorist or bicyclist, walker or wheelchair user, bus rider or shopkeeper. But too many of our streets are designed only for speeding cars, or worse, creeping traffic jams. They’re unsafe for people on foot or bike — and unpleasant for everybody.

The Pedestrian and Bicyclist in The Pedestrian and Bicyclist in America has been marginalized America has been marginalized and compromised to Deathand compromised to Death

The discussion we need cannot The discussion we need cannot center on whether this will or will center on whether this will or will not be a “Complete Street” but not be a “Complete Street” but rather if we should be building this rather if we should be building this system in the first place.system in the first place.

Smart Streets form highly-connected networks of complete streets.

Street connectivity and sidewalk completeness are correlated with lower average vehicle use perperson as well as dispersed vehicle loads that can decrease congestion.

Smart Streets are right sized for their place an mission, and not built to a model that does not take in the values of the people who will live there.

Narrow streets help to create comfortable settings for walking, gathering, and lingering, especially in neighborhoods and shopping districts. They often work within a larger network that provides a framework of higher-speed streets that offer connectivity to regional destinations.

With regard to ecological aims, right-sizing means limiting impervious surfaces and potentially “freeing” right of way space that can do double duty by functioning to buffer roadside activity and travel lanes while also introducing ecological functions in the street space.

Smart Streets are designed and managed with speeds and intersectionsappropriate to context. To advance walkability and compact development patterns, smartgrowth street designs manage speed and intersection operations to advance overallcommunity objectives.

U.S. A-1-A, Ft Lauderdale, Florida

U.S. A-1-A, Ft Lauderdale, Florida

U.S. A-1-A, Ft Lauderdale, Florida

U.S. A-1-A, Ft Lauderdale, Florida

Capacity of Streets

Reframing Key Transportation ConventionsDESIGN TRAFFIC - Interpreting the Results

Where would you rather walk? Where would you rather bike? Which is the safest place to bike?Where would you rather drive? Where would you rather live? Which is the safest place to drive?

Pedestrian LOQPedestrian LOQ

BB

DD

A

C

Bicyclist LOQ Bicyclist LOQ

CCB

Lake Oswego, Oregon

What would the quality of this walking experience be without this on-street parking and tree canopy.

Space permitting, use with bike lanes (6’

parking, 7’ bike lanes)

10 foot lanes10 foot lanes

Six Feet Wide

Seven Feet Wide

Del Mar, California

Davidson, North Carolina

Four Feet

Six FeetSix Feet

Two Feet

Ten Feet

Healthy Streets for Healthy People

January, 2005January, 2005Dan Burden, Glatting Jackson and Walkable Communities, Inc.Dan Burden, Glatting Jackson and Walkable Communities, Inc.

Bridgeport Way University Place, Washington

MAIN STREET DEVELOPMENT

30 mph speed zone

25 mph speed zone

45 mph speed zone

You Know When You Have Left Claremont

Claremont, California

Proposed x-section alternatives on Foothill Blvd – S sideProposed x-section alternatives on Foothill Blvd – S side

18’ 11.5’travel

½ section curb to median south (school) side

median/CTLtravel

planting11’ 11.5’

travel

Soft surface trail and bike lane

median/CTL

13’

travel

soft-surface trailshy zone

new curb

6’bike

11’ 11.5’travel

Sidewalk and bike lane

median/CTLtravel

Sidewalk shy zone

new curb

6’bike

11’ 11.5’travel

Sidewalk, landscape buffer, and bike lane

median/CTLtravel

Sidewalk shy zone

new curb

6’bike

11.5’ 18’travel

½ section median to curb north (commercial) side

median/CTL

13’

sidewalktravel

Proposed x-section alternatives on Foothill Blvd – N sideProposed x-section alternatives on Foothill Blvd – N side

11.5’ 11’travel

Bike lane and wider sidewalk

median/CTL

15’

sidewalk areatravel6’

bike11.5’ 11’travel

Bike lane & wider sidewalk with parking bays

median/CTL

15’

parkingtravel6’

bikewalking

11.5’ 11’travel

Bike lane & wider sidewalk with textured parking bays

median/CTL

15’

parkingtravel6’

bikewalking

12 Feet12 Feet

5 Feet5 Feet

Natomas, Sacramento, CaliforniaCurb-to-Curb 17 feet 38 mph running speeds

Grandview Drive , University Place, WA (33 mph Average Speed)

University Place, Washington

10 Feet

10 Feet

University Place, Washington

Delft, UT Campus Holland. Example of Alternative of off-street trail system/walkway

Meriam Park, Chico, California

Connectivity Requirements

Compact Area Type for Network Additions

• Link-Node Ratio of 1.6 or greater

• One external connection as well as an additional external connection and stub-out per 50 links or fraction thereof

Virginia DOT

Holcomb Bridge Rd.

Holcomb Bridge Rd.

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Crossville Rd.

Crossville Rd.

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Old Ala Rd.

Old Ala Rd.

Hembree Rd.Hembree Rd.

AzaleaAzalea

Pine Grove Rd.

Pine Grove Rd.

Marietta Hwy.

Marietta Hwy.

Woodstock R

d.

Woodstock R

d.

Riversid

e Rd

.

Riversid

e Rd

.

Hardscrabble Rd.

Hardscrabble Rd.

Ho

uze R

d.

Ho

uze R

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400400

N Roswell, Georgia

3,260 miles of roads

Holcomb Bridge Rd.

Holcomb Bridge Rd.

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Crossville Rd.

Crossville Rd.

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Old Ala Rd.

Old Ala Rd.

Hembree Rd.Hembree Rd.

AzaleaAzalea

Pine Grove Rd.

Pine Grove Rd.

Marietta Hwy.

Marietta Hwy.

Woodstock R

d.

Woodstock R

d.

Riversid

e Rd

.

Riversid

e Rd

.

Hardscrabble Rd.

Hardscrabble Rd.

Ho

uze R

d.

Ho

uze R

d.

400400

N Roswell, Georgia

3,260 miles of roads760 miles connect

Only 22% of roads are doing the heavy lifting

Design for a mix of land uses:

Centers include denser housing, a square, civic uses, and neighborhood- oriented retail.

Civic Civic BuildingsBuildings

Neighborhood Neighborhood CentersCenters Parks and Parks and

Open Open SpacesSpaces

Land Use Pattern Affects Travel Higher Density can reduce Vehicle Trips

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0Density in Units/Acre

Trips

/ Hou

seho

ld (A

DT)

Source: John Holtzclaw, PhD, Sierra Club

Vehicle Trips

Walking Trips

Significant reduction in VMT as we go from 3-4 units/acre to over 20 units/acre

6-7 du/a

7-10 du/a

11-18 du/a

2-3 du/a20 du/a

11-12 du/a net8-10 du/a net

La Jolla Boulevard, Bird Rock, San Diego, California (Five to two lane conversion, before). Four signals and one four-way stop being removed. Back-in Angled parking to be added. (23,000 ADT)

78 Feet78 Feet

La Jolla Boulevard, Bird Rock, San Diego, California

La Jolla Boulevard, Bird Rock, San Diego, California

14 Feet14 Feet

U.S. 27, High Springs, Florida

U.S. 27, High Springs, Florida

San D

iego, California