Daimler Buses presents City Bus of the Future Hydrogen ... · Tata Motors appoints Rajaram Dharnia...

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Vol-7, No.80, August-2016Vol-7, No.80, August-2016

Daimler Buses presents City Bus of the Future Hydrogen Clean Perennial Fuel for Automobile

Olli, the First 3-D Printed Autonomous Electric Bus Launched

Vivek Kamra, President, JK Tyre

JK Tyre tryst with radial technology

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News & Events .................................................................................................................................................................................. 06

Greyhound's Prototype GX-1 Engine Double Decker Coach .................................................................................................... 1 2

Continental Presents a wide range of solutions for tomorrow ............................................................................................ 1 9

Tata Motors appoints Rajaram Dharnia Fouewheels ............................................................................................................... 2 1

Ashok Leyland to set up plants in Kenya, Bangladesh ............................................................................................................. 2 3

Michelin Tyre unveils its first TV commercial in India ............................................................................................................ 2 4

Allison Transmission Reduce Bus Fuel Consumption by 11 Percent .................................................................................... 2 5

Olli, the First 3-D Printed Autonomous Electric Bus Launched ............................................................................................. 2 6

JK Tyre tryst with radial technology .......................................................................................................................................... 3 2

Hydrogen Clean Perennial Fuel for Automobiles ...................................................................................................................... 3 6

A Tourist Destination : Lonavala ................................................................................................................................................... 40

New technologies showcased at 2nd National Workshop & Exhibition on FAME India ...................................................... 48

Henkel India Innovation Centre emerges as world centre of gravity for innovation ....................................................... 49

Mahindra XUV500 gets push button start, passive keyless entry ....................................................................................... 5 2

Solaris and JBM group establish joint venture in India .......................................................................................................... 5 3

Daimler Buses presents City Bus of the Future ....................................................................................................................... 5 4

Double penalty for Traffice Violantion ........................................................................................................................................ 5 9

Successful year for Gothenburg's electric bus service ........................................................................................................ 6 0

Indian Auto Components Industry to grow 5X by 2026 .......................................................................................................... 63

Elon Musk 'Master Plant' Expands Tesla Motors into Electric Truck and Buses ............................................................... 64

Vol-7, No-80, August-2016

Baldev Singh Bal

BUS COACH INDIAAUGUST, 2016 05

t first, ban on the big diesel cars and SUVs in the National Capital Region and now Aa ban on fifteen years old vehicles have

put $10,000 crore worth of investment by the Giant Auto Manufactures under a cloud.

Toyota Motor Corporation has just halfway into its $1100 crore investment in a new plan in Jigani, outskirts of Bangalore. Toyota has taken a 15% hit in its business volume since then.

The Japanese who were considering India as a potential market to generate large revenues, are searching for the answer of this question: what is the future of diesel vehicles in India.

About $10,000 crore investment; some already made, some being planned – is now in a limbo as the auto industry wait for the Union Government's stand on the diesel fuel.

The Govt. of India The Supreme court and The National Green Tribunal are working in the opposite directions. While the Indian Government is trying to attract the foreign investment in India under the Scheme of “Made in India”. The Apex Court and the NGT knowingly or unknowingly discouraging the foreign investment.

The auto giant who have made big ticket investment to enhance the capacities of Making diesel engine and vehicles such as Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai Motors, Honda cars India, Toyota Kirloskar, Volkswagen India and Force Motors are a worry lot. While expressing the mood of this segment Mr. R.C. Bhargava, chairman Maruti Suzuki, said: “If people investing totally in accordance to the government's rules and regulations are not allowed to sell, what can you do? If a Company like Toyota or Mercedes Benz says we have lost confidence, and it also makes other MNCs question their future Investment'.

Ban on diesel vehicles has shattered the confidence of the foreign investor, it is clear. The investment that is in pipeline is in the pause mode. Approximately $9 to 10 billion of Investment is in a limo over diesel vehicle uncertainty.

To do something positive to control the pollution is appreciable. But, it should not be at the cost of automotive industry that is the Engine of Growth for economic development.

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ASHOK LEYLAND WINS RS 450 CRORE BUS ORDERS, EYES BIGGER MARKET SHARE

Ashok Leyland wins Rs 450 crore bus orders, eyes bigger market share Buoyed by its success in winning Rs 450-crore bus orders from state transport undertakings in the June quarter, Hinduja flagship Ashok Leyland is looking to step up its market share this year.

The Chennai-based firm has bagged orders for 3,566 buses from various STUs (state transport undertakings) so far this fiscal and these are to be executed within this year. "Sales to STUs account for about 30 per cent of our total volume. Last fiscal, we had a market share of 44 percent in the overall domestic bus market, which was around 41,000 units. With the orders that we have bagged from STUs, we are looking to enhance our market share further," Ashok Leyland Senior Vice-President (Buses) T. Venkataraman told PTI.

The company said in the first quarter of 2016-17, its share in the domestic bus market went up to 35.9 per cent as against 33.2 per cent in the same quarter a year ago. On growth prospects, he said: "The industry is expected to grow around 6-8 per cent. In the first quarter, it grew 6 percent, but Ashok Leyland grew faster at 12 per cent." Besides, the company has to deliver 2,000-odd buses under the JNNURM scheme by March 2017 as

per government instructions to STUs, he added. The demand from STUs comes on the back of the central government providing support through schemes like JNNURM, fleet modernisation programmes and their partnerships with private operators, he added.

JBM AUTO FORMS JV WITH POLAND'S SOLARIS FOR ELECTRIC BUSES

Auto component manufacturer JBM Auto announced a joint venture with Poland's Solaris Bus & Coach SA for manufacturing electric and hybrid buses.

The company entered into a joint venture agreement on July 14, 2016 with Solaris Bus & Coach SA, Poland, JBM Auto said in a BSE filing. However, it did not share the details of the newly formed partnership. Earlier this year in February at the Auto Expo, JBM Auto had unveiled a fully electric bus 'Ecolife' which was developed in partnership Solaris Bus & Coach.

The Ecolife will be manufactured in India using Solaris's technology. The vehicle will be powered by lithium batteries and run 150-200 km in 10-15 hrs of city bus operation.

Once it gets into commercial production, Ecolife will be the second indigenous mass public transport product from JBM Group, the company had said.

Solaris Bus & Coach is one of the major producers of city, intercity and special-purpose buses as well as

low-floor trams in Europe. It started production in 1996 and has sold over 14,000 vehicles across 30 countries. It has a factory at Bolechowo near Poznan.

NGT CALLS FOR IMPOUNDING DIESEL VEHICLES OLDER THAN 10 YEARS IN DELHI-NCR

National Green Tribunal again suggested that all diesel cars more than 10 years old and petrol cars more than 15 years old should be impounded in Delhi-NCR.

This comes just days after apex court reserved its order on a petition by automaker against the 7-month old ban on diesel vehicles above 2000cc.The automakers in their petition had asked for big diesel vehicles to be allowed again on payment of one percent of ex-showroom price as green cess.

The recent call by NGT for impounding of old diesel and petrol cars, if implemented, is expected to in-turn help increase the sales of automakers who have till now bore the brunt on the diesel ban.

NGT also said that it will issue direction for de-registration of vehicles older than 10 years.The tribunal asked the Delhi government to submit an action report on ban on plying of diesel vehicles over 10 years old and petrol cars aged more 15.

PUNJAB TO START RURAL BUS SERVICE AFTER SC ORDER

The Punjab government will soon re-start government bus services in rural

Through sensors that measure the temperature and pressure of the tires, Tirematics allows operators to always keep an eye on remotely and in real time the condition of the tires of the BRT bus, in addition to their position.

The data exchanged via a cellular connection allow you to maximize the efficiency of the service and improve the safety and comfort of passengers. In case of pressure levels or suspected temperature, the system initiates a signaling to the manager of the fleets, so as to prevent any accidents. With Tirematics becomes easier to monitor the state of the tires, without resorting to manual controls, thus lowering the fleet management costs.

NITIN GADKARI DIRECTS STATE CORPS TO IMPROVE ROAD ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES

Union Road, Transport and Highways Minister Nitin Gadkari on Tuesday urged the National Highway Infrastructure Development Corporation (NHIDCL) to improve the road engineering techniques being utilised by them in the country to ensure better quality and road safety. He said that there was a need for NHIDCL to adopt the international standards for road construction and use better technologies while executing projects.

"If we can improve road engineering then we can improve road safety. We need to adopt international road construction standards. Today the situation is such that we continue to have 5 lakh road accidents and over 2.5 lakh deaths due to poor road

infrastructures every year," said Gadkari, addressing the public, including the officials, at the second inception day of the NHIDCL, which was formed in July 2014. NHIDCL has been mandated by the ministry to construct over 4,000 km of roads in northeast and the hilly terrains of Jammu and Kashmir and Uttrakhand.

Highlighting that there was a delay in the completion of several Detailed Project Reports (DPRs), a process involving the planning of the roads before execution, Gadkari said: "The system has a problem. NHIDCL has seen several times delay in the preparation of the DPRs, which needs to be taken care of.”

"If the DPRs are so delayed then how much of time will it take for the execution of the work by the contractors. The system needs to be improved," he said. Among the other areas where Gadkari directed NHIDCL Managing Director Anand Kumar to do improvement included bringing down the cost of the construction materials and getting the roads contracts completed in time.

MERCEDES, ISUZU, AMONG 'MAKE IN INDIA' INVESTORS: GOVT.

Domestic and foreign companies like Mercedes Benz India, General Electric, Toshiba and PepsiCo have made investments under the government's 'Make in India' scheme between 2014 and 2016, Parliament was informed today.

"Investments have been made under the 'Make in India' scheme between 2014 and 2016 by domestic

areas of the state, a senior officer said. State Transport Commissioner Harmail Singh said that the decision to ply buses in rural areas, where is no or nominal bus service, has got nod of the Supreme Court which has dismissed two cases filed by the Punjab Mini Bus Association against the state government's decision.

The Punjab government had granted bus permits to Punjab Roadways, Punbus and PRTC (Punjab Road Transport Corporation) to ply buses in rural areas where no such service existed. But the Punjab Mini Bus Association had objected to the decision and approached the Supreme Court. This led to the Punjab government stopping operation of buses for rural areas, pending the decision of the apex court, the commissioner said.

"Now, the general public of rural area, students, old-age persons, children and those people, who have been given free travelling facility by the government, will prefer the service. People will easily reach their destination such as school, colleges, hospitals and their day to day routine work," he said.

TIREMATICS, THE BRIDGESTONE SOLUTION TO MONITOR THE FLEETS OF BRT

Brazil comes directly from the new Bridgestone solution Tirematics, created for monitoring the tires of the bus fleet used for the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). The new solution has been developed by the Japanese parent company along with Bridgestone do Brasil and the BRT operators in the city of Rio de Janeiro.


and foreign companies like Mercedes Benz India, International Tractors Limited, Jaya Montupet, Isuzu Motors, General Electric, Toshiba Transmission and Distributions Systems India Private Limited and PepsiCo," Minister of State for Finance Arjun Ram Meghwal said in a written reply to the Rajya Sabha.

The minister further said that after the launch of 'Make in India' campaign in September 2014, FDI inflows have increased by 46 per cent during October 2014 to May 2016, from USD 42.31 billion to USD 61.58 billion in comparison to the previous 20 months (February 2013 to September 2014). The 'Make in India' initiative was launched in September 2014 to make the country a manufacturing hub of the world.

MAJOR ORDER – EBERSPAECHER SUETRAK SUPPLIES AIR CONDI-TIONING SYSTEMS TO SAUDI ARABIA AND QATAR

Eberspaecher Suetrak, one of the world's leading manufacturers of air-conditioning systems for buses, has procured two new orders in Saudi Arabia and Qatar with EARADAT and Nasser Bin Khaled (NBK).

The two transport service providers are fitting a total of 102 of their EvoBus buses with the powerful AC 644 air-conditioning system, which is adapted specially to the harsh desert conditions. With such a major order, Eberspaecher Suetrak is furthering its reputation as a global system fitter for bus air-conditioning systems and is developing its connections in the Arab region. In the summer months, temperatures in Saudi Arabia and Qatar can often climb to well above 50°C. The extreme temperatures and high air humidity require specific adjustments to be made to the air-conditioning

systems to adapt them to the unusual weather conditions.

This is why Eberspaecher Suetrak developed the powerful AC 644 on the basis of the successful AC 136 G3 model, adapted to the challenging EvoBus specifications. Fitted with a special blower and motors, this air-conditioning system ensures draft-free, well-distributed air conditioning throughout the passenger compartment, despite the high temperatures outside. Its effective energy management makes the AC 644 particularly efficient when it comes to power consumption. The extremely robust components also guarantee high reliability and a long service life in the challenging climate conditions. With its compact dimensions, the roof-mounted air conditioning is suitable for numerous models and is easy to install.

“By developing this desert-capable air-conditioning system, we have demonstrated our expertise in developing air conditioning that meets specific customer requirements. We have also strengthened our business relationships with EARADAT and NBK and will be developing these relationships further in the Arab region,” explained Marc Schröder, Global Director Sales & Marketing, Eberspaecher Suetrak.

BYD AND ADL TO EXPAND EV BUS RANGE WITH 10.8 M MODELS

This shorter model, which meets the requirements of many UK operators both provincial and those serving London, will be able to carry up to 79 passengers, 27 seated. Kerb weight is

12.6 tonnes. Range under typical operating conditions (to UITP SORT 2 test conditions - drivers air conditioning on) is 179 miles with a recharge time of just 3.5 hours. Other battery power outputs and performance parameters will be available.

The first 10.8m model will be on show at the CENEX Low Carbon Vehicle event at Millbrook on 14 and 15 September. That model has been fully built by BYD but future vehicles will form part of the BYD partnership with ADL, which is bodying Chinese built powered chassis at its plant in Falkirk, Scotland. The resulting model is expected to be designated the BYD ADL Enviro200EV 10.8m and will be available in first half 2017. As with the BYD pure electric double decker, the Chinese original will evolve into a joint product drawing on the strengths of both BYD and ADL: BYD's Iron-Phosphate battery technology allied to ADL's lightweight body.

SWISS POSTBUS PUBLIC TRIAL WITH SELF-DRIVING BUSES

The PostBus vehicles – which are both self-driving and fully electric – were first unveiled in December, and have been used involved in tests on private land over the past few months. has marks the start of a programme that will see self-driving buses carrying passengers on Swiss public roads for the first time.

The test area taking place in a specified area of centre of Sion, the capital of the Valais canton, and will run until October 2017. Two shuttle buses will be used in the tests. “Safety drivers”, who will be on board the


shuttles on every journey, will assist passengers and they will be able to apply emergency brakes, if required. There will also be a “teleoperator” who runs the fleet management system and can stop the vehicles immediately on site or from a distance. The PostBus initiative to use self-driving vehicles on Switzerland's public roads for the first time could, perhaps, set a precedent that Swiss Post's other divisions may choose to follow.

US ENERGY DEPARTMENT INVESTS $14 MILLION IN ADVANCE HYDROGEN FUEL TECHNOLOGIES

The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced up to $14 million in funding for the advancement of hydrogen fuel technologies.

Specifically, these selections include advanced high-temperature water splitting, advanced compression, and thermal insulation technologies. These projects will accelerate American innovation in hydrogen and fuel cell technologies by supporting research and development and domestic manufacturing.

For cost-competitive transpo-rtation, hydrogen must be comparable to conventional fuels and technologies on a per-mile basis in order to succeed in the commercial marketplace. DOE's current target is to reduce the cost of producing and delivering hydrogen to less than $4 per gallon of gas equivalent (gge) by 2020 and $7/gge for early markets.

PROPOSAL TO KEEP INTERCITY BUSES OUT OF BENGALURU INTERCITY BUSES TO OUTER AREAS OF BENGALURU MOOTED

The Bengaluru traffic police have proposed that intercity buses be

restricted to the outer areas of the city. This proposal covers buses operated by the Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation as well as private ones, senior police officials said.

While the proposal submitted to the Karnataka government, if implemented, is expected see a reduction in traffic on the city's road, long distance travellers will need a robust transport network to reach the designated bus depots outside the city. Currently approximately, about 3,000 intercity buses, including those operated by private agencies and road transport corporations of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh, ply on the city roads.

During weekends and ahead of holidays, the Majestic area chokes as additional buses are deployed by all operators. Currently, private buses operate mainly from the Majestic area and Kalasipalyam, moving through densely populated areas to passenger pick-up points. The State-run buses are also operated from the satellite bus stations on Mysuru Road and Shanthinagar.

The satellite bus station at Peenya is partly operational, as the intercity services of the KSRTC, which lost business to private operators after moving to Peenya, have been moved back to the Kempegowda Bus Station at Majestic.

Confirming that the proposal had been put forward, Transport Minister Ramalinga Reddy said: “It is being discussed with the Transport Commissioner. We will have to look at

creating infrastructure for both private bus services and those of State-owned corporations on the outskirts before implementing these restrictions.”

Earlier this year, a five-day ban on entry of lorries and private buses into the city during the Invest Karnataka meet was cut down to three days following opposition from bus operators and commuters. However, traffic also remained smooth during those three days, officials said.

The Transport Department recently asked 182 stage carriage licence holders if they would divert their buses from entering the city. The licence-holders, however, opposed the idea.

AFGHAN RESISTANCE SUSPENDS DOSTI BUS SERVICE BETWEEN JALALABAD-PESHAWAR

Cross-border travelers are facing issues as bus service between Afghanistan's Jalalabad and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's capital is suspended for two months due to pressure by the Afghanistan government, reported Friday.

The bus service was initiated some eleven years ago between the two countries. Reportedly, breadwinners of over 1,000 families are out of jobs as vehicles are not moving on the said route.

Federal Joint Secretary, Firdous Alam and provincial Minister for Transport, Akhtar Nawaz had inaugurated the bus service in May 2006 which supported nearly 1,000 cross-border travelers. After tensions between the two countries were diffused at Torkham border, army and

BUS COACH INDIA 09AUGUST, 2016 BUS COACH INDIA 09AUGUST, 2016

other security agencies had permitted the movement through the service but some elements in Afghanistan govt. are resisting.

Sources said that at least 13 buses are parked and not functioning for two months. Unprovoked firing by Afghan forces at Torkham last month had claimed an army major s life. Tensions between the countries escalated as Afghanistan government opposed construction of a gate by Pakistan Army to check cross-border movement.

BOSCH'S CONNECTIVITY PLAT FORM TAILORED TO INDIAN MARKET

Bosch has developed a comprehensive connectivity platform that can reduce a vehicle's fuel consumption, foresee when maintenance is needed and display all information on the owner's smartphone.

In line with its “in-the-region-for-the-region” strategy, Bosch presented its Intelligent Transport Management System (iTraMS) at the Bosch Technology Exposition 2016 in Noida, India. Features of the system include tracking of vehicle location, condition monitoring and performance analysis. The flexible new Bosch solution works in passenger cars, commercial vehicles and off-highway vehicles. The iTraMS system is not only available in newly produced cars, but also as a retrofit solution.

“Bosch's iTraMS platform is a connectivity solution tailored to the

Indian market. It provides accurate vehicle information on your smartphone and can immensely reduce everyday driving cost,” said Bosch board of management member Dr. Markus Heyn, stressing the importance of local development. In addition, the key benefits of this platform include fleet management, essential and emergency services, off - road applications and intelligent transport solutions as part of smart-city solutions.

Another local development is Bosch's “e-Call,” which was developed with contributions from the Bosch India engineering team. According to Bosch, e-Call resonates with the company's “Invented for life” ethos. Vehicles equipped with the safety system trigger an automated emergency call whenever a crash happens. Using data-mining techniques, the solution considers variables such as real-time vehicle, accident and environment information to estimate the probability of severe injury.

SMART FORCE SENSOR

Design engineers can now rapidly evaluate and deploy new human-machine interface devices using Maxim Integrated Products' MAXREFDES82# smart force sensor reference design, according to the company. Typical weigh scales provide one dimension of information, downward force, whereas MAXREFDES82# provides both downward force and center of mass, by collecting responses from four load cells using the MAX11254 a 24-bit, six-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

This unique configuration, enabled by the highly integrated 24-bit ADC, provides second and third dimensions of information about whatever object presses upon it. The MAXREFDES82# is a new concept, operating as both a weigh scale and 3D touch interface in rugged environments.

ALL-ROUND VIEW CAMERA SYSTEM

The 360° Local Situational Awareness S y s t e m ( L S A S ) f r o m K T K Kommunikationstechnik and First Sensor consists of four digital HDR-CMOS cameras in specially adapted rugged housings and a software-based video processing unit.

The system approach enables easy integration into a wide range of military or civil vehicles. The robust, high-performance cameras from First Sensor feature a very wide dynamic range>100 dB for difficult lighting conditions and withstand the harshest environmental conditions such as cold, heat and permanent vibrations.

Easily integrated in various operating and image processing systems, the platform-independent, flexible area view software can be adapted to customer requirements. The LSAS also can be customized to a wide range of applications such as military and commercial vehicles, special vehicles, as well as agricultural, construction and mining machines. Pictured is the camera itself that is used in the LSAS.


hortly after the end of World War 2, the then president of SGreyhound bus lines, Orville

Caeser unveiled the prototype GX-1 double decker motor coach powered by twin rear mounted engines. The lack of luggage capacity prompted Greyhound to develop an extended length split level motor coach called GX-2 which General Motors built under the designation of PD-4501. Later developments in bus technology and in long-distance bus transportation now prompt a re-examination of GX-1 as a template for future development of a front engine, double decker intercity bus capable of offering increased luggage capacity.

Technical Precedents

The Van Hool model 925 that MegaBus has introduced on several North American intercity routes places the left side lower level passenger seats on a raised platform that is 2-steps above road level. It is at the same height as the lower level floor of a standard front engine, British built double decker bus of a bygone era. Several bus builders offer vehicles with transversely mounted rear engines that include an angle drive power train that connects to the rear drive axle. The angle-drive input to the rear axlesare offered at 10, 25 and 30-degrees from the bus center line.

In some cases, the differential may be an offset or side-pot design located with is center located at about 8-inches from the bus center line, with clockwise or right-hand rotation input from the rear. The input rotation

remains the same if the axle is rotated about its transverse center line to accept power from the front. On some buses with transverse rear engines with left side transmission and side-pot differential, the outer edge of the

driveshaft passes within a few inches of the left side of the inner left side tire.Forward Angle Drive:A bus built with left side-pot differential and 30-inch driveshaft (between U-joint centers) would result in the lead


Greyhound’s PEngine Double Decker Coach

rototype GX-1 a Template for a Future Front



U-joint being placed 12.5-inches to the left of the trailing U-joint, or 20.5-inches from vehicle center line. The combination of an aisle width of 19-inches, a structural member of 3-inches width under the left side raised platform and 8-inches diameter driveshaft, would provide 4-inches clearance between structural member and driveshaft. Standard U-joint operating angles of 3-degree could reduce the clearance to2.5-inches, with a shorter length of driveshaft further reducing clearance so as to make space for other equipment.

A double decker bus built with a raised platform on the lower right side would be restricted to a differential with an input of 80-degrees, or 10-degrees from the vehicle center line. A driveshaft of 42-inches would place the leading U-joint at 7.25-inches to the right of the trailing U-joint, or 15.25-inches from vehicle center with standard 3-degree U-joint angles shifting the leading U-joint to 17-inches and allowing 1-inch clearance between

8-inch diameter driveshaft and 3-inch wide structural member. Double decker coaches built with right-hand drive would feature the raised right side lower platform.

Tilting Rear Axle:

There would be scope to tilt the top of the rear axle forward, perhaps by 10-degrees to place the driveshaft at a lower level. For left side raised lower platform, the leading U-joint would be 50-inches ahead of the power axle and

could be lowered by 8.5-inches. For raised right side lower platform, leading U-joint would be 59-inches ahead of rear axle center line of 21-inches above road level and could be lowered by 10-inches. Placing the driveshaft at a lower level would provide easier maintena-nce access when the buses in the garage for scheduled upkeep.

Double Cardan Joints:

A pair of U-joints can be connected to form a double cardan joint that


operates as a constant velocity joint. Some heavy duty, all-wheel trucks feature double cardan joints built into the drive-steer axles, at the center of the kingpins. It is also possible to build a casing around a double cardan joint and use splash lubrication to keep the bearings operational for extended duration. The casing would also protect the bearings from contamination by water and dirt. Double cardan joints housed inside casings (CV-boxes) would be part of the drivetrain of a front engine, double decker motor coach.

The rearmost CV-box would be located under the raised platform and ahead of the rear axle and carry power through either a permanent 10-degree angle (right hand drive bus) or permanent 25-degree angle (left hand drive bus). Depending on the engine installation at the front, there may be a need for at least one or possibly 2-CV boxes located on the driveline behind the engine and under the staircase located immediately behind the driver. The CV-boxes would be free from noise and offer greatly extended service lives courtesy of continuous lubrication and protection from dirt and water.

Engine Installation

During the mid-1960's, French bus maker Berliet supplied several front engine double decker buses to Paris. A horizontally mounted MAN 6-cylinder engine with crank line offset to the left was located ahead of the front axle,

below the driver station that was placed on a raised platform across from the front door. In the UK, the front engine Bristol Lodekka carried the engine at a slight angle, next to the driver. Certain models of Bristol Lodekka, Dennis Loline, AEC Bridgemaster and Albion-Leyland Lowlander as well as the

Berliet placed the staircase behind the driver and partly above the gearbox. Horizontal (diesel) bus engines from MAN and Mercedes Benz tilt to the left and are suitable for installation under the driver and ahead of the front axles of left hand drive buses. Volvo offered horizontal bus engines of 10 and 12-litre displacement that tilted to the right and can be installed ahead of the front axles and below the driver in a right hand drive bus layout. Engines may be installed partly above the front axle, slightly tilted and slightly skewed with front overhangs of 42 to 48-inches, with driver seat cushion and backrest above a wheel well.

Front End Layout

The combination of modern sound insulation technology and sound wave cancellation technology could reduce interior noise levels. Some modern front-engine buses with setback front axle utilize bodywork that includes a

tilt-forward front section that incorporates the sound insulated engine cover. In the garage, the tilt-forward section provides excellent access to the engine. A tilt forward section at the front of a double decker bus would require a short single level section at the front of the vehicle, perhaps with a swept back aerodynamic profile above the lower level with front of upper level beginning behind the driver station.

A swept back aerodynamic profile above the lower level would be extended to buses with horizontal front engines placed below the driver and ahead of twin-steer front axles (15m and 50-ft buses). Extensive sound insulation would be installed above, to the side and to the rear of the engine compartment. Tilt-forward front section may be considered to improve engine access. Entrance doors would be located both ahead of and behind the twin front axles. The staircase and

luggage area would be located above the front axles as occurs on South American intercity double decker motor coaches.

Driver Area

Some designs of tilt-cab trucks with setback front axle place the driver's seat above the wheel well and next to the engine. This configuration may serve as the basis of the front end design of a front engine double decker motor coach with a single front axle. Some truck cabs include a bunk for the driver and serve as design precedent for the front of a front engine double decker coach that could combine a separate driver's door with access between the driver seat and the staircase of the passenger compartment in companies where 1-person operation prevails.

Buses with twin-front axles and horizontal front engine would place driver station on raised platform, with



upper level seating beginning above the leading front axle due to swept back, aerodynamic front end. Such front ends exist on 4-axle, rear engine intercity double decker coaches in Argentina and can be extended to buses with horizontal front engines. A separate driver-only door would be optional, as would a petition separating the driver from the passenger area. The bus could be designed for either one-person or 2-person operation, the latter including an onboard food area.

Rear of Bus

While the prototype Greyhound GX-1 was a 2-axle bus, an extended length 3-axle version was on the drawing board and appeared as the split level General Motors 'Scenicruiser' PD4501. A front-engine-over-the-front-axle double decker concept motor coach would be a 40-ft (12.2m) 3powered -axle bus, with single-tire non-powered, (lifting and self-steering) trailing axle placed behind the angle drive power axle. North American models would feature

a rear overhang of 120-inches (10-ft or 3m) between center of the trailing axle and rear of bus. Some jurisdictions allow 3.6m overhang from the trailing axle and other even allow 4.0m overhang.

Twin Rear Power

The larger 4-axle bus would feature the same rear section layout in regions where roads are free from snow and ice, with twin-rear powered axles for operation along low-traction roadways. A power divider built into the driveline ahead of the leading power axle could split the power into 2-propeller shafts,

one for each rear axle. To provide short term starting traction, a super-capacitor could supply power to an electric motor built into the 2nd powered rear axle. Alternatively, a tank of compressed air could supply starting power to an air motor built into the 2nd rear axle.

Conclusions

A modern, front engine double decker long distance bus with a low-level central aisle (gangway) that uses a conventional single reduction rear axle is possible and could offer greatly increased luggage carrying capacity in the rear luggage area. B

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NEWS


he automotive world is becoming more and more Tcomplex. Digitalization is

driving growth. Globalization, increasing competition and accelera-ting development are creating new challenges, and all of these trends are also changing the spare parts market. To show workshops how to get ready for the future, the international technology company Continental will be presenting a wide range of service solutions and products for the spare parts trade at Automechanika (Forum, Stand A03/05). On more than 600 square meters of exhibition space, under the banner “Different Ways. One Future.”, visitors will get to see products that are tailor-made for the special requirements of workshops. The range of OEM-quality products is huge: tires, brakes, remote diagnostics applications, diagnostic devices, tachograph testers, belt drive components and air springs.

Premieres: brakes for premium cars, water pumps

The products will be clearly arranged according to categories: power train and chassis, diagnostics, service and tools, truck solutions, and connected digital applications. There will be several premieres, including aftermarket brake discs for a number of mid-size and premium models and a diagnostic test device. Furthermore, the water pump from Continental is now also available as single part, which allows vehicles without a toothed belt drive to be equipped with high-quality water pumps from Continental. A new, compact frequency gauge, the Mini Belt Tension Tester (BTT Mini), provides a reliable and user-friendly means of setting the

correct tension in a belt drive. It was developed to deal with the tight spaces in complex modern belt drives.

More service through remote access to vehicle data

A special show at Forum, Stand A04, called “Tomorrow's Service &

Mobility”, will focus on digital applications for the connected workshop of the future. Here Continental will demonstrate how its remote data platform and augmented reality can simplify all aspects of cus tomer se rv ice , inc lud ing troubleshooting, reservations and repairs, while also enhancing

Continental Presents a wide range of solutions for tomorrow

New, compact frequency gauge: The Mini Belt Tension Tester (BTT Mini) provides a reliable and user-friendly means of setting the correct tension in a belt drive.

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workshop efficiency. Visitors to the trade fair will be able to see by means of a simulated case how a sensor defect can be quickly detected through remote data access and then rectified using innovative features such as augmented reality. In addition, Continental will be exhibiting remote diagnostics applications for business sectors such as car sharing and car rental.

Expanded line of air springs and new services in the commercial vehicle aftermarket

In the commercial vehicle aftermarket Continental has expanded its line of air springs so that workshops can find the right replacements as soon as they need them.

It will also be showing a demonstration version of a workshop portal for online marketing of VDO products and services. The portal will allow workshops to increase their visibility and gain access to new customers. At the trade fair there will also be a new version of the VDO Workshop Tab for tachograph inspection, which can perform service

functions for a wide range of manufacturers of both analog and digital tachographs and has new national certifications.

ContiSeal and ContiSilent for increased mobility, plus natural rubber made from dandelions

Continental is continually develo-ping

new technologies. Examples are ContiSeal and ContiSilent. ContiSeal reduces the consequences of damage to the tire tread. With its unique technology it immediately seals punctures up to a diameter of 5 mm, allowing the driver to continue on without stopping or changing the tire. ContiSilent is a foam layer on the inside of a tire that covers the entire area under the tread. It reduces interior noise in the vehicle on all road surfaces.

UsingContiSport Contact 5 P as an example, Continental will be demonstrating these two solutions in combination with a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS).

In addition, Continental will be presenting the first Winter Contact TS 850 P, a tire manufactured with a tread of pure dandelion rubber (Taraxagum). The natural rubber contained in dandelion roots is of nearly the same quantity as that in rubber trees and has the same performance characteristics. Moreover, dandelions grow in temperate climates, which means that transport distances to European tire factories can be considerably reduced.

Remote diagnostics solutions, as shown by Continental at Automechanika, offer various possibilities to improve the customer service. Drivers, for example, benefit from a quicker

detection of vehicle failures and a simple appointment booking.

Tires with ContiSeal technology reduce the risk of a tire breakdown. With their unique technology they immediately seal punctures up to a diameter of 5 mm.

NEWS

FIGURE 1: BYD ELECTRIC BUS IN BANGALORE

ata Motors today inaugurated a new state-of-the-art commercial Tvehicle dealership in Bikaner,

through a new partnership with Rajaram Dharnia Fourwheels. The new dealership facility will provide customers with a complete sale, service and spares experience, for Tata Motors commercial vehicles ranging from 0.5 – 11 tonnes, spread over 2,154 square meters, all under one roof.

Strategically located in Bikaner on NH 15, the new 3S facilities after-sales service arrangement has a capacity to cater to 18 vehicles a day. The facility is equipped with new state-of-the-art tools with nine service bays, two express bays and one accidental bay, staffed by professionally trained technicians. The facility is also equipped with amenities like drivers and technicians rest rooms, an environmental friendly effluent treatment system, a rain-water harvesting system, Wi-Fi connectivity and a vehicles display areas.

The new partnership between Tata Motors and Rajaram Dharnia

Fourwheels will also cater to customers in the Nagur district of Rajasthan, through another dealership branch.

Commenting on the occasion, Mr. R.T Wasan, Vice President, Sales and Marketing, Commercial Vehicle Business Unit said, “At Tata Motors providing our customers with best-in-class product ownership and reach is our priority and through this new partnership with Rajaram Dharnia Fourwheels in Rajasthan, we reiterate our commitment to do just that.

The new dealership here in Bikaner has been set-up to seamlessly integrate all stages of a commercial vehicle ownership – pre-sales, sales, and after-sales, for quick commercial vehicles turnaround and is equipped with state-of the art facilities and tools. Through this new partnership, we are well placed to cater to our customers' commercial vehicle operations here,


KEY HIGHLIGHTS

Ø New partnership to extend to Bikaner and Nagaur districts

Ø Inaugurates new one-stop facility in Bikaner catering to sales, service and spares of commercial vehicles

Ø Availability of vehicle financing, insurance and loyalty programs, including service contracts

Tata Motors appoints Rajaram Dharnia Fourwheels as new Commercial Vehicles dealer in Bikaner

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further strengthening our presence in Rajasthan.” Mr. Ramkishan Dharnia, Managing Director of Rajaram Dharnia Fourwheels, said, “We at Rajaram Dharnia Fourwheels are extremely delighted to partner with Tata Motors to offer the commercial vehicles customers in Rajasthan with a wide range of commercial vehicle products, service and an overall commercial vehicle experience. Through this partnership we want to make sure that our customers here get the right

vehicles and services, that not only match their needs and wants but the needs of their businesses too. We are very excited with this new opportunity. Our deep trust in the Tata Motors' brand is restated by our investment in this dealership.

At the new Tata Motors' dealership in Bikaner, customers can experience a host of primary and value-added services for Tata Motors' commercial vehicles. This new facility in

Bikaner, offers a contemporary-styled, hub for Sales, Service and Spare Parts and is spacious, for a comfortable buying experience. The dealership is also equipped with mobile workshops for 24×7 customer support. The dealership also has a resting facility for drivers.

At Rajaram Dharnia Four wheels, customers can also avail of financing options, loyalty programs, including full service contracts for an enhanced service experience.

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continue. “we have order from Ivory Coast which we have to execute this year. Our share of revenue from exports actually start going up”, he said. “On the medium term we are looking at one-third or one-fourth of revenues coming from exports in next five years”, he said.

Earlier commenting about the performance for the first quarter 2016, he said, the domestic sales volume grew by 18.5% to 22,961 units in both trucks and buses segments.“Our growth has been 18.5% against industry growth of 14.5%. Our overall revenue has grown up by 10% and EBITDA margin for the quarter ending June 30, 2016 has been higher at 11.2%,” he said. “Our profit after tax including exceptional item has grown at 101% and our debt equity ratio is very low at 0.3:1%,” he said.

induja Group flagship company Ashok Leyland has Hfirmed up its plans to

strengthen overseas presence as part of its vision to garner one-third of revenues from exports. The city-based heavy commercial vehicles maker is setting up an assembly facility in Kenya, another one in Bangladesh through a partner and also expanding its UAE unit, Ashok Leyland chief financial officer Gopal Mahadevan said.

“We have firmed up our plans to set up assembly plant in Kenya. We are going to invest there. We will start with 3,000 units (in terms of plant capacity). Investments, it is not going to take more than $5 million,” he told reporters. Stating that the exports were tad low in first quarter, he said, “it is only seven percent (revenues from overseas in April-June 2016 quarter).

We expect to catch up in second and third quarters”.

To a query, Mahadevan said, the Kenya plant would be ready in eight to 12 months. While the Kenya plant would assemble both buses and trucks, he said, the Bangladesh plant was to assemble trucks. “Our strategic (JV) partner will invest in Bangladesh unit. It should be ready in next four to five months”, he said.

On the Ras Al Khaimah unit in United Arab Emirates, he said, the company was looking at expanding up the facility to 6,000 units. “Our capacity expansion in there has been happening. It has gone up from 2,000 units to 4,000 units. Now we are looking at increasing it to 6,000 units per annum”, he said. He said Ashok Leyland's focus in Africa would

Ashok Leyland to


set up plants in Kenya, Bangladesh

NEWS


rench tyre manufacturer Michelin has announced the launch of its Ffirst television commercial in

India. Themed 'Safely Ahead' this pan India campaign with the iconic Michelin man will make its debut on Indian television channels soon.

The campaign, which has been produced for Television as well as for digital advertising, will highlight Michelin's ability to provide safer mobility for motorcyclists and scooter riders thanks to its technological know-how and its 125-year history of delivering landmark innovations.

The campaign centers around three elements that Indian riders

negotiate daily while using their motorcycles and scooters - Bad roads: dictate the fitment of robust tyres, Wet roads: require good grip, and Braking: stopping ability to minimise braking distances.

During the unveiling of the campaign in Mumbai India, Gary Guthrie President of Michelin 2-Wheel Tyre Division, said: "We recognize that the young generation of India today, are always mobile and desire better and safer performance from their bikes. Our Michelin Man, 'Safely Ahead' campaign illustrates how our two wheel tyres designed specifically for Indian riders, comes with unbeatable all-round safety, road-holding, braking

and overall riding pleasure that they expect from Michelin." He further added, "One of our strategic two wheel growth objective in India is to strengthen our position in one of the fastest growing markets in the world. The 'Safely Ahead' campaign is an effort towards achieving this key objective."

The TV advertisements will be seen on major national cable networks in India that would include general entertainment, movies and sports channels. It will also be aired on major regional channels across the country. The campaign was conceptualized by Publicis India. In Efecto, the French 3D animated film specialist executed the animation.

Michelin Tyre unveils its first TV commercial in Indiathe French 3D animated film specialist executed the animation.The campaign was conceptualized by Publicis India. In Efecto,

NEWS

ollowing a comparison between their buses equipped with a Fstandard automatic transmission

and one equipped with an Allison transmission featuring FuelSense® Max, Public Transport Enterprise No. 4 experienced fuel economy improve-ments of 11 percent.

The NefAZ З5299-30-32 with a fully automatic Allison T310R transmission utilizing a FuelSense® Max package was tested in real service for a city route. FuelSense is a set of unique packages of software and electronic controls designed to improve fuel economy.“During two days of testing, the bus with the Allison transmission made eight rounds daily (309 km total), consuming 112 liters of diesel fuel,” said Ruslan Suleymanov,

deputy service and warranty director for Public Transport Enterprise No. 4. “A NefAZ bus with the standard automatic transmission driving the exact same daily route consumes 11 percent more fuel. The test showed that the Allison transmission provides a daily fuel reduction of 16 liters. On average, fuel consumption decreased from 41 to 37 liters per 100 km.”

At the beginning of the comparison, the mileage of the NefAZ bus equipped with a Cummins diesel engine and standard automatic transmission was 223,045 km. The Allison transmission was installed and the NefAZ bus has now accumulated an additional 110,000 km. “The Allison transmission only requires an oil change every 240,000 km and a filter

change every 120,000 km,” said Suleymanov. “With similar mileage, the buses equipped with the standard automatic transmission requires two oil and filter changes.”

Another advantage of Allison transmissions is a prognostics system that monitors key diagnostics information and provides the driver with in-vehicle alerts. This eliminates unnecessary oil and filter changes, providing additional cost savings. “The shift selector digitally displays key data, including oil level and status and a lot more, which is very convenient for the bus driver and maintenance specialists,” said Suleymanov. “Furthermore, drivers reported that the NefAZ bus with the Allison is much more comfortable.”


Allison Transmission ReduceBus Fuel Consumption by 11 Percentwith ‘Fuel Sense Technology in Kazan’


oday, a lot many technological startups have joined the race for Tinventing autonomous vehicles.

Even the internet giant like Google is currently working on an autonomous car project called Google car. To add to the competition, Local Motors has come up with public transportation solution called Olli.

This self-driving bus Olli has been brought out by IBM's supercomputer platform Watson in partnership with Arizona-based Local Motors.

It is a bus that drives itself as in it accelerates, brakes and steers, and the driver has no role to play in monitoring, supervising and other

operation of the vehicle. Olli will be hitting the roads in Washington, DC first, then Miami and finally Las Vegas towards the end of this year. The new vehicle was launched at the glorious opening event of the new Local Motors facility in National Harbor, Maryland. Local Motors is preparing to test the bus in cities outside the United States such

Olli, the First 3-D PrintedAutonomous Electric Bus Launched

NEW TECHNOLOGY

as Berlin, Canberra and Copenhagen.

Local Motors CEO and co-founder John B. Rogers said in a statement, “Olli offers a smart, safe and sustainable transportation solution that is long overdue. Olli with Watson acts as our entry into the world of self-driving vehicles, something we've been quietly working on with our co-creative community for the past year. We are now ready to accelerate the adoption of this technology and apply it to nearly every vehicle in our current portfolio and those in the very near future. I'm thrilled to see what our open community will do with the latest in advanced vehicle technology.”

Just like Uber, Olli can also be booked via app and can also be paid via the app.

What makes the vehicle unique is that, most of its components are printed on a 3D printer and then assembled. Olli has 30 sensors that stream relevant data to and from IBM's cloud. It can carry up to 12 passengers.

Advanced vehicle technology of IBM Watson called Internet of Things

for Automotive helps improve the passengers' experience and allows them to have natural interaction with the vehicle while on board.

While in transit, passengers can communicate with the vehicle about various topics such as the

functioning of the vehicle, their destination, suggestions on restaurants and historical sites.

Self-driving vehicles sense surroundings with the help of radar, Odometry, lidar, GPS and computer vision. Advanced control systems


NEW TECHNOLOGY


interpret sensory information to find relevant navigation paths, as well as obstructions and appropriate signage. Self-driving vehicles have control systems that can efficiently analyse sensory data to differentiate between different vehicles on the road, which helps in planning a path to the desired endpoint.

A massively detailed 3D digital map and a proficient global positioning system (GPS) work in tandem so the vehicle lets the passengers know about their exact location and surroundings. This technology lets the vehicle know about temporary road signs, speed limits and alternative routes, and allows it to choose the quickest and the safest route.

With this, the self-driven car segment will become more aggressive. Apple's Siri has been the first and so far the most efficient voice control

NEW TECHNOLOGY


technology that changed the market trends completely. At present, Google Now, Microsoft Cortana and Amazon Echo Alexa are giving tough competition to Siri and they are likely to make very important moves in the near future in the auto industry. Olli has opened huge door to the new market. It can very well be presumed that Apple Car will be the top competitor for IBM's bus because of already existing cut-throat competition between them. Application of Apple's technology in China's most important ride-sharing company Didi Chuxing could prove historic in this.

The self-driving technology comes with benefits that cannot be matched with the technology of manual vehicles. For instance:

1. It helps in error free driving

The highly advanced technology behind self-driving bus allows the on-board computer to make hundreds of calculations within a second. These

calculations include finding the distance between bus and other objects, speed of the bus, behavior of other vehicles, and location of objects on the sphere. Driving errors have been completely eliminated with the help of these just perfect readings. So far, reports have only been about driving errors while human are behind the wheel. Since no drivers are involved, labour cost too comes down drastically. Drivers may be involved in other fruitful activities. Same labour, when used for other important purposes and developments would result in economies of scale.

2. Traffic jam can be controlled in a much better way now

Self-driving vehicles help ease congestion as they are hardly involved in accidents. Also, since self-driving vehicles can talk to each other, they would eliminate the requirement of traffic signals. Slower driving with lesser stoppages helps in better coordination of traffic leading to lesser

congestion. Use of self-driving buses by car owners also brings down a number of cars on road considerably.

3. No more parking woes

In case of a highly populated area, the bus may not need to stop. It may just take rounds till it finds a place for itself to stop or park. This can reduce parking concern in crowded areas such as shopping complexes and small societies.

4. There is great potential for great designs

As the vehicle depends on technology rather than human for driving, the potential for new design is immense. Self-driving vehicles can have numerous new ways for relaxation and entertainment for passengers. Human can spend more time on designing interiors and exteriors of the vehicle. The buses may even be made to look and feel like living rooms so that one relishes his journey to the fullest till he

NEW TECHNOLOGY

Prasan FirodiaMD, Force Motors


finally reaches his destination. Since it is a driverless vehicle, technicians may even decide to rearrange storage space for various mechanical parts.

This can result in highly efficient and powerful engine. With the

capability of 'no driving errors', the bus is capable of moving at a reasonable good speed. Nothing in the world is just perfect. Autonomous technology too comes with risks that can be handled well if dealt with proper care. Some of those risks are:

1. Creating and maintaining maps for self-driving vehicles is a complicated task

For an instance, when Google had to test a self-driving car in a new city, its employees had to first drive the vehicles all across the streets manually to build a rich and detailed 3-D map of the area. Rotating Lidar camera on the car's roof emitted laser pulses to measure its surroundings, and the people on Google's mapping team then looked into the data to classify different features such as crossings, driveways, intersections and fire hydrants. Lots of companies are constantly working on various types of autonomous technologies, one of them being partial autonomy.

2. Social interactions with robots may not be easy

An even bigger obstacle is that driving is an extremely social process that

NEW TECHNOLOGY


requires frequent thoughtful intera-ctions with other drivers, riders, and pedestrians. In such situations, humans rely on generalised intelligence and common sense that robots still very much lack.

To deal with the toughest situations, companies may end up settling on a compromise, i.e. the self-driving vehicles may hand over control back to humans when the computer is unsure about what to do.The huge drawback to this approach is that shared control can prove to be much more dangerous. For example, it would not be possible for human inside the vehicle to suddenly take control of vehicle while is just about to crash.

3. Bad weather makes things trickier

What adds to the challenges is the fact that weather still poses a great

challenge for self driving vehicles. Just like our eyes, car sensors too don't work well in fog or rain or snow. Therefore, companies are currently trying and testing their vehicles in locations with benign climates, like Mountain View, California — and not, say, up in the Colorado Rockies.

4. Many countries need regulations to ensure safety of automated vehicles

Well, this is not a technical problem at all. It is rather political. Many countries are yet to approve its use. Their main concern is how safe these vehicles are. Though some parties may be in favour of technology, while some not. Many companies may not be able to justify to the level desired by authorities.

5. Cyber security can be a major issue if not dealt with smartly

It is very important for manufacturers to

be hundred percent sure that their vehicles would not be hacked at any cost. With the vehicles getting more intelligent and automated, it is even easier to disrupt its functioning. Self-driving cars may even be used by terrorists for loading with explosives and use it as bombs.Though it is a major problem, but it can be solved easily as software companies have been constantly working on the issue for quite a long time.

6. Costly

Nothing is free in the world. We get only what we pay for. Self-driving vehicles are loaded with high-tech features. Technology in itself is extremely expensive. Generally, technology becomes cheaper as it remains available to the public for a longer period. Therefore it can be assumed that technology will become affordable in near future.

By : Sapna Madan

NEW TECHNOLOGY

INTERVIEWINTERVIEW

ivek Kamra, JK Tyre President, with an over 25 years of Vexperience, foresees bright and

steady future for the company in tyre industry segment.

He holds a B. Tech degree from IIT Mumbai and did Business Management from XLRI, Jamshedpur. He has also attended a Senior Leadership programme at INSEAD – France. Prior to joining JK Tyre, Kamra served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Nat Steel Holding Pte Limited

BUS COACH INDIA AUGUST, 201632 BUS COACH INDIAAUGUST, 2016 33

JK Tyre tryst with radial technology

Vivek Kamra, President, JK Tyre

based in Singapore. In a candid chat with Bus Coach India magazine, he talks about the current market growth and future of tyre industry.

Q: What challenges do you have in the market place?

A: The Indian Tyre Industry is a vibrant segment of the Indian economy and acts as wheels of the entire road transport sector of India. The country should be proud of the success that the tyre industry has achieved with several

home grown companies now reaching global size and reach. The tyre industry is a highly competitive sector and has been witness to evolution of many players over the last few years. Today our challenges include.

a) Moving from key manufacturing centric / sector towards customer facing service oriented company. Rules of buying are continuously changing.

b) The invasion of Chinese tyres in the market has posed a threat for the Indian

Tyre Industry. Import of these tyres has been eating away the share of local manufacturers over last few years.

Q: What products for the commercial vehicle industry do you offer?

A. We have taken a multi-tier product approach to meet customer's demand in different segments namely premium, economy and cost conscious. Premium range is being marketed under JK Brand whereas Vikrant and Challenger brands are for Economy and cost conscious segment. Our flagship products JDE and JUH5 are the best tyres in their

rdcategory. We are also working on 3 generation tubeless tyres for commercial vehicles. These tyres will be made available in the coming years.

Q: How do you look at the industry growth especially in commercial vehicles?

A: Industry has registered good growth in past few years and the estimates are that growth will continue in the near future as well, based on the country's economic growth. In the commercial vehicle segment, we will grow substantially in the coming year. Last year, we grew faster than the industry average. The revenue numbers might show tepid growth however growth in number of tyres sold is for more than the industry average.

Our current growth rate will be sustained in the coming years with strategic expansion, tactical acquisition and venturing in to new segments like

2-3 wheelers. We are keen on capturing more market share in Truck Bus Radials to maintain our leadership position. We are also modernising our services through large scale IT enablement. Our aim is to offer total solution to all our customers including Tyre Care, Retreading and a wide network spreading the Indian Highways. We have tyre service centres called “Truck Wheels”

throughout the country to help our customers avail of customised service, anywhere in India.

Q: What is your view on Chinese tyre? Are they reliable?

A: There are a few good Chinese tyres.

Today 40% of the replacement market has been taken up by the

INTERVIEW


Chinese tyres only because of low initial prices. There has to be some sensibility to the prices at which you can produce and sell tyres. Chinese tyres market share has grown by 25% in Indian market in 2015-2016. I hope there will be some policy decisions on Chinese tyre imports within the next 3-6 months to enable fair competitive healthy trade practices.

In terms of total benefits like CPKM, re-treading, post purchase service, we offer better value proposition than these low cost tyres.

Q: How does JK tyre find working with the vehicles manufacturers?

A: We supply tyres to almost all OEMs operating in India. All the automotive manufacturing companies are very demanding. OEMs like Tata, Ashok Leyland, MSIL, Renault Nissanare very progressive and dynamic. JKis proud to be a part of their key supplier base. We have areasonable market share in the OE segment. They continuously encourageus to improve our products and in fact most passenger car tyres are designed specific to a vehicle.

times more than Bias tyres. The economy has been continuously growing so as the tyre demand.

Network expansion through several alternate channels is our focus area to increase our reach, at the same time penetration into existing network with innovative product offerings will boost our growth.

Our new venture in 2/3 wheelers segment will bring in additional revenues and will contribute to overall growth.

Q: The raw materials cost are rising. What impact do you see on your operating margin? Do you have any long-term contract with the suppliers?

The rising raw material costs will certainly impact the operating margins. We will make efforts to reduce the impact by improving the productivity and efficiency. However, if impact is substantial, we will have no other option, but to increase the selling price of the tyre. We do have so as long-term contracts with each suppliers. However, prices for tyres are negotiated periodically with most OEMs.

Q: As you are leading manufacturers of tyre in India, how would you define growth of JK tyre?

A: We have been continuously growing for the last one decade. The life of tyres has been improved the last 10 to 15 years with technological improvement. Radial tyres run almost 2

INTERVIEW


Q: What has been growth of JK tyre?

A: I can say we are growing continuously over the years. From Rs 2000 crore to Rs. 7700crore. We plan to be @ Rs 10000 crore in near future. As far as JK Tyre is concerned, we are banking on best-in-class manufacturing, products with best value offerings, best in class service to meet customer's demand.

Q: What are the products in pipeline?

A: Both for Truck and Bus we have a product pipeline to offer best in class products with high CPKM, high fuel efficiency and better re-treadbility.

Q: What factors influence the design and development of a tyre?

A. The factors that influence the tyre design are Vehicle design by the OEMs; Continuous changing customer demands ; Manufac turab i l i ty ; Competitive environment Compounds; materials and statutory norms and regulations.

Q: What is JK Tyre's R&D facility like?

A. We have three R&D units operating in Mysore, Chennai and Udaipur. JK has invested in a state of the art R&D Centre in Mysore which will house the best tyre research & testing facility in India. This centre will be inaugurated very soon. Our technology and R&D centre run from here. We supply to all the major markets as of now. Most of these tyres are sold in the market. We are already supplying to some OEMs in United States from our Tornel, Mexico facility.

Q: What is the USP of the Company?

Continuous innovation and state-of-the-art technology backed by a strong customer focus are the mantra of success at JK Tyre, and this has given us a clear competitive edge over our competitors. JK Tyre pioneered the radial tyre revolution in India two decades ago, and ever since then, we have been riding the technology ladder. We offer the entire range of 4-wheeler radials, i.e. Truck & Bus, LCV,

Car, and Jeep and agriculture sector. Envisioning the need for products to cater to changing freight & passenger movement patterns on superior vehicles running on the fast improving road infrastructure, JK Tyre has always been a leader in the Indian Tyre Industry. The company has deployed significant resources in developing the market and educating the customer on the value proposition of truck and bus radial tyres. Backed by an all India service network along the national highways, JK Tyre is all set to drive yet another radial revolution in the country.

Q: Who are other major players in the tyre Industry, apart from JK Tyres? What is the share of your company in the total market share?

A: Apart from JK Tyre, MRF, Bridgestone, Apollo & Ceat can be categorized as other dominant players in Indian Tyre industry, others being Goodyear and Birla. Put together, they represent around 75% to 80% of the Indian tyre industry.

By : Santosh Sharma

ALTERNATIVE FUEL

nternal combustion engines, over a period of time, have proven to be Iindispensable to transportation

sector. Unfortunately the safe survival of these engines has been put to question by the twin problems of fossil fuel starvation and rapid environmental degradation. Some of the non-petroleum fuels such as Ethyl alcohol. Methyl alcohol. Gasohol, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Propane, Biodiesel, DiMethyl Ether (DME), biogas, producer gas and a host of others have been tried in different countries for vehicular application to certain degrees of success. The broader objective has been to identify renewable and environment-friendly substitutes to petroleum fuels.

Hydrogen has an infinite source potential and extremely “clean-burning “characteristics. Thus it ensures an eventual freedom from energy-environment crises. An integrated approach to hydrogen energy technology involves an elaborate discussion of the production, storage, transmission and utilisation of the fuel. The environment compatibility and the safety aspects are also of significance. A detailed discussion on all these aspects goes beyond the scope of this paper.

As far as production potential is concerned, the basic resource of hydrogen is recyclable in completely natural means. It starts with molecule of water being split using any fossil or non-fossil source (such as nuclear,

solar, wind and organic waste etc) and upon combustion it produces water vapour as the major exhaust which ultimately goes back to the biosphere from where it had come.

The discussions here are restricted to use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel in internal combustion engines While considering hydrogen as a substitute fuel for automobiles, it is important to discuss the implication of s o m e t y p i c a l c o m b u s t i o n characteristics of hydrogen fuel when it is used in IC engines/automobiles. Minimum ignition energy, wide range of flammability limit, high flame speed and quenching distance are some of the specific properties which need to be very judiciously monitored to


CLEAN PERENNIAL FUEL FOR AUTOMOBILESHYDROGEN


achieve the striking features in improved thermal efficiency and “almost zero emission” characteristics of hydrogen engine.

Hydrogen molecule being the smallest and lightest in the nature diffuses rapidly through air and goes to incombustible proportions almost instantly. Moreover, because of low emissivity, radiation hazards from hydrogen-air fire are much less as compared to that from a hydrocarbon fire Wide flammability range of hydrogen (4% to 75% by volume) provides an effective means of “quality governing”.

Thus the engine power can be controlled by varying hydrogen-air ratio of the mixture and thereby pumping losses associated with throttling are eliminated. Hydrogen is combustible over a wide range of equivalence ratio (from an ultralean mode to a little above stoichiometric) Unthrottled engine operation at high compression ratio and low equivalence ratio results in higher thermal

efficiency. The noxious pollutants such as unburnt hydrocarbon, CO, particulate matter, sulphur oxides, smoke etc are intrinsically absent in hydrogen combustion in engines vehicles. NOx is the only pollutant of concern which can be drastically reduced by using low w equivalence ratio or adopting exhaust gas recirculation.

R&D activities in IIT Delhi in the area of hydrogen fuelled IC engine is being pursued for over three decades. Over the years several hydrogen engine configurations have been developed which have demonstrated high performance and low emission characteristics of hydrogen engine minimum ignition energy required for ignition of hydrogen is an order of magnitude lesser than that of gasoline. This property ensures prompt ignition and the automobile needs a lesser sophisticated ignition system. On the other hand this property makes the system susceptible to surface ignition which can result is backfire, pre-

ignition and rapid rate of pressure rise. As is widely reported, backfire has been the major stumbling block to the growth of hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines vehicle. The intensity of backfire has resulted from a simple misfire to total devastation of the engine test rig. Hydrogen flame is invisible and odourless.

Therefore In fact, in the initial phase of hydrogen engine research, backfire had caused severe damage. Subsequently the frequency and intensity of backfire has been reduced by lean operation, exhaust gas recirculation and fuel injection.

Active research in the Indian institute of Technology, Delhi spanning over a period of close to three decades has shown that Fuel induction technique is extremely critical for consistent smooth engine operation. A wide range of fuel induction options ranging from simple carburetion to high –precision direct cylinder injection have been exhaustively investigated and it has been observed that an

ALTERNATIVE FUEL


appropriately designed Timed manifold injection (TMI) is the most reliable and effective.

A TMI-operated engine practically embraces the benefits of both the spark ignition engine and the diesel engine as it can adopt diesel-like quality governing and match the diesel engine thermal efficiency and at the same time can develop specific output of an SI engine. Direct cylinder injection, by definition, precludes the possibility of backfire. But in this case, the injector has to survive the severe thermal environment of combustion chamber at the end of compression stroke.

R&D activities in IIT Delhi in the area of hydrogen fuelled IC engine is being pursued for over three decades. Over the years several hydrogen engine configurations have been developed which have demonstrated high performance and low emission characteristics of hydrogen engine. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has been supporting the R&D activities at IIT Delhi for all these years. As is well-known, MNRE has prepared a National Hydrogen Energy Road Map for the country which identifies the path to a gradual introduction of Hydrogen Energy in the country, accelerate commercialization efforts and facilitate creation of Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure in the country.

HYDROGEN-FUELLED THREE WHEELERS

Extremely encouraging test results along with the confidence of handling a temperamental environment-friendly renewable fuel gave the impetus to carry the technology from lab to land. IIT Delhi had submitted a proposal to UNIDO for developing hydrogen-fuelled three wheelers for transport sector. The project which was selected from amongst a number of proposals and funded by UNIDO. Mahindra and Mahindra, joined hands with IIT for the execution of this pioneering project. Indian Institute of Technology

(IITD) was the DELHY-3W project co-ordinator. Exhaustive tests were conducted in Mahindra's vehicular engine in the lab and varying operating conditions were optimised. IIT Delhi offered the technical expertise to convert the internal combustion engines to run on hydrogen. Mahindra and Mahindra developed the vehicle with all necessary modifications in the engines, safety systems, fuel tanks and fuel lines.

Air Products USA offered vast experience and became a project partner providing the hydrogen refueling station. ITPO authorities

The Hydrogen Powered Mini Bus Developed under the Mission Mode Project

Hydrogen Powered Multi-Cylinder Engine Test Bed in IIT Delhi

ALTERNATIVE FUEL

By : L M Das


offered all possible assistance and thus the World's first fleet of hydrogen-fuelled 3-wheelers were launched in Pragati Maidan in New Delhi on January 9th 2012 sponsored by the U n i t e d N a t i o n s I n d u s t r i a l Development Organization (UNIDO). MNRE was a constant source of inspiration all through this project and was closing observing the progress of this project.

After the first phase of project sponsored by UNIDO was over, the second phase of continued field trials of 15 Hydrogen powered three wheelers' has begun with funding from Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE Government of India). An extensive long term field trial of has been targeted with vehicles being used for ferrying passengers and goods at PRAGATI Maidan in New Delhi. NOx which happens to be the only pollutant of concern from the hydrogen engine has been restricted to less than 100ppm by lean operation strategy of the vehicles.

Some photographs depicting the inauguration of the hydrogen-fuelled three wheelers and also the type of vehicles. The project activities have attracted international attention. It has been published in International Journal of Hydrogen energy and discussed in European Association of Hydrogen energy and World Hydrogen Energy conference.

After the resounding success of the hydrogen-operated three wheelers IIT Delhi and Mahindra moved ahead with the objective of developing a multi cylinder vehicular engine. A Mission Mode project en t i t l ed “Deve lopmen t and Demonstration of hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engines for vehicles” sponsored by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE) is being operated by Indian Institute of Technology(IIT) Delhi in collaboration with Mahindra & Mahindra. The broad objective of the project is to develop

appropriate technology for hydrogen fuelled multi-cylinder vehicular engine and subsequently demonstrate the prototype mass transport vehicle after detailed testing, field evaluation and demonstration trials. A Mission Mode project entitled “Development and Demonstration of hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engines for vehicles” sponsored by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE) is being operated by Indian Institute of Technology(IIT) Delhi in collaboration with Mahindra & Mahindra. Under the project it is proposed to develop two hydrogen- fuelled multicylinder vehicular engines which will be ultimately used to power M&M Touristor Mini Bus. . The multi-cylinder engine chosen for this project is Mahindra & Mahindra Mustang engine. It was a typical diesel engine used in M&M vehicles with compression ratio (CR) of 17. M&M had modified version of this engine for CNG operation.

However, in view of the high auto-ignition temperature of hydrogen, the compression ratio has been restricted to 12. The initial phase of the project involves engineering and

overall integration of hydrogen engine system (electronic control unit, injection timing, injection duration equivalence ratio and spark timing etc) and evaluation of the optimum performance and exhaust emission characteristics of the engine in the test bed in IITD lab. The lab tests on engine system development are being carried out to meet Euro –V emission norms. The picture below demonstrates the experimental test rig installed at IIT Delhi.

The significant phase of activities of developing the prototype vehicle has been carried out in Mahindra. The optimized parameters generated during long term tests have been very meticulously integrated into the vehicle. Development of the vehicle on the basis of lab results and putting the vehicle to road test is a very significant challenge which has been successfully done by Mahindra and the vehicle is being field-tested.The outcome of this project is extremely significant in Indian context where the vehicular pollution in the major urban area has been a problem of concern .Buses are one of the most common transport systems in the country.

Fleet of Hydrogen Powered Three Wheelers (DELY3W’s)

Hydrogen Powered Cargo DELHY undergoing Hydrogen Refuelling

ALTERNATIVE FUEL

A tourist destination

LonavalaLonavala


onavala is famous throughout India for the hard candy sweet Lknown as chikki. Lonavala has

been blessed with valleys, hills, Milky Water Falls, Lush Greenery and pleasant cool winds. The morning sun rising over here appears as if it is sprinkling rose water all over. Chirping birds gently awaken oneself and all of this makes it a really Good Morning. The whole place is covered with a thick blanket of fog early in the morning; this is how the day begins here.

Those living in Mumbai or Pune consider it a blessing indeed that they have the twin hill stations of Lonavla and Khandala almost a hop, skip and jump away. Perched high on the hill ranges that separate the two metro cities, both these places are known for their salubrious climate and the beautiful green cover they flourish during the monsoon.

Lonavla is about 64 kilometers away from Pune and 96 kilometers from Mumbai. Well known for its 'chikki' and fudge, it is also an important rail head on the Pune-Mumbai railway line and easily connected by road too with an

expressway running through it. Like other hill stations in Maharashtra, here too you will find 'points' that offer breath taking sights of the valley and the hills with tiny villages tucked in the folds. One of the best points, about 6.5 kilometers from Lonavla, is Rajmachi Point which commands a view of Chhatrapati Shivaji's famous fort, Rajmachi, and the surrounding valley.For picnics, Ryewood Park is the best place in Lonavla. This is an extensive garden that covers a lot of ground and is full of tall trees. There is an old temple dedicated to Shiva in the park. Another

hotspot with tourists is the Valvan Dam which has a garden at its foot. The dam supplies water to the Khopoli power station at the foothills of the Sahyadris for generating electricity. You can also visit Duke's Nose which is about 12 kilometers from Lonavla. This is popular with hikers and the cliff owes its name to the Duke of Wellington, whose ample nose it resembles.

Tiger's Leap, also known as Tiger's Point, is a cliff-top with a sheer drop of over 650 meters, giving an extensive view. Buses are available up


to INS Shivaji and the remaining distance of about 1.6 kilometers has to be covered on foot. Just around Tiger's Leap is a small waterfall active only during the monsoon. It serves the purpose of relaxing in the water better than Bhushi Dam as the force of the fall is higher.

If you travel to the Khandala hill station, one thing is for sure - you will fall in love with it at the very first sight. Infact, most of the people who stay in Mumbai also visit this hill resort on weekends, to forget the daily tensions and let their body as well as their mind relax and rejuvenate. Khandala has been blessed with nature's beauty in abundance. The natural splendor, combined with peaceful surroundings, makes the hill station the perfect holiday spot. Today, Khandala is counted amongst one of the most visited tourist destinations in India.

Bhairavnath Temple

Bhairavnath Devasthan is situated at a place called Dhak in Rajmachi. The primary deity of this grand old temple is Shiva in the form of Bhairav. The temple architecture is similar to Shiva temples

elsewhere in Konkan region. The temple is located in the backdrop of naturally thrilling forest regions. Soft breeze and cool ambience provide the premises of the temple a sacred atmosphere. The temple can be approached by a slippery path. Many small shrines for other Hindu gods and goddesses are also placed around the main sanctum sanctorum. Mahashiva rathri is the famous festival here on which day hundreds of devotees visit this temple with many offerings.

Bhaja Caves

Bhaja caves, second century old Buddhist caves, in Lonavala is rare Buddhist tourist destination. These caves encloses 18 rock cut caves constructed by Buddhist nuns and enshrines many sculptures like a prince in a chariot, a prince seated on an elephant, three armed warriors and dancing couples. All these sculptures are the specimen of Indian architectural age and the mastery in sculpturing.


The first cave is believed to be the residential place of the master of the caves, the next ten caves are Buddhist viharas with one cave contains the Chaitya hall. The rest seven caves are adorned with inscriptions including the details of the donor. A water fall is also located at the last of the caves.

Bushy Dam

Bushy Dam is one of the majestic picnic spots in Lonavala. The Dam is magnificent during the monsoons with water gushing out through the dam make exhilarating waterfalls. The Dam is located at the backdrop of scenic hilly terrains and lush green environments. This is a much sought weekend and vacation destination in Lonavala. Calm environment and cool atmosphere add the beauty of this site. Swimming is not allowed in this Dam.

Karla Caves

Karla Caves are the largest cave temple (chaitya) in India and is located in Lonavala. These rock cut caves are assumed to be built around 100 AD by Buddhist nuns. The marvelous ancient Karla Caves are presently a popular tourist destination to have a close look

at the ancient Buddhist architecture and culture. These caves exhibit Buddhis t ideologies through inscriptions and stupas.

The Chaitya hall is spectacular with 37 octagonal pillars with a base structure of a water jar and it has a special feature of the fade screen made out of teak wood. The entrance of the Chaitya hall is adorned with an arch in the shape of a horse shoe. Karla caves encloses Buddha viharas, where by the monks were stayed during their meditation period in the caves. The

cave encloses sculptures of elephants adorned with metal jewelries and ivory tusks.

Koli Temple (AaiEkvira Temple)

Koli temple, a temple of the Koli (fishermen) community in Lonavala, is located outside the main chaitya of Karla caves. The tribal Goddess AaiEkvira is the main deity here. The Koli tribes throng to this temple during special occasions like navarathri and chaitra. One can see the koli fishermen community populaces walking all



through the hilly terrains to reach the temple with festivities, Koli dances and folk music. Koli tribes offer animal sacrifices in this temple, they offer the sacrifice of goat or chickens and they believe that the tribal Goddess has majestic powers.

Koregad Fort

Koregad Fort is an individual fort in a hillock which is not connected to other hills in Lonavala Region. About one hour trekking expedition is required to reach the top. This hillock is credited with few ponds and magnificent picturesque landscapes. This fort stands alone with grandiose solitude. The fort is in ruins and most of the structures of the fort are not visible nowadays. One can get eye pleasing views of surrounding hilly terrains and other forts from the peak of this fort.

Lohagad Fort

Lohagarh, literally means Iron fort, is an important hill fort used extensively by ChatrapatiShivaji. It has a long history and was used by all dynasties who ruled Vidharbha and Maratha kingdoms. The fort is placed at an altitude of more than 1050 meters. This fort is situated on the Sahyadri ranges and divides the Pavna basin and Indrayani basin. The fort site is a fine

destination for tourist with interests in architecture, archeology and history. The actual date of original fort is not clearly known but the known records po in t s ou t some addi t iona l constructions such as a step well and big tank during eighteenth century. The ancient fort's four mammoth gates are still intact and are in good condition.

Manranjan Fort, Rajmachi

West part of the Rajmachi fort is Manranjan Fort. Its construction was strong so that no enemy could destroy it easily. The fort was built to have a watch on the plateau down the Manranjan hills. The fort has three entrances and also has a water tank at

the top of the peak. Presently the fort is in ruins and the government and local authorities are taking necessary steps to preserve this historical fort. The fort offers an excellent panoramic view of the plateau down. Fort is placed at the peak of the hill which is vibrant with thriving natural beauties.

Nagphani (Duke's Nose)

Nagphani, later known as Duke's Nose after Duke Wellington, is a cliff at Khandala near Lonavala. The Cliff is pointed like a snakes pointed head portion (hood) and hence the name Nagphani (Nag means snake and phani means hood).

The name Dukes'nose is derived as the cliff looked like the shape of the Duke. This is a marvelous picnic spot nearby Lonavala. Adventurous trekking is highly essential to reach the Duke's nose and the view of the downhill plains from this point is mind boggling.

Pawna Lake

Pawna Lake (Pavna Lake) is an artificial lake formed by the Pawna Dam built across the Pawna River nearby Lonavala. The lake attracts many tourists due to its imposing natural ambience and cool climate. From the dam site one can view the majestic sights of Tungi, Logagarh and Tikona forts.


Rajmachi Point

Rajmachi Point is located about 6.5 km from Lonavla. This point commands a view of Shivaji's famous fort, Rajmachi (Royal terrakouioce) and the surrounding valley. Regular State Transport buses ply between Rajmachi Point and Lonavla from the State Transport Bus Stand. The famous Vaghjai Dari is also located here.

Rajmachi Wildlife Sanctuary

The Rajmachi Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the picturesque locale surrounded by dense green forests. The wildlife sanctuary is on the foothills and hilly terrains of Western Ghat in Sahyadri ranges. The sanctuary offers the wildlife beauty in its pristine passion. This is a weekend destination for the nature loving tourists. The sanctuary encloses abundance of animals and birds. One major attraction here is the mammoth Indian squirrel. It is a rare place where one can spot the wild animals freely moving in their natural habitat. The landscape is enriched with rare species of herbs and plants. The location is very good for nature walks, trekking and bird watching.

Sausage Hills

Sausage Hills is one of the best picnic spots in Lonavala. This pristine hill is covered with dense forests and is the natural habitat of many varieties of birds. The Sausage hill is the perfect place for hill climbing, bird watching and trekking. Many trekking trails originate from Sausage hills and leads to other hilly terrains, forts and lakes. From this hill one can get eye catching views of Pawna Lake and Tunga Fort.

Scorpion's Sting (Vinchu Kata)

Scorpion's Sting, also known as Vinchu Kata, is a long and narrow fortified spur in the region of the Lohagarh fort which extends westwards of the Lonawala. This is a finger styled projection of fissure of Lava and the name scorpion's


sting due to its natural shape. The attractive beauty of the pinnacle of this hilly terrain is worth visiting.This trail is very fascinating for the nature lovers and trekkers. From this peak one can descend towards the Visapur fort. The peak offers long views of surrounding plains and lush green sceneries of the forests.

Shreevardhan Fort, Rajmachi

Shreevardhan Fort, an ancient fort spotted with the history of Maratha rulers, is situated to the east region of Rajmachi town. The construction of the fort is in Martha style architecture and the imposing entrance of the Shreevardhan fort is in a semicircular shape. The fort is built at the pinnacle of one of the peaks in Rajamchi, so that one can view the movements of the downhill region. The view from the fort is breathtaking with wide greenish landscape and undulating hilly terrains. The fort encloses attractive Buddhist caves and two water tanks with plenty of water all through the year. Bhairavnath temple adds the attraction of the Shreevardhan fort.

Tikona Fort

Tikona Fort, also renowned as Vitandgad fort, is a major hill fort in Maval region near the Lonavala. Tikona fort, literally means triangle fort, had witnessed many dynasties ruled in the Maratha region. This was the nerve centre of the many activities of entire MalwanPawna regions. The small hamlet close to the fort is Tikonapeth. The fort's mammoth entrance is a special attraction.The Tikona fort is a great trekking destination for the adventurous tourists. One can get the eye catching views of the Pawna Dam and the forts at Visaput, Tung and Lohagarh. The fort encloses a lake, Satvahan caves and the temple of 'TrimbakeshwarMahadev’.

Tung Fort

Tung Fort, also known as Kathingad, is

a fort in the peak (tung means peak) and is very difficult to approach. The fort is in the Mawal region which was ruled by Maratha kings. The fort is constructed at a height of 3500 feet and about 1200 feet hilly terrain are with steep ascents.

The Tung fort is a tough and rough adventurous trekking destination. One can start trekking to Tung fort from Phagne Dam in Pawna River. The tung fort has already ruined and only the

structure left was a temple dedicated to Devi Tungai. There are a lake and a cave at the fort region. From the pinnacle of the hillock, one can enjoy the majestic views of Laghghar and Visapur forts.

Visapur Fort

Visapur fort is located at an altitude of nearly 4,000 ft above sea level in Lonavala. One has to do a real trekking expedition to reach this historical fort. It

is believed that the fort is built centuries back and was thriving with many activities during the rules of many Maratha dynasties. Chathrapthi Shivaji was using this as a place to watch the movements in the downhill and the plains.

Presently the fort is in ruins and there is not much structure left in the fort. The scenic surroundings and the majestic panoramic views of the plains are the best attraction here. B

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New technologies showcased at 2nd National Workshop & Exhibition on FAME India

utomotive Component Manufacturers Association Aof India (ACMA), along with

the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises and Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) organised the 2nd National Workshop on FAME India on Friday, the 16th July, 2016 in New Delhi. In the event many auto component manufacturers and OEMs show-cased their new technologies which they plan to launch or use in the near future.

1. Green Fuel Energy : The company showcased Lithium Battery System in partnership with the Swedish counterpart. The company has complete capability for hardware design, embedded software and safety control system. The company has a battery brix offering that caters to the diverse requirements of customers. The USP of the battery is

that it can be upscaled or downscaled according to the need of the user. The company is assembling this battery in India and exporting it to the Sweden market. This battery can be used in e-scooters, e-bikes, electric cars, machine handling and various other applications.

2. Sona BLW Precision Forgings : The auto component manufacturer's new product as "Green Axle" with a power output of 1.5 kW. The component manufacturer further plans to enter three new segments such as Cargo, Off Road & Leisure and finally autorickshaw. For this, the company has is presently testing the axles for leisure vehicles and targets to come-up with a bigger capacity of 4.5 kW drive train for auto rickshaw segment.

3. Schaeffler : The mobility solution

supplier Schaeffler has a wide range of electric mobility products. The company has developed an extensive modular system for hybrid modules and electric axles. The company showcased products ranging from Hybrid Modules and the electric axle through to the wheel hub drive which can be integrated into the hybrid vehicles and all-electric cars. In total, for hybrids, there are five different architecture which are denoted by P0 - P4.

4. JBM Solaris : JBM Solaris showcased scale model of ECO Life 9 electric bus. The electric bus is low floor and 9 meters in length. The bus range can be tailored according to the requirement which further helps in the purchase and operating cost of the vehicle and the number of people that can be carried.

NEWS


INNOVATION

Henkel India Innovation Centre

enkel Innovation Centre located at the in-house Hcampus of the company in

Hinjewadi, Pune, is a world class centre and the first of its kind in the India, Middle East and Africa region. Thecentre is a crucible of path breaking research, which brings global innovation and expertise to the automotive sector in India. According to Dr Girdhari Kumar, Manager (Product Development), excellence is a passion at Henkel and runs deep in the company's DNA and also that of the employees. He further said that the launch of the centre is one of most important investment in the region and further strengthens Henkel's focus on the emerging markets.

The centre, which was officially launched on Oct 22, 2013, is

spread over a whopping 27,000 square feet and has been focusing on innovative technologies and solutions catering to customers from the automotive and transportation industry in South Asia, Middle East and Africa. Elaborating further, Kumar pointed out that the centre was strategically located in Pune city, which has emerged as the destination of choice for high end engineer ing des ign, product development and quality assurance.

Currently more than 1000 automotive suppliers and a large number of companies from the manufacturing sector are directly benefitting from the innovation centre. The state of the art centre also boasts of cutting edge technology and research lab being used to carry out high end research. The centre is equipped with

emerges as world centre of gravity for innovation

Dr. Girdhari Kumar

customer component testing facilities, dispensing systems, application training, product development and

engineering facilities which provides customers comprehensive adhesive


INNOVATION

centre also has customized training assistance programs and interactive sessions for customers to keep them abreast with the latest developments in sustainable solutions.

Commenting on the futuristic roadmap of the innovation centre, Kumar said, "Our structured approach focuses on extending complete value to our customers with introduction to new technologies and developments."

"Such initiatives involving the customer, increases optimization of adhesive usage and helps in creating competitive edge by positioning Henkel as a preferred partner," he added. The centre in run on the lines of the core philosophy of Henkel which believes that responding to customer needs is central to success.

The centre has introduced Value Drivers in Adhesive Techno-logies, which is a completely new

solutions. With a special focus on the automobile and metal industry portfolio, the centre lab is well equipped with simulated environment for automotive acoustic structures. The


INNOVATION

approach channel in powering innovation through optimum usage of new technologies and furthering a new thinking process. The centre has played a key role in building effective partnerships across industries based on mutual trust with relevant stakeholders.

It has helped customers enhance productivity and significantly reduce operational costs.

A dedicated team of product and application experts with sound product knowledge at the centre have

been devising adhesive solutions, optimal application procedures and demon-strating assembly performance under simulated work conditions from time to time.

As the world's number one in adhesives, sealants and functional coatings, Henkel has a strong footprint of R&D centres across the world. The Pune Innovation Centre has been contributing significantly towards Henkel's futuristic strategy. Henkel generates 45 percent of its total sales in emerging markets and 55 percent of its employees are in these countries.

The strategic investment in the Innovation Centre has helped Henkel strengthen its footprint in India and provide a wide customer base an access to global innovations and better solutions. By 2016, Henkel expects to grow sales to 20 billion Euros, of which 10 billion Euros is expected from emerging markets like India. The Innovation centre nurtures a strong mix of global expertise and local know how, which benefits customers across the whole region. By:

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NEWS

aunched last year, the automatic variant of the Mahindra XUV500 Lcame with all the features of its

manual counterpart. Surprisingly though, the passive keyless entry system and the push button start options were not offered. Now, M&M seems to have realised this oversight and have finally added the said features in the XUV500 automatic.

Just like its manual offering, the XUV500 automatic gets these features in its range-topping, W10 version. With the addition of these features, the top-end XUV500 automatic will now have request buttons on the front door handles. It

will also get a smart key in place of the common flip-out type key. The push button starter takes up some space on the console, which calls for smaller closable storage area ahead of the gear lever. Apart from these, the Mahindra XUV500 continues to boast all the standard features, such as 6 airbags, hill-hold and hill-descent control, 7-inch touchscreen infotainment system, projector headlights, ABS with EBD and an electric sunroof.

Talking about the SUV's mechanicals, it continues to get power from the 2.2-litre mHawk140 diesel mill, which generates a peak power of 140PS at 3,750rpm and max torque of

330Nm at 1,600-2,800rpm. It gets a choice of 6-speed manual or 6-speed automatic transmission. Besides front-wheel drive, it also comes with an optional all-wheel drive system. In order to cope with the 2.0-litre and above capacity diesel engine ban in Delhi, Mahindra is offering the XUV500 with a detuned 1.99-litre diesel engine.

Prices of the XUV500 starts at Rs 12.12 lakh, with its top-end variant costing Rs 18.17 lakh (ex-showroom Maharashtra). It will take on the all-new Toyota Innova Crysta which has been notching up good sales numbers for the Japanese company in India.

Mahindra XUV500 getspush button start, passive keyless entry

Just like its manual offering, the XUV500 automatic gets these features in its range-topping, W10 version. With the addition of these features, the top-end XUV500 automatic will now have request buttons on the front door handles.

NEWS

olaris Bus & Coach S.A. and Indian JBM Group have decided Sto establish a joint venture

company in India. The strategic goals of the cooperation are development, sales and service maintenance of vehicles with alternative powertrains electric and hybrid buses for the Indian market. The JBM Solaris joint venture will be based in Delhi NCR, India and will capitalize on the strong reputation Solaris has developed as a provider of mass city transportation solutions and

on JBM's strength in the area of design and development to suit Indian requirements.

The role of Solaris in the joint venture company is to develop, integrate and deliver components as well as know-how for the alternative propulsion systems to JBM. The first jointly manufactured vehicle will be launched after 12 to 18 months from now. The vehicles with alternative powertrains will be manufactured at the


production facilities of JBM in India, partially being based on Solaris's construction. JBM Auto Ltd. is the flagship company of the USD1.35 billion JBM Group. Solaris and JBM group establish joint venture in India. Solaris Bus & Coach is a major European producer of city, intercity and special-purpose buses as well as low-floor trams. Since the start of production in 1996, over 14000 vehicles have already left the factory in Bolechowo near Poznan. They are running in 30 countries.

ESTABLISH JOINT VENTURE IN INDIA

SOLARIS AND JBM GROUP

TECHNOLOGY


he world's biggest bus manufacturer, Daimler Buses, is Tsystematically extending its

technological leadership. The Mercedes-Benz Future Bus with City Pilot has driven autonomously for the first time on a route of approximately 20 kilometers in Amsterdam. On a section of the longest bus rapid transit (BRT) line in Europe, the bus drives at speeds up to 70 km/h, stops to the nearest centimeter at bus stops and traffic lights, drives off again automatically, passes through tunnels, brakes for obstacles or pedestrians and communicates with traffic signals. The driver is on board and monitors the system, but with a much easier task than before. Daimler Buses is the world's first manufacturer to put a city bus into automated operation in a real-life traffic situation.

Dr. Wolfgang Bernhard, Member of the Board of Management of Daimler AG for Daimler Trucks & Buses: “With our Highway Pilot, we showed nearly two years ago that autonomous driving will make long-distance truck transport safer and more efficient. We are now putting this technology into our city buses with City Pilot. The system is a further development of Highway Pilot, especially for big cities. It allows us to drive partially autonomously on specially marked bus lanes. This makes public transport safer, more efficient and more productive. More people can travel from a to quickly, punctually and in comfort. To the benefit of all: bus operators, bus drivers and passengers.”

Hartmut Schick, Head of Daimler Buses: “In addition to our strong product range, it's above all our technological competence and innovative strength that make Daimler Buses so successful worldwide. The Mercedes-Benz Future Bus with City Pilot once again demonstrates our

Daimler Buses presents


TECHNOLOGY

City Bus of the Future

TECHNOLOGY

maintenance costs, vehicle lifetime and availability.”

City Pilot for autonomous driving: fascinating technology enhances safety, efficiency and comfort

The first step towards fully automated driving with buses in urban traffic consists of BRT lines with separate

lanes. The Future Bus recognizes whether the route is suitable for automated driving and informs the driver accordingly. The bus driver then presses a button and City Pilot is activated. One condition is that the driver does not press the accelerator or brake pedal and does not steer, because any driver activity over rules City Pilot – the driver is always in

leading role in the bus business. We will claim this position also in the future. That's why we are investing approximately €200 million in the further development of our city-bus portfolio. The advantages of City Pilot for our customers are clear: Our Future Bus operates fuel efficiently and with minimal stress on the engine. That has a positive impact on operating and



charge of driving and can take over at any time. City Pilot comprises current assistance systems, those used in

Mercedes-Benz coaches for example, as well as additional systems, some of which have been taken over from Daimler Trucks and further developed for urban traffic. The equipment includes long- and short-range radar, a large number of cameras and the satellite-controlled GPS navigation system. The intelligent connectivity of the cameras and sensors is pioneering, and allows a precise picture of the surroundings and the exact position of the bus.

On the road in the Mercedes-Benz Future Bus with City Pilot

Take Amsterdam as an example: signals from special traffic lights ahead of the bus. Two red lights next to each other mean stop, two white lights one

above the other mean go ahead. The white lights come on and the bus starts gently and follows its lane. City Pilot recognizes the traffic lights with its sophisticated camera system.

In addition, the vehicle communicates via Wi-Fi with the route infrastructure, receiving information on traffic-light status. This means that the bus can take advantage of a “green wave” of traffic lights. Two bridges, a tunnel. The bus safely stays in its lane. After leaving the built-up area, it accelerates to the allowed 70 km/h. The maximum speed is programmed; even at this speed the driver does not steer. The bus arrives at the bus stop in automated mode. It stops, opens and closes the doors, and drives away again. Red lights ahead; the bus independently brakes gently and comes to a standstill safely. While the lights are changing, pedestrians are still crossing the road. The bus waits, lets

them cross, and does not drive away until the road is clear. In order to avoid a collision, City Pilot has an automatic braking system that decelerates the vehicles as required.

The Mercedes-Benz Future Bus with City Pilot therefore significantly enhances road safety. Thanks to it anticipatory driving style, it improves efficiency, puts less stress on the engine and reduces fuel consumption and emissions. And with its smooth, fluent progress, it also enhances passenger comfort.

With this technology, Daimler Buses is following the development path of Daimler Trucks, which will bring Highway Pilot to series maturity by the end of the decade. Daimler Buses will develop bus-specific aspects of the City Pilot system towards series application independently–like driving to and away from bus stops.

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

Systematic work on future generations of city buses

The Mercedes-Benz Future Bus with City Pilot as a technology carrier will supply Daimler Buses with findings forth is systematic further development of the city bus of the future. That will focus on emission-free drive systems, the further development of driver-assistance systems and the partial automation of driving functions (given the appropriate legal framework), the connectivity of bus and infrastructure such as BRT operating systems, and the electric/electronic architecture.

A more attractive city bus with a revolutionary design

The Mercedes-Benz Future Bus is much more than just a technology carrier for autonomous driving: For this city bus, the Daimler Buses team has developed a specific, attractive vision for public transport that breaks with many conventions. The roughly twelve meter long solo bus on the basis of the global best seller Catalogues completely new ways in terms of design. For example, it appeals with an asymmetrical and thus more modern and attractive exterior design. The interior is open and light.

The completely low-floor bus is divided into three areas: The “service” area is at the front near the driver; the “express” area for short journeys with a focus on standing room and quick passenger flow is in the middle. Behind that is a “lounge” area where passengers spend more time. Their smart phones can be charged wirelessly, inductively that is. The completely redesigned cockpit is an integrated part of the whole space. The driver receives the required information on a large display in an innovative presentation style, and can concentrate fully on his or her core tasks. An electronic ticket system dispenses with the conventional selling and checking of tickets by the driver. The ticket system is an important element of the bus's connectivity.

BRT lines are predestined for autonomous driving

A constant route in a separate lane, a clearly defined schedule, clear and identical procedures at bus stops: public-transport buses on BRT lines are predestined for autonomous driving. That is why Daimler Buses sent its Mercedes-Benz Future Bus with City Pilot on its first journey on a section of Europe's longest BRT line in

Amsterdam. It connects Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport with the city of Haarlem. The nearly 20 kilometer route presents the Mercedes-Benz Future Bus with a genuine challenge: It has plenty of bends, passes through tunnels and traffic lights. Thanks to City Pilot technology, the bus easily masters the route.

The advantages of BRT systems are that they are quick to establish for urban and traffic planners, as well as being inexpensive and flexible. They reduce traffic as well as exhaust and noise emissions, increase journey speeds and thus improve the overall quality of life. Daimler Buses has therefore always been a pioneer of such systems. According to experts, there are now about 180 BRT systems on all continents with a total fleet of approximately 40 000 buses. They convey some 30 million passengers every day. New BRT routes are being planned and designed all the time, with advice and support from Daimler Buses traffic experts in cities all over the world, providing a service that is unique in the industry. Above all, South America is regarded as a BRT region; its rapidly growing metropolises are making good use of BRT systems.


NEWS


aught violating minor traffic rules but don't want to appear Cin court? Pay double the fine

and sign up for community service. “This is called compounding. While the present Motor Vehicles Act provides for this amount to be equal to the fine, the proposed amendments provide for doubling the compounding amount. There is also a provision for community service for offenders in most cases,“ a government source said.

The amendments came up for discussion in the Cabinet on Wednesday evening. The changes are likely to be approved next week and changes in the Act would be introduced in the ongoing Parliament session. The proposed fine for jumping traffic light, not wearing seat belt or helmet is Rs 1,000 for the first offence, but an offender would have to pay Rs 2,000 to the police to avoid appearing in court. Similarly, for honking, one

would have to pay Rs 1,000 against the fine of Rs 500. It will be similar for other offences.

The amendments being brought in the MV Act provides for substantial increase in penalty -fine, jail, suspension of license and even permanent debarment of license besides holding juveniles and their guardians or vehicle owners responsible for crashes caused by minors. The penalties will be higher for repeat offences.

The proposed amendments intend to curb speeding and drunk driving, the two major causes of road crashes, by imposing high costs on drivers. The amendments propose Rs 5,000 fine or six months jail for first offence of driving at high speed and Rs 10,000 fine or two years imprisonment for subsequent offence. In case of drunk driving, the penalty proposed is

six months jail and penalty of Rs 5,000 for first offence and 12 months jail and Rs 10,000 fine for second offence. Such offenders would also be debarred from holding license. For most offences, there is also proposal for compulsory driver training.

Besides hiking the penalty, the proposed amendments also deal with streamlining issuance of driving licenses and registration certificates, getting permits and curbing corruption by using information technology. There is also focus on using technology for enforcement by local police and transport department. The amendments deal with increase in compensation for crash victims and to the kin in hit-and-run cases. Stronger law is one of the basic enablers for improving road safety and reducing crashes. India has the dubious distinction of registering 1.46 lakh deaths annually, which is the highest across the globe.

DOUBLE PENALTY FOR TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS

raffic on route 55 in Gothenburg began in June 2015 and the Tgreen electric buses soon

became a common sight on the urban scene. Today the route between Chalmers and Lindholmen carries an average of 100,000 passengers a month. Surveys conducted by the ElectriCity partners reveal that both passengers and drivers appreciate the new electric bus route and that the vehicles, charging infrastructure and bus stops more than meet the highest expectations.

According to Public Transport Authority Västtrafik, passengers are generallyvery satisfied with the service. The fact that the buses run on renewable electricity is regarded favourably, and the bus stops at Chalmersplatsen and Teknikgatan are rated very highly. About 80 per cent of passengers appreciate the free WiFi on board, and no less than 93 per cent feel that the low on-board noise level is a great benefit. Measurements carried out by Volvo confirm these perceptions and show considerable differences in noise between diesel and electric power, both inside and outside the buses, particularly at low speeds.

Surveys carried out by bus operator Keolis show that the bus drivers also feel the low noise level is one of the biggest advantages of electric power, both because it contributes to a better working environment and because it is appreciated by the passengers. The fact that the buses are equipped with zone management which automatically limits speed in certain areas is regarded as positive and boosts safety. Route 55 is not only Gothenburg's first route serviced by electric buses, it is above all an arena for showcasing the latest technologies and for developing emerging solutions. That is why the programme is being

SUCCESS STORY

Successful year for Gothen


SUCCESS STORY

BUS COACH INDIAJULY : 2016

burg’s electric bus service

After one year of electric bus service on route 55 in Gothenburg, it is clear that the expectations “have been surpassed by a wide margin. The buses and bus stops received a high rating by

passengers and drivers alike, and the technology worked very dependably. Over the past year the service has carried about 1.2 million passengers. In time for the first anniversary of the electric

the ElectriCity partnership.”bus route, global ICT providerEricsson is now joining


SUCCESS STORY

studied verythoroughly. The latest vehicle and charging infrastructure statistics from Volvo, Keolis and Västtrafik show that the results are on a par with or have exceeded the targets for charging function, punctuality and service provision.

“These excellent results show that the technology for electrified bus operations is ripe for more broad-based introduction. Electric power offers new possibilities for cities to transition public transport in a sustainable direction, promoting safer traffic and a healthier environment with less noise and better air quality,” says Niklas Gustafsson, Chief Sustainability Officer, Volvo Group.

The immense interest in route 55 is confirmed by visitor statistics from Business Region Göteborg. So far more than 100 delegations totalling almost 5500 participants from cities the world over have visited Gothenburg to see

how the cooperative electromobility project and its traffic operation actually work in practice.

Just in time for the electric bus route's first anniversary, global ICT (information and communications technology) provider Ericsson is joining the ElectriCity partnership.

“The buses running on route

55 are already connected to our platform allowing developers controlled access to data to build smart applications,” says Orvar Hurtig, Head of Industry & Society at Ericsson. “Now we're taking the next step as a partner in ElectriCity. It's an exciting project in which we, together with the other partners, will be able to develop and test sustainable transport solutions for smart cities – in real life.”


NEWS


lobal auto component market is pegged to be around $1.75 Gtrillion. However, Indian auto

component industry revenue stands at just $40 billion, which is just 2.3 percent of the total Indian GDP and contributes $11 billion of exports.

"It is expected the market size and exports will grow by fives times according to Automotive Mission Plan (AMP) 2026. This would require an investment of $25-30 billion. So we are not playing for today's market, we are playing for 2026" said Arvind Balaji, President, ACMA.

Top Auto Component Manufacturers have invested $50 billion in the R&D and 50 percent of innovation in the automotive industry is done jointly with auto component players.

According to industry leaders, the growth opportunities are tremendous and that is the reason everybody is looking at this market. However, any opportunity comes with challenges. The first and foremost challenge is to deliver a better quality and technology products to OEMs.

Also, industry sees a lag in sca l ing -up , new technology implementation and shifty government policies which are impacting the business. The reason that industry isn't able to scale is that RBI guidelines don't allow companies to borrow money to buy companies.

Due to this, consolidation is not taking place. However, the global

players can borrow money at 3 or 4 percent to that enables them to consolidate and expand.

Further explaining the challen-ges, Balaji added, "At one hand, the government is talking about 'Make in India' but on the other hand, inverted duty structure is making cost of raw materials higher in India than anywhere else. So, the government say 'Make in India' but does not have policies in place for smooth functioning. The government is ready to listen, so we are giving them

recommendations. As we must have policies to promote manufacturing.”

At the same time, we are also recommending the government to encourage partners to invest in R&D. As government has removed some benefits in investing in R&D. Lastly, with new technology coming in, there is a huge danger if we don't invest in increasing our capabilities. In next 10 years, we will end up borrowing technology through some FTA scheme. We are hopeful the government will respond".

Indian Auto ComponentsIndustry to grow 5X by 2026

Indian auto component industry revenue stands at just $40 billion, which is just 2.3 percent of the total Indian GDP and contributes $11 billion of exports.

NEWS


esla Motors Inc Chief Executive Elon Musk unveiled an Tambitious plan to expand the

company into electric semi trucks and buses, car sharing and solar energy systems.

In a blog post titled "Master Plan, Part Deux," Musk sketched a vision of an integrated carbon-free energy enterprise offering a wider range of vehicles, and products and services beyond electric cars and batteries. He restated his argument that Tesla should acquire and integrate the operations of solar panel installer Solar City Corp, where Musk is chairman and a major shareholder.

The plan did not detail how new projects like electric trucks or public transit vehicles would be financed.

Both Tesla and Solar City are burning cash. Tesla in May sold about $1.7 billion in new shares, indicating much of that will be used to accelerate development of its new Model 3 car lineup and reach a production pace of 500,000 vehicles a year by 2018, two years ahead of an earlier plan.

Musk summarized the plan saying Tesla aimed to "create stunning solar roofs (for homes) with seamlessly integrated battery storage. Expand the electric vehicle product line to address all major segments. Develop a self-driving capability that is 10X safer than manual via massive fleet learning. Enable your car to make money for you when you aren't using it.”

Musk said he envisions Tesla owners allowing others to use their vehicles through a smartphone application. He indicated there will be a "Tesla shared fleet," but did not offer

details of how that fleet would be managed.

Rival automakers are pursuing some of these goals as well. "In cities where demand exceeds the supply of customer-owned cars, Tesla will operate its own fleet, ensuring you can always hail a ride from us no matter where you are," he said. Such a service would put Tesla in competition with ride hailing services such as Uber or Lyft.

Musk said all future Tesla products will have fully self-driving capability, including trucks and buses, which he said would be unveiled next year. Most major automakers, as well as internet search company Alphabet Inc, are investing heavily in automated driving technology.

Germany's Daimler AG is working on automated heavy trucks and electric commercial vehicles. General Motors Co and Toyota Motor Corp are among the auto companies working on car sharing and forging

alliances with ride hailing companies such as Lyft and Uber Technologies Inc to break into the growing market for services built around vehicles.

On June 21, Musk proposed that Tesla buy Solar City. He outlined a combined company that could provide consumers with the tools for a largely carbon-free lifestyle - electric cars recharged with electricity generated by SolarCity solar panel systems, or stored in the home using battery packs produced by Tesla's battery Gigafactory under construction near Reno, Nev.

Musk owns 22 per cent of SolarCity's shares, and has outlined plans to offer buyers of Tesla electric vehicles a solar power generation and battery storage system. Tesla on June 22 filed applications to use the Tesla name for solar energy systems and services, such as monitoring solar panels.

Tesla shares rose 1.4 per cent in trading Wednesday, ahead of Musk's announcement. SolarCity shares were up 2.6 per cent.

ELON MUSK ‘MASTER PLAN’EXPANDS TESLA MOTORS INTO ELECTRIC

TRUCK AND BUSES

RNI No. DELENG/2010/34105 Post Reg. No. DL(W)05/2231/2016-18 Post at RMS DelhiPublished on 25ft every month and postage on 5th of every next month.

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