Daily News Simplified - DNS 04 11 19

Notes

SL. NO. TOPICS

THE HINDU PAGE NO.

1 500 passenger trains get ISRO-enabled GPS 08

2 India, Uzbekistan ink three defence deals 13

3 ISRO’s NaVIC set to be commercialised by Anthrix 09

4 Army to get first Dhanush regiment by March 2020 09

5 It’s all in the GENES 19

Dated: 04. Nov. 2019 DNS Notes - Revision Title 1. 500 passenger trains get ISRO-enabled GPS (The Hindu Page 08)

Syllabus Mains: GS Paper III – Science & technology

Theme Technology

Highlights Context: About 500 passenger locomotives of the South Central Railway (SCR) have been fitted with the newly developed Real-time Train Information System (RTIS) to monitor precise speeds and movement throughout the journey from starting point to the destination station. This information will be gradually provided to passengers for their planned travel. Railway authorities plan to install RTIS even on freight trains to track unscheduled stoppages, mechanical breakdowns and even theft.

• RTIS has been developed by the Centre for Railway Information Systems (CIRS) with the help of Indian Space Research Organisation-Airports Authority of India’s GAGAN-Global Positioning System (GPS) aided geo-augmented navigation. GAGAN was originally developed for air traffic management. How will RTIS work?

• The application software in loco device shall determine train movement events i.e. Arrival, Departure, Run-through at stations based on spatial coordinates and speed received continuously from GAGAN receiver.

• These events along with position/locations updates shall be communicated to a Central Location Server (CLS) using S-MSS as well as 4G/3G mobile data service.

• The Central Location Server (CLS) processes the received data and relay it to Control Office Application (COA) for automatic plotting of control charts.

• Control Office Application (COA) has been integrated with National Train Enquiry System (NTES) and this will automatically allow the passengers to have accurate real-time information of trains.

• Emergency messaging between Loco driver and control office shall also be implemented through RTIS. Benefits of RTIS

• Automatic capture of train running Information & automatic plotting of Control Charts in Control Office Application

• Accurate train running information to passengers • Better management of railway traffic through real time data • Improved Customer Services • Stress free work conditions for train controllers • Optimum utilization of resources

GAGAN • The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and Airports Authority of India (AAI)

have implemented the GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation-GAGAN project as a Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) for the Indian Airspace.

• GAGAN though primarily meant for aviation, will provide benefits beyond aviation to many other user segments such as intelligent transportation, maritime, highways, railways, surveying, geodesy, security agencies, telecom industry, personal users of position location applications etc.

Dated: 04. Nov. 2019 DNS Notes - Revision

Personal Notes

Title 2. ‘India, Uzbekistan ink three defence deals (The Hindu Page 13)

Syllabus Mains: GS Paper II – International Relations Theme Central Asia

Dated: 04. Nov. 2019 DNS Notes - Revision Highlights Context: India and Uzbekistan on Sunday signed three memorandums of understanding

(MoU) to enhance cooperation in military medicine and military education during the visit of Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh held bilateral consultations with Defence Minister of Uzbekistan during his visit to Tashkent in Uzbekistan from November 1-3, 2019. Enhanced level of defence engagement

• During the meeting, both sides expressed satisfaction at the enhanced level of defence engagement between India and Uzbekistan since the visit of the then Defence Minister of Uzbekistan to India in September 2018.

• This enhanced level of engagement is reflected in ü the first ever meeting of the Joint Working Group (JWG) on Defence

Cooperation in February 2019; ü visit of Defence Secretary of India in March 2019; and ü the first-ever Defence-Industry Workshop organised in Tashkent in September

2019. • India has offered a concessional Line of credit of USD 40 million for procurement of

goods and services by Uzbekistan from India. • There has been an increase in direct exchanges between the armed forces on both sides

related to training, capacity building and education. • Both Defence Ministers jointly presided over the curtain raiser of the first India-

Uzbekistan Joint Exercise, “Dustlik 2019”. • The bilateral exercise will be conducted from November 4 to 13 at Chirchiq Training

Area near Tashkent and will be focused on counter-terrorism, in which “the two countries share a common concern”.

• In the exercise, an Indian Army contingent will train along with Uzbekistan Army. The exercise will enable sharing of best practices and experiences between the Armed Forces of the two countries and would lead to greater operational effectiveness. MoUs signed

• Following the meeting, the two sides concluded an MoU on cooperation in the field of Military Medicine between the Armed Forces of the two countries.

• The MoU is a byproduct of interactions emanating from the MoU on Military Education signed between the two countries in October 2018.

• The two defence ministers also witnessed the first-ever exchange over a video-link between College of Defence Management in Secunderabad and Armed Forces Academy of Uzbekistan in Tashkent.

Personal Notes

Dated: 04. Nov. 2019 DNS Notes - Revision

Title 3. ISRO’s NaVIC set to be commercialised by Anthrix (The Hindu Page 09) Syllabus Mains: GS Paper III – Science and Technology

Theme NAVIC

Highlights Context: The commercial arm of ISRO, Antrix is set to commercialize India's regional navigational system, NavIC. The Antrix Corporation is set to issue tenders to identify the industries that can develop hardware needed for the NavIC. In this regard, let us understand the details about the NavIC.

About NavIC

• NavIC (acronym for NAVigation with Indian Constellation) is an independent regional navigation satellite system being developed by India. It is designed to provide accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary.

• It is basically a constellation of total 7 satellite launched in space and a ground facility on land to receive signals from space satellites.hree of these will be geostationary over the Indian Ocean, i.e., they will appear to be stationary in the sky over the

Dated: 04. Nov. 2019 DNS Notes - Revision

region, and four will be geosynchronous – appearing at the same point in the sky at the same time every day. This configuration ensures each satellite is being tracked by at least one of fourteen ground stations at any given point of time, with a high chance of most of them being visible from any point in India.

• IRNSS will provide two types of services, namely, Standard Positioning Service (SPS) which is provided to all the users and Restricted Service (RS), which is an encrypted service provided only to the authorised users. The IRNSS System is expected to provide a position accuracy of better than 20 m in the primary service area.

Applications of NavIC

• Terrestrial, Aerial and Marine Navigation • Disaster Management • Vehicle tracking and fleet management • Integration with mobile phones • Precise Timing • Mapping and Geodetic data capture • Terrestrial navigation aid for hikers and travellers • Visual and voice navigation for drivers

Similar Positioning systems of other countries Some of the similar positioning systems of other countries include- GPS (Global positioning system) of the US, Glonass of Russia and Galileo of Europe, China’s Beidou Significance:

• Currently we use GPS system of USA for navigation. Hence, development of NavIC would reduce India's dependence on other countries for navigation purposes.

• It will help in mitigating the impact of disasters by providing information of disaster timing. It would also help the disaster relief management to make earlier plans and save the lives of people in India as well as up to 1500 km around it.

• It will help the mariners for far navigation and fisherman for get information about the valuable fisheries location.

• Since it is an indigeneously developed system which would be used by military purposes, it would make the data transmission more secure and confidential.

• NAVIC covers the entire SAARC region and extends up to 1500 km outside India. India can leverage it to reach out to its neighbours and demonstrate its global leadership aspirations through sharing of NAVIC services. Hence, It would bolster the ability of India to serve as a net security provider in the Indian Sub-continent.

Dated: 04. Nov. 2019 DNS Notes - Revision

Personal

Dated: 04. Nov. 2019 DNS Notes - Revision Notes

Title 4. Army to get first Dhanush regiment by March 2020 (The Hindu Page 09) Syllabus Mains: GS Paper III – Science & Technology

Theme Defence Technology

Highlights Context: Dhanush, the first indigenous long-range artillery gun will be inducted into the Indian Army on 4th November, 2019. The 155 mm calibre artillery gun was manufactured by the Jabalpur-based Gun Carriage Factory which is one of the 41 Ordnance Factories of India. Dhanush is the indigenously upgraded variant of the Swedish Bofors gun imported in the 1980s. About Dhanush Guns

• Dhanush is a 155 mm, 45-calibre towed artillery gun with a range of 36km and has demonstrated a range of 38 km with specialised ammunition.

• Dhanush Gun system can be employed in all types of terrain and is one of the new generation towed artillery gun system better upgraded features over the existing Bofors.

• The gun is equipped with Artillery gun aiming and positioning system consisting of inertial navigation system and encoders for positioning capability and muzzle velocity recorder. Its mechanical upgrade results in extending firing range up to 36km.

• Electronic upgrade aims to enhance the firing accuracies, laying speeds and provide

Dated: 04. Nov. 2019 DNS Notes - Revision

compatibility with project Shakti, which is Artillery Combat Command and Control System.

• It is fitted with an inertial navigation system having global positioning system-based gun recording and auto-laying, an enhanced tactical computer for on-board ballistic computations, an on-board muzzle velocity recording, an automated gun sighting system equipped with camera, thermal imaging, and laser range finder.

• The gun system has successfully completed all trial parameters and nearly 5 thousand rounds have been fired during the various internal and user trials in different terrains.

• As a confidence building initiative by Ordnance Factories Board, six guns handed over to the Indian Army for extensive user exploitation in high Altitude and deserts and plains from July 2016 to June 2018. Post successful completion of trials and user exploitation, bulk production clearance has been accorded.

• Dhanush Gun has undoubtedly emerged as a reliable and robust Gun system at par with the latest in the world and will increase the Fire Power of the Indian Artillery manifold.

• The Army recently procured 155mm Excalibur precision guided ammunition from the U.S. and it can be used with all 155-mm artillery Dhanush guns.

Indian Ordnance Factories • Indian Ordnance Factories is an industrial setup which functions under the

Department of Defence Production of the Ministry of Defence. • Indian Ordnance Factories, headquartered at Kolkata, is a conglomerate of 41

Factories, 9 Training Institutes, 3 Regional Marketing Centres and 4 Regional Controller of Safety.

Personal Notes

Dated: 04. Nov. 2019 DNS Notes - Revision

Title 5. It’s all in the GENES (The Hindu Page 19) Syllabus Mains: GS Paper III – Science & Technology

Theme Food and Health

Highlights Context: Article highlights the issues associated with the consumption of milk and why consuming milk is getting complicated.

• Some of the major adulterants in milk having serious adverse health effect are urea, formalin, detergents, ammonium sulphate, boric acid, caustic soda, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, sugars and melamine.

• A1 and A2 are two forms of beta-casein, a sub-group of casein that is the largest protein

group found in milk. Originally, all cows would produce only A2 protein. Over the millennia however, a genetic mutation made many of them start producing both A1 and A2 proteins, with some producing A1 only.

• A1 beta-casein was considered to be a cause of public health issue, leading to type 1

diabetes, autism, an increased risk of heart disease, and digestive issues.

• The assumption is that BCM-7, an opioid peptide released when digesting A1, affects the immune and GI system.

• However, in 2009, the European Food Safety Authority had also agreed that there was

no cause-and-effect relationship between consuming A1 protein and the illnesses alleged.

• India’s desi cow breeds like Tharparkar, Gir, and Sahiwal have a genetic make-up that

yields milk high in A2

• While cow’s milk and A2 are used interchangeably, it is relevant to note that all buffalo milk is A2

Dated: 04. Nov. 2019 DNS Notes - Revision

• Some have argued that there is no real need of milk as such to human beings.

• Children with prolonged exposure to dairy with exclusion of other foods, are likely to be constipated.

• Calcium from milk is not easily absorbed

• Non Dairy sources of Calcium

Ragi Sesame Lotus stem Drumstick Water chestnuts

Personal Notes