30 12 19 Notes€¦ · 2019-12-30 · Daily News Simplified - DNS 30 12 19 Notes SL. NO. TOPICS...

Daily News Simplified - DNS

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Notes

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THE HINDU PAGE NO.

1 Governance Index 10

2 M.P gets its first elephant colony in Bandhavgarh forest 01

3 For a humane and autonomous police 10

4 India needs a bottom-up growth Model 11

5 3 years on, a mere 30% of Poshan Abhiyaan funds used 09

Dated: 30. Dec. 2019 DNS Notes - Revision

Title Governance Index (Page No 10)

Syllabus GS II Polity and Governance

Theme Good Governance Index and issues in it.

Highlights Context: Government has released the Good Governance Index. Before going into the index let us first understand the concept of Competitive federalism:

• Competitive federalism is a concept where units of the Federal structure compete among each other.

• i. e: centre with states and vice-versa, and states compete with each other in their joint efforts to development.

• The policy of one-size-fit-all is replaced with different policies of various states based on the own priorities with in the state. Each state will design their own policies for development of the state.

• The concept also promotes discipline among the states. • To promote the concept of competitive federalism in India, the union

government started taking several measures in that direction. • Good governance is one such initiative.

Which ministry has released the Index?

• The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions has launched the ‘Good Governance Index’.

Wait, but What is Good governance Index?

• The Good Governance Index is a uniform tool across States to assess the Status of Governance and impact of various interventions taken up by the State Government and UTs.

What are the Objectives of GGI

• Provide quantifiable data to compare the State of Governance in the States and UTs

• Enable States and UTs to formulate and implement suitable strategies for improving governance

• Shift to result oriented approaches and administration How does GGI ranks various states? The GGI takes into consideration ten sectors:

1. Agriculture and Allied Sectors, 2. Commerce & Industries,


3. Human Resource Development, 4. Public Health, 5. Public Infrastructure & Utilities, 6. Economic Governance, 7. Social Welfare & Development, 8. Judicial & Public Security, 9. Environment and 10. Citizen-Centric Governance.

But how are the indicators for each sector is calculated?

• These ten Governance Sectors are measured on total 50 indicators. • Different indicators are given different weightage under one Governance Sector

to calculate the value. • Lets consider Agriculture:

o E.g. Under Agriculture & Allied Sector, there are 6 indicators with different weightage, namely: Growth rate of agriculture and allied sector (0.4), growth rate of food grains production (0.1), growth rate of horticulture produce (0.1), growth rate of milk production (0.1), growth rate of meat production (0.1) and crop insurance (0.2).

• Lets take the example of Commerce and Indurstry


Do all the states ranked collectively?

• The states and UTs are divided into three groups: o Big States o North-East & Hill States and o UTs.

• The states and UTs are ranked on all indicators separately, at the same time composite ranking is also calculated for these states and UTs under their respective groups based upon these indicators.

Lets now have a look at main observations of GGI

• Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh and Pondicherry have topped their respective groups.

• Southern states have performed better than North Indian states. • Rapid progress being made by the so called “BIMARU” states

o Improvements in over all scores o These states have fared in top 10 in 5 sectors.


Are there any issues in the GGI?

• Some key indicators crucial for ranking have been left out from many sectors: o Agriculture: farmer’s income, prevalence of micro irrigation o Commerce and Industry: Inflow of Industrial Investment

• Some indicators have been given disproportionate weightage o Commerce and Industry: Ease of Doing business (90%) and growth rate

only 5%.


Personal Notes


Title M.P gets its first elephant colony in Bandhavgarh forest (Page number 1)

Syllabus Prelims: Environment Theme Bandhagarh Tiger Reserve

Highlights Bandhavgarh Tiger reserve Context: Last November, elephants in herds, 38 of them, wandered into the forests of Bandhavgarh looking for food and water, like each year. A year on, they have stayed back in Madhya Pradesh for the first time over seasons and even bred two new calves, choosing not to return to the withering forests of north Chhattisgarh. In this context authorities have Ruled out the possibility of conflict between the herd and tigers. “While one is a herbivore, the other is a carnivore, so there is no competition. The presence of elephants will not alter the movement of tigers in the area. It should be noted that the ‘Tiger State’ of Madhya Pradesh, which in the 2019 census recorded the most number of estimated tigers at 526, thus securing the title, presently has no know-how of dealing with elephants. Further Tiger reserves of MP have been news because it will soon have 7th tiger reserve. It will be carved out of Ratapani wildlife Sanctuary. A committee set up by the state government to finalise contours of the core and buffer areas of the proposed reserve, to be carved out of the Ratapani wildlife sanctuary, has submitted its report Latest Developments

• The National tiger conservation Authority (NTCA) had given in principle approval to the reserve a decade ago. However, the reserve could no not be finalised because of issues like rehabilitation and governments lack of keenness. It is to be noted that the Tiger reserve will come into being only when the state government notifies the Reserve.

• However, the new government in the state is now pushing for the creation of seventh Tiger Reserve and a committee has already submitted its report.

• Once the reserve gets the final nod, it will boost tourism and bring Central funds. Located closer to Bhopal, is is expected to bring in more tourists.

Existing tiger reserves of Madhya Pradesh


Personal Notes

Title For a humane and autonomous police (10)

Syllabus GS II: Polity and governance

Theme Police reforms

Highlights For a humane and autonomous police Abstract

• In the backdrop of recent protests, particularly in the universities, over the passing of Citizenship Amendment Act, the actions of police force has come under the scanner.

• The author in this article is of the opinion that while the criticisms on police action are unfounded, an autonomous and humane police to check the violence is a necessary condition for democracy to flourish.

Arguments Powers to enter the campus


• The entry of police into the campuses (Jamia Milia, Aligarh Muslim University) without the permission of heads of the university is widely criticized as gross violation of the law.

• There is no provision in the law that prohibits police from entering the campus to check violence without invitation from the heads of institutions.

Police force is a tool of executive • It is widely perceived that police force is tool of the political executive. This has

led to popular belief that police is the culprit and protesters are the victims. • The modern policing requires police force to be on their toes and take actions

within no time especially while dealing with emotion-ridden mobs. Thus operational autonomy is a must and police do act autonomously in such situations rather than blindly following diktats of the political executive.

Limit on quantum of force • Another ground on which the police is criticized is the quantum of force that

the police can use to quell disorder. • It is the upto the police commander in the field to decide the quantum of force.

Conclusion • Mob control techniques should be given more emphasis in the training because

civilized and humane police needs focus on quality of policing in the field, instead of “politician management”.

Provisions to deal with protests • There are various provisions in the Constitution and laws of India on the

right of police to intervene in protests and agitations

1. Provisions in the Constitution

• The right to protest peacefully is guaranteed by the Constitution of India. Articles 19(1)(a) and 19(1)(b) give to all citizens the right to freedom of speech and expression, and to assemble peaceably and without arms.

• However, under Articles 19(2) and 19(3), the right to freedom of speech is subject to reasonable restrictions.

• The reasonable restrictions apply in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.

2. Provisions in the CrPC and IPC • The legal provisions and avenue available to police for handling agitations,

protests, and unlawful assemblies are covered by the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860, and The Police Act, 1861.

CrPC provisions:


• The CrPC’s Sections 129-132 deal with dispersal of assembly by use of civil force, use of the armed forces in situations of civil unrest, and protection against prosecution for acts done under these sections.

• Under CrPC Section 129, any Executive Magistrate or officer in charge of a police station can command any unlawful assembly, or any assembly of five or more persons likely to cause a disturbance of the public peace, to disperse.

• After which, it is the duty of the members of such assembly to disperse accordingly.

Use of Force: • If, upon being commanded, any such assembly does not disperse, or if, without

being so commanded, it conducts itself in a manner to show a determination not to disperse.

• The Executive Magistrate or police officer, may then proceed to disperse such assembly by force, and, if necessary, arrest and confine the persons who form part of it, in order to disperse such assembly and punish them according to law.

• Section 130 of the CrPC, requires personnel to use as little force, and do as little injury to person and property, as may be consistent with dispersing the assembly and arresting and detaining such persons.

Provisions under IPC • The IPC’s Sections 141-158 deal with unlawful assembly, and the

responsibilities, liabilities, and punishments related to this offence. • Under IPC Section 141, an unlawful assembly is an assembly of five or more

persons that intends

• To intimidate by criminal force, governments or public servants.

• To resist the execution of any law, or of any legal process.

• To commit any mischief or criminal trespass, or other offence.

• As per IPC Section 146, whenever force or violence is used by an unlawful assembly, or by any member, in the process of prosecution, every member of such assembly is guilty of the offence of rioting.


Title India needs a bottom-up growth Model (Page 10)

Syllabus GS III: Economy

Theme Critique of India's growth model

Highlights Context: This particular article is a critique of India's growth model wherein it highlights that higher GDP growth rates in India has failed to translate into Equitable, Inclusive and Sustainable growth. Accordingly, it highlights that the Government must adopt bottom-up and people-centered approach in its policies. Problems with India's Growth Model India has made rapid strides in its economic growth wherein the GDP size has increased from $ 275 bn in 1991 to $ 2.7 trillion in 2019. It is also considered to be the fastest growing major economies across the world. However, such a growth model has failed to promote balanced, equitable and inclusive growth. For instance, India's ranking on various Human Development Indicators such as HDI, Global Hunger Index (GHI), Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI), Environmental Performance Index etc. continues to be remain poor. Similarly, the PLFS report has highlighted that the unemployment has increased to 45-year high of 6.1%. There are number of reasons for the poor outcomes of India's growth story. Firstly, the Government has excessively focused on enhancing the GDP growth rates without giving due emphasis on enhancing human capabilities. For instance, India's expenditure on Education and Health is hardly around 3% and 1.3% of the GDP respectively. Secondly, Government has failed to incorporate bottom-up and people-centered approach in its policies which could have empowered the people and led to better outcomes. The Government has excessively focused on improving "Ease of doing Business" to attract foreign capital, but it has failed to focus on improving "Ease of living" of its citizens. Thirdly, most of the Government schemes and programmes are considered to be top-down in approach without the involvement of the stakeholders. For instance, one of the reasons for the success of the MGNREGA programme is its participatory approach wherein the Gram Sabha members decide on the utilization of MGNREGA Funds. However, other government schemes and programmes have failed to incorporate such a participatory approach leading to less than satisfactory results. What can be done to improve the development outcomes? India's growth outcomes can be improved by learning from the development models followed by China and some of the states in India. Even though China is non-democratic country, it has given due emphasis on Human Development which is evident in China's better ranking on various Human development Indicators as compared to India. On the


other hand, in spite of being democratic country, India is yet to reach the level of development which China attained way back in 1990s. Thus, there is a need to adopt people-centered policies rather than growth-centered policies to have better outcomes. Similarly, some of the states in India have also taken a lead and shown as to how bottom-up and people-centered policies can have transformative impact on the lives of the people. For instance, Kerala Government has followed "Participative Model" of Governance in order to empower the people at the grassroots level. It has emerged as the frontrunner in empowering the Panchayati Raj Institutions with the constitutionally mandated functions and finances. It has also focused on the women empowerment through the "Kudumbashree" Scheme, which is considered to be a model scheme for multi-faceted development of women. Such a participative model of Governance has enabled Kerala to be well ahead of all other states and match China in terms of Human Development Indicators. Similarly, the Delhi Government has adopted "Common man's Model", wherein it has kept the common man at the centre of the various government policies and schemes. It has given due emphasis on Health and Education and in order to ensure success of Government's intervention, it has focused on the active participation of the stakeholders. For instance, it has established the School Management Committees which involves the parents. The budget for training teachers has increased by more than five times. This has enabled the Delhi's Government schools to have much better performance than the private schools. Similarly, the Public health expenditure has more than doubled. Mohalla Clinics have been set up in the poor colonies to provide accessible and affordable health care. Way Forward The Government has to realize that "Ease of Living" is much wider and comprehensive as compared to "Ease of Doing Business". While, improvement in the Ease of Doing Business can lead to increase in the private sector investment, but improvement in the "Ease of Living" can lead to both better development outcomes and attract private sector investment. This is so because a balanced, inclusive and sustainable growth can enhance the income levels of the people and attract greater amount of private sector investment. Ultimately, Gandhi's philosophy of putting the last man first should be the sole guiding light for the government's policies.


Personal Notes

Title 3 years on, a mere 30% of Poshan Abhiyaan funds used (Page number 09)

Syllabus GS II: Social Issues

Theme Performance of Poshan Abhiyaan

Highlights Details given by Minister of WCD 1. States and UT have utilised only 30% of the funds released by centre for the Poshan

Abhiyaan. 2. Only Mizoram , Himachal Pradesh, Lakshwadeep and Bihar have utilised above 50%.

About Poshan Abhiyaan

• India’s flagship programme to improve nutritional outcomes for children, adolescents , pregnant women and lactating mothers by leveraging technology and a targeted approach and convergence.

• It converges various programmes like Anganwadi Services, Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), Integrated Child Development Services, Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG), Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), National Health Mission (NHM), Swachh-Bharat Mission, Public Distribution System (PDS) etc


• Aim: to reduce stunting by 2%, under- nutrition by 2%, anaemia by 3% and reduce low birth weight by 2% per annum respectively.

• Reduce Stunting from 38.4% (NFHS-4) to 25% by 2022 (Mission 25 by 2022) • It will comprise mapping of various Schemes, ICT based Real Time Monitoring

system, incentivising States/UTs for meeting the targets, incentivising Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) for using IT based tools, eliminating registers used by AWWs, introducing measurement of height of children at the Anganwadi Centres (AWCs), Social Audits, setting-up Nutrition Resource Centres, involving masses through Jan Andolan for their participation on nutrition through various activities, among others.

• Funding: 50% by World Bank and 50% through budgetary support , which is further divided into 60:40 between centre and states and 90:10 for north eastern and Himalayan states and 100% for UT without legislature.

Personal Notes

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