DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Morgan GE, Mikhail MS, Murray MJ. Pain Management. In: Morgan GE, Mikhail

MS, dan Murray MJ, editors. Clinical Anesthesiology. 2nd ed. Stamford: Appleton

and Lange, 1996.

2. Hamill, R.J., The Assesment of Pain, In: Handbook of Critical Care Pain

Management, New York, McGrow-Hill Inc, 1994.

3. Latief SA, Suryadi KA, Dachlan MR. Petunjuk Praktis Anestesiologi, 2nd ed.

Jakarta: Bagian Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Fakultas Kedoktreran Universitas

Indonesia, 2001.p.74-83.

4. Sinatra RS, Hord AH, Ginsberg B, Preble LM, editors. In : Mechanism and

Management Acute Pain. United States of America : Mosby-Year Book, Inc : 1992.

5. Ballantyne JC, Cousins MJ, Giamberardino MA, Jamison RN, McGrath PA,

Rajagopal MR, et al. Diagnosis and Classification of Neuropathic Pain. IASP Pain

Clinical update 2010; 28(7): 1-6.

6. Wiryana IM, Sinardja IK, Sujana IBG, Budiarta IG, editors. In: Mangku G,

Senapathi TGA. Buku Ajar Anestesi dan Reanimasi. 1st Edition. Jakarta: Indeks,

2010. p.217-232.

7. Hudspith MJ, Siddal PJ, Munglani R. Physiology of Pain. In: Foundations of

Anesthesia. 2nd Ed. New York: Elsevier Mosby. 2006.

8. Patapoutian A, Tate S & Woolf CJ (2009) Transient receptor potential channels:

targeting pain at the source. Nat Rev Drug Discov 8(1): 55–68.

9. Woolf CJ & Ma Q. Nociceptors–noxious stimulus detectors. Neuron 2007;55(3):

353–64.

10. Macintyre PE, Schug SA, Scott DA, Visser EJ, Walker SM; APM:SE Working

Group of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Faculty of

Pain Medicine (2010), Acute Pain Management: Scientific Evidence (3rd edition),

ANZCA & FPM, Melbourne.

11. Julius D, Basbaum AI. Molecular mechanisms of nociception. Nature

2001;413:203-210.

12. Sandkuhler J. Models and Mechanisms of Hyperalgesia and Allodynia. Physiol Rev

2009;89:707-58.

13. Hunt SP & Mantyh PW. The molecular dynamics of pain control. Nat Rev Neurosci

2001;2(2): 83–91.

14. Tracey I & Mantyh PW. The cerebral signature for pain perception and its

modulation. Neuron 2007;55(3): 377–91.

15. Tracey I. Imaging pain. Br J Anaesth 2008;101(1): 32–9.

16. Millan MJ. Descending control of pain. Prog Neurobiol 2002;66(6): 355–474.

17. Suzuki R, Rygh LJ & Dickenson AH (2004) Bad news from the brain: descending

5-HT pathways that control spinal pain processing. Trends Pharmacol Sci 25(12):

613–7.

18. Russell FA & McDougall JJ. Proteinase activated receptor (PAR) involvement in

mediating arthritis pain and inflammation. Inflamm Res 2009;58(3): 119–26.

19. Schafers M & Sorkin L. Effect of cytokines on neuronal excitability. Neurosci Lett

2008;437(3): 188–93.

20. Sloane EM, Soderquist RG, Maier SF et al. Long-term control of neuropathic pain

in a non-viral gene therapy paradigm. Gene Ther 2009;16(4): 470–5.

21. Latremoriele A, Woolf CJ. Central Sensitization: A Generator of Pain

Hypersensitivity by Central Neural Plasticity. The Journal of Pain 2009;10(9):895-

926.

22. Woolf CJ & Salter MW. Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain. Science

2000;288(5472): 1765–9.

23. Carlson JD, Maire JJ, Martenson ME et al (2007) Sensitization of pain-modulating

neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla after peripheral nerve injury. J Neurosci

27(48): 13222–31.

24. Wrigley PJ, Press SR, Gustin SM et al (2009) Neuropathic pain and primary

somatosensory cortex reorganization following spinal cord injury. Pain 141(1-2):

52–9.

25. National Institute of Clinical Studies. 2011, Emergency Care Acute Pain

Management Manual, National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra.

26. Melzack R. The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods.

Pain. 1975; 1: 277-299.

27. Hariharan S, Moseley H, Kumar A, Raju S. The Effect of Preemptive Analgesia in

Postoperative Pain Relief-A Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Study. Pain

Medicine 2009;10(1):49-53.

28. Katzung, BG. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 10th Ed. San Fransisco; McGraw

Hill. 2006.

29. Miyoshi HR. Systemic Nonopioid Analgesics. In: Bonica’s Management of Pain.

Lippincott William & Wilkins. Philadelphia. 2001. Pages: 1667-1680.

30. Hendrickson, Robert G.; Kenneth E. Bizovi (2006). "Acetaminophen", in Nelson,

Lewis H.; Flomenbaum, Neal; Goldfrank, Lewis R. et al. Goldfrank's toxicologic

emergencies, p. 525, New York: McGraw-Hill.

31. Schumacher MA, Basbaum AI, Way WL. Opioid Analgesic and Antagonists. In:

Katzung Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 10th ed. Singapore: McGraw Hill, 2004.

32. Holtsman M, Fishman SM. Opioid Receptor. In: Essential of Pain Medicine &

Regional Anesthesia, 2nd edition. Elseiver Churchill Livingstone. 2005.

33. Trescot AM, Datta S, Lee M, et al. Opioid Pharmacology. Journal of Pain Physician.

Vol. 11. No. 133-153. Pp.1-22, 2008.