LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NTSP)

Pre- Activity:Question:1. Have you experience working in a community? How do you feel about it?

Lesson Proper:

Republic Act 9163: National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law Filipino College students (Public and Private) are required to participate in any community

service as mandated by the law. Enacted by 12th Congress on January 23, 2002

Call at least five students to answer the question indicated in slide 1

The law is based on a provision of the 1987 Constitution as what is stated in Article 2, Section 2 The law was enacted in order to encourage the youth to become civic and military leaders as

well as community volunteers who may be deployed in the event of emergencies and disasters. The Philippines has been experiencing over the previous years the following emergencies and

disasters:a. Internal/external conflictb. Typhoonc. Earthquakes d. Landslides

The program intends to introduce various concepts, theories and applications that are focused on Citizenship.

At the end of the training, the students are expected to enhance their civic consciousness and defences preparedness.

R.A no. 9163 defines NSTP as a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defence preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of the following training components:

1st Image: Civil Service- Civic Welfare Training Service2nd Image: Literacy- Literacy Training Service3rd Image: Defence- Reserve Officer Training Corps.

Equivalent in High School: CIWETS/LITRSE- School’s immersion program ROTC- Citizen’s Army Training

Each component is designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare of his/her community.

ROTCa. Sections 38 and 39 of the R.A. No. 7077

b. Designed to provide military training to the tertiary level students in order to motivate. Train, organize and mobilize them for National defence preparedness.

c. According to Section 4d of the law’s IRR private higher institution and technical vocational education institution with at least 350 student cadets must establish/maintain a Department of Military Science and Tactics (DMST) subject to existing rules and regulation.

d. In cases where the number of cadets will be lesser 350, the ROTCU will be undertaken with the ROTCU of the State University and Colleges within the nearest environ with the lead role.

Literacy Training Service (LITRSE) refer to programs designed to train students to become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of school youth, and other segments of society in need of their service.

a. Students who are enrolled in this program component will be trained to provide literacy service to a specific group in the school community.b. It requires implementing an environmental literacy project within the school community.

Civic Welfare Training Services (CIWETS) refer to program and activities contributory to the general welfare and betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities by improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, and morals of the citizenry.

a. Students who are enrolled in this program component will be trained to provide civil service in a specific group in their school community.b. It requires implementing an environmental service project within the school community.

Coverage of the law: The law clearly states that the NSTP shall be integrated in the curricula of any 4/5 year courses

baccalaureate degree and any of 2 years technical/vocational/associate course. Incoming freshman students for 2002-03 under Philippine Association of State Colleges and

Universities (PASCU) and Council of Private Educational Association of the Philippines (COCOPEA) are mandated by law to undergo NSTP for the 1st two semester of their degree.

NOTE:a. Private Institution- COCOPEAb. Government schools- PASCU

Duration and Equivalent Course Unit The NSTP is a mandated subject and a requirement for graduation. Every student shall take NSTP for an academic period of two semesters which is comprised of

three (3) units per semester with a minimum of 54 hours and a maximum of 90 hours training per semester or it can be taken for one (1) summer program in lieu of two (2) semesters.

Post Activity:Prepare the following questions that will be asked to the students:1. What is meant by National Service Training Program?2. How can NSTP enhance civic consciousness and defence preparedness?3. What is the difference between CWTS, LTS and ROTC?4. Who are required to take NSTP?

5. What if a student is a second degree taker? or a graduate of associate course before SY 2003-2004? or a transferee which took the NSTP from another school or college?6. How long will it take to finish the NSTP program?7. What will happen after the students have complied with the NSTP?

Evolution of R.A. 9163

Manuel L. Quezon Introduced the concept of social justice in the Philippine society. Empowered Filipino workers by forming the C.I.R and signing the labour force laws. Contributed to the country’s national security by signing the National defence Act.

Commonwealth Act No. 1 One of the precursor of R.A. No. 9163 The 1st law passed by the Philippine Assembly which provided for the establishment of a

national defence for the country. Filipino’s were mandated to undergo military training while in High school and College, in order

to increase the number of military reserve force in the country. General Douglas Mac Arthur and Lt. Col. Dwight Eisenhower supervised the training of the

reservist.

Ferdinand Marcos Signed the National Service Law to amend certain provision of the National Defence act

National Service Law Presidential Decree No. 1706 Signed on August 8, 1980 Focused on the enhancement of the citizen’s respect for law and lawfully constituted authority. Centred on the promotion and development of civic consciousness and participation in order to

insure national defence preparedness. The decree is composed of three (3) main programs

a. Civic Welfare Serviceb. Law Enforcement Servicec. Military Service

Corazon Aquino Signed the Citizen Armed Force or Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act (R.A. 7077) Enacted on July 23, 1990 and signed into law on June 27, 1991 Provide opportunity for people to be a part of the State’s citizen armed forces that has the

mandate to safeguard the country in assisting the socio-economic development. Section 38 states that the military training for students enrolled in colleges, universities and

similar institution of learning is mandatory pursuant to the National Defence Act and the 1987 Constitution.

Section 39 provide for the establishment of ROTC units in colleges and universities in the Philippines.

2002 R.A. 9163 “NSTP law of 2002” was signed. The same year was the promulgation of its IRR. In the year 2007 it was revised as advanced by the ROTC sector

Generalization: The main thrust of this training program is for the students to conceptualize and implement

environmental projects within the school community.

Post Activity: EssayWrite a four (4) Paragraph essay on how you can promote the general welfare of the members of the school community. (Based your answer from the lesson discussed)

Assignment:I. Bring the following materials by next meeting;a. Pair of scissorsb. 4-5 bond papersc. Crayons/markers

II. Research the following:a. Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitutionb. New Panatang Makabayan (Patriot’s oath)

LESSON 2: CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

Pre-Activity:a. Ask the student to cut a cloud from a bond paper.b. Have the students name their cloud “Wilson Cloud”c. Write the word cloud vertically down the other side.d. Write a phrase that will describe themselves using each letter that form the word “Cloud”e. Let the student share it to the classf. Reinforced the students by stating that they have a high level of self-awareness. g. Ask the student to define self- awareness in their own words

SELF AWARENESS One’s ability to take note of himself/herself. It refers to the most important emotional competence in which an individual knows his or her

intuitions, resources, preference, and internal states. It is having a crystal clear perception of one’s personality which includes his/her strengths,

weaknesses, emotions, motivation, beliefs, and thoughts. It requires regular reflection of one’s action and or reaction, realization and learning. A pre-requisite towards development.

Activity:How can self-awareness be the key to positive change?

Self-awareness is the ultimate enabler Without knowing the significant detail about one self, implementing conscious and positive

change is difficult and having a knowledge of one’s strength, weaknesses, emotions, and motivation, beliefs, and thought would equip someone to determine what is working for him and not.

E.GBreaking a bad habit- awareness of the effects the bad habit in one self.

Activity:Do you have a bad habit that you want to break after being aware of the effects that it could bring to your life?

Five Key areas of self- awarenessa. Personality

Refer to a number of characteristics that come from an individual It involves how one behave, thinks, and feel. An individual must be familiar with his distinct personality in order to find/avoid situation that

would suit/cause him/her too much stress.E.GAn extrovert person should find a job that involves dealing with people.

b. Values A quality, principle, or standard that serve as an individual’s tool to render any moral and

rational decision. It usually come as a system of beliefs, which are freely chosen by the individual, prized, publicly

affirmed, and acted upon.

c. Habit It refers to a good or bad behaviour and activity that an individual does /acts regularly. Self- awareness is important in order for a person to implement a significant changes in his life Awareness of one’s bad habit can enable individual to interact effectively with and manage

others.d. Need

A condition or situation in which something is required and wanted Involves motivation for something to come to fruition.

Maslow Hierarchy of needsAbraham Maslow

An American psychologist Provided a detailed explanation on Human needs (1943) A theory of Human motivation Known also as Hierarchy of needs The bottom of the pyramid is comprised of basic human needs The top of the pyramid is composed of needs for self-actualization

The person must fulfil from physiological, safety, love/belonging, and esteem before fulfilling the needs for self-actualization.

Self-actualization Refer to the final level of psychological development that can be achieved when all basic and

mental needs are fulfilled and the actualization of the full personal potential takes place. An individual aware of his need enables him/her to understand and carry all his interpersonal

relationship A fulfilled need brings satisfaction; otherwise, it can cause conflict, frustration, and stress.

e. Emotion Refer to an extreme form of mental state in which an individual experiences stimulation and

pleasant and unpleasant psychological mood. It acts to encourage an individual to do a task by dictating how much motivation he has for a

specific activity. An individual is emotionally aware if he/she understand his/her own feelings, what causes them,

and how they make an impact to his or her thoughts and action.

Characteristic of a person Who Is Emotionally Aware:a. Aware of his/her own feelingb. Knows why feelings occur.c. Understand implication of emotionsd. Pays attention to the physical sign that aroused in stressful situationknow his own strength and weaknesses and understand his own emotion and the impact of his behaviour on others in a diverse situation.

Activity:1. What skills have I acquired that I am proud of?2. What accomplishment am I proud of?Beginning when I was a child, what are the 10 most significant events in my life? Why did I make significant?

4. What period of my life that I liked most? The least? Why?5. What are five (5) of my greatest strength and weaknesses?6. What do I desire right now? Why do I desire that?7. If I was to receive an award, what would I want that award to be for? Why that?

Filipino Values Orientation

Activity:1. Describe the pictures shown in slide 6Answer: All of them are Filipino values2. Give at least three (3) values that can be exclusively identified to Filipinos. Explain

Filipino Values system A product of the people’s culture, tradition, and way of life. It clearly defines original character and identity of an individual known as the Filipino.

Four (4) fold of Filipino values

Despite the existence of universal human values, there are still values that are exclusive to the Filipinos

Every nation clearly define its value system and each of them are distinct

E.G All people talk but they speak different languages The Chinese culture puts much emphasis on Honesty and Hard work while the Japanese

dwells too much on politeness a beauty. On the other hand, Filipino puts much emphasis on faith in God.

Filipino value system continues to evolve among people

E.G The Filipino Concept of Justice: Evolved from inequality to equality to human dignity

The emergence of values involving overpopulation, environment, and preservation of human rights among others is brought by different social issues

Underlined the following values provided in the Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution1. Almighty God2. Just and Humane Society3. Promote Common good4. Patrimony5. Posterity6. Independence7. Democracy

8. Rule of Law9. Truth10. Justice11. Freedom12. Love13. Equality14. Peace

Basic Filipino Values1. Unity

Filipino wants to be one people They cherished each other even if they are separated by distance

2. Patriotism Filipinos want the best for the Philippines They want their country respected and honoured not only by its citizen but as well as the

foreigners.3. Faith in almighty God

Filipinos are very religious They try to establish a relationship with God through different rituals and churches.

4. Respect for life Filipinos want their life to be preserved, nurtured, and protected from harm and death. They are against the taking of life even from the unborn

5. Respect for law and government Filipinos want the rule of law be upheld by all Citizens and complied with it. Government and its arms must be treated with respect

6. Truth Filipino wants themselves and others to be true, not only in words but also in deeds. Honesty is the best policy

7. Justice Filipinos want their relationship with one another that is govern by moral and legal Every citizen must be given with due process before conviction or acquittal.

8. Freedom Filipinos want each one to exercise his/her freedom of will responsibly with regard to the

right/freedom of others They cherished their independence from foreign power

9. Love Filipino wants a harmonious relationship in every sphere of life, love and to be loved. Love still begets love

10. Equality Filipino wants everyone to get fair treatment and have equal access to opportunities regardless

of religion, physical ability, cultural affiliation, gender etc.11. Peace

Filipino wants to live in a serene and secure community with harmonious relationship among its members.

12. Promotion of the common good Filipino want all others to meet their basic minimum needs such as food, clothing, and shelter

13. Concern for Family and future generation Filipino wants the best for their family members as well as the future generation

14. Concern for environment Filipino wants nature and their surroundings to be preserved and nurtured in line with

sustainable environment15. Order

Filipino want organization, system, and predictability in all aspects of their life They don’t want to reign in the anarchy and chaos, though they leave a room for chance

16. Work

Filipino values their job and career, for they are the means with which the majority support their family and provided their basic needs.

Activity:Classify the Filipino values according to “The good Citizenship Values Clustered”a. Pagkamaka-Diyosb. Pagkamaka-Taoc. Pagkamakabayand. Pagkamaka-kalikasan

Answer are provided in slide 14

The duties and obligation of the Citizens Enumerated in the Patriot Oath ‘Panatang Makabayan”

Duties Something that one is expected or required to do by moral and legal obligation

1. To be loyal to the Republic Filipinos must have faith and confidence to the Republic as embodied by the government and

State They considered the Philippines as their homeland and the home of their forefathers, parents,

children, and grandchildren.

2. To defend the State Defence from foreign invaders and exploitation Doesn’t only include internal but also external defence against forces which try to topple the

State or defy the rule of law.3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the State

Filipinos are part of the State and receive benefit from the government and in return it is their duty to pay their taxes willingly, help maintain peace and order conserve the natural resources and patronize local products and trade.

4. To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws Filipinos must uphold the Constitution and obey the law set forth by the government or else it

will result into anarchy and disorder.5. To cooperate with the duly constituted authorities

Filipinos must cooperate with duly constituted leaders and accord the same respect to uniformed figures of the government.

6. To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others Filipinos must exercise their rights and freedom responsibly. They must learn to live with others who also have the same rights and freedom as they do to

foster harmony.7. To engage in gainful work

Filipinos must work in order to live and gain the basic necessities of life It is their duty to be a productive member of the society and not become a burden to his/her

countryman.8. To register and vote

Filipinos have to participate in the electoral process by registering and voting during plebiscites

This is the essence of a democratic republic Suffrage is both a privilege and a duty that every qualified citizen must perform

Post activityGroup work: Prepare a five (5) minute skit or role play on the two (2) chosen Filipino values

Assignment:Research the worst disaster/calamities that struck the Philippines in the previous years.

LESSON 3: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT

Pre- Activity1. Bring out a stress ball and tell the class whoever catches it should at least give an example of a disaster film in less than 5 seconds and toss the ball to his/her other classmate.

Independence Day Armageddon The Core Deep impact The day after tomorrow Dante’s peak

Earthquake The towering inferno Titanic The perfect storm Apollo 13

2. Ask the student of their researched worst disaster in the Philippines in the previous years

The Philippines has been the natural laboratory for floods, typhoon, monsoon rain, earthquakes, volcanic eruption, and landslides. That is why our government and the whole society should think, act and respond to the current and emerging risk that continually face them.

Ask the students what comes to their mind when they hear the word “disaster”

Disaster Refer to the impact of a natural or human made hazard that negatively affects the society and

environment Most of the time all disasters are human made due to their actions It is an extreme disruption of the functioning of a society that causes widespread human,

material, or environmental losses that exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using only its own resources.

Natural/environmental disruption such as earthquake, landslides, and typhoon shouldn’t be considered as disasters as long as it didn’t adversely and seriously affect human life, livelihood and property.

Group activity: 1. Pretending that there is a typhoon coming which is expected to inflict vast damages2. Ask the students to list down the plans and preparations that they will do BEFORE the anticipated disaster that they think that will minimize damages and losses and entitled it with “Disaster Preparedness”3. Ask the student to share their answer to the class

Disaster preparedness It refer to knowledge and capacities developed by the government, professional response and

recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to and recover from the impact of disaster

It seeks to prepare for and reduce the adverse effects of environmental disruption to human life, livelihoods and property.

It pertains to measure which enable government agencies, private organizations, communities, and individual to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster situation.

Hazard It refers to a potential occurrence in a specific time period and geographic area, of a natural

phenomenon that may adversely affect human life, property or activity to the extent of causing a disaster.

Health Hazard Refer to a virus or disease that can threaten the normal function of the human body.

Environmental hazard Refer to a threat to the environment Can be in a form of illegal logging, air pollution, and improper waste segregation.

Activity:Ask the student to describe what they see in Slide 5

The disasters may slightly or greatly affect people’s lives and their properties. In disaster preparedness studies, the people and properties affected by a hazardous event is called vulnerability.

Types of Vulnerability:

a. Structure/physical Refer to a structure that is likely to be damaged or disrupt by a hazardous event For a property to be less vulnerable, it should have appropriate structural details

b. Human A relative lack of capacity of a person or community to anticipate, copes with, resist and recover

from the impact of a hazardous event. Factors that increased human vulnerability are;

a. Urbanizationb. Population growthc. Lack of knowledge on how to effectively resist the effects of disasterd. Poverty

In a reference entitled ‘Introduction to disaster management’, there are two (2) types of vulnerabilitya. Tangible/material (People, property, economy, and environment)b. Intangible/Abstract (Social structures, cultural practices, cohesion, motivation)

Activity:Go back to slide 5 and identify the following;a. Structural/physical/tangible materialb. Human vulnerability/ intangible /abstract vulnerability

Classification of disaster It is important in order to know the appropriate preparedness , response, risk reduction

measures, and the agencies involved.

1. According to cause Disasters named after the cause of their hazards which bring devastating effects on human lives

E.G: Earth Quake

2. Speed of onseta. Rapid onset disaster

Refer to abrupt hazardous event that poses a very little warning It is also devastating event that causes suffering in the social and economic conditions of the

people. Earthquakes, floods, storm, wind, tornadoes, mud flow

b. Slow onset disaster A hazardous event that acts like a ticking bomb waiting to explode at a certain time It gradually destroyed or slow down a particular area in the society. Droughts, famine, environmental degradation, deforestation, and pest infestation

3. Acts of nature or acts of humansa. Natural disaster

Caused by environmental occurrence which are most of the time inevitable Floods, drought, tidal waves

b. Human made disaster Disasters that are caused by human action since it is a part of human nature to pursue their

selfish interest. Chemical or industrial accident, environmental pollution, transport accident, political

unrest/war.

Disaster preparedness Measuresa. Hazardous, risk and vulnerability assessment

Disaster preparedness should be based on the characteristics and frequency and severity of the hazard in the community.

Geographical risk profile of the community Ability of all sectors to cope with its effect

b. Response mechanism and strategies Refer to emergency responses which includes: Evacuation procedure Search and rescue team Preparation for emergency reception centres and shelter

c. Preparedness plan Vital in disaster preparedness and management since it seeks to identify the resources of a

particular organization that is tasked to respond on disastersd. Coordination

Groups involved should be well coordinated in implementing the disaster plane. Information management

Data gathering and information are vital in providing hazard and early warning information needs, assessment, and progress of post- disaster recovery.

f. Early warning system Detecting, forecasting, and issuing alert and for this to be effective all data extracted and

assessment should be used.g. Resource mobilization

Disaster coordinating agencies should devise a strategy, agreement and procedure for mobilizing and acquiring emergency funds, supplies, and equipment in the event of disaster

h. Public, education, training, rehearsal

Community official and private volunteers should educate the people with regards to disaster preparedness and systematic emergency response in order for them to be protected from devastating effects of the disasters.

i. Community based disaster preparedness (CBDP) Refer to a process that seeks to developed and implement a locally appropriate and locally

owned strategy for disaster preparedness and risk reduction.

Disaster management A science of implementing mitigated actions or preventive measures and developing emergency

preparedness to lessen the probability of a disaster occurring. It is a part of the disaster preparedness Occurs during and after a hazardous event strikes. Its main goal is to prevent possible losses (either structural/physical vulnerability or human

vulnerability) Shouldn’t only be done before and during the disaster since it should be sustainable after the

disaster so as to help the affected people restore their lives and start all over again.

Component of disaster management1. Prevention- action to prevent the occurrence of a disaster to a community.2. Warning- information given to members of a community about an impeding hazard event3. Mitigation- programs intended to reduce the ill effects of disaster4. Preparedness- measures which enables people to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster situation5. Disaster impact- remind us that the impact of disaster can vary between different type of disaster6. Response- measures taken immediately prior to and following disaster impact.7. Recovery- process by which communities and organization are assessed in returning their proper level of functioning following disaster.8. Development- provides the link between disasters related activities and national development.

Post activityI. Toss the stress ball to any student and challenge him/her to share to the whole class his/her definition of the word disaster based from the previous discussion or any of the following discussion:a. Define disaster preparednessb. Define hazardc. Differentiate structural or physical and human vulnerabilityd. Name the three (3) disaster classificatione. Define disaster managementf. Identify the component of disaster management

II. SharingAsk the student to work in pair and share each other personal experience on how they survived a particular disaster like Ondoy and Habagat. Then write their appropriate response/survival method should a specific disaster occur. E.G Earthquake

Assignment:Research the Philippines total land area, land and sea boundaries, topography, and climate.

LESSON 4: DISASTER RISK PROFILE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Pre-Activity:Pinoy Henyo1. Baguio2. Antique3. Zamboanga

In studying the disaster risk profile of the Philippines, it would be appropriate to have a short discussion about the country’s basic information.

Strategic Location: The Philippines is located in Southeast Asian Region

Latitude- refers to an imaginary line from east to west and measures the distance of a specific location/point in the equator.

This particularly specifies if the country is located north or south of equator.Equator- is an imaginary line that equally divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.Longitude- refers to an imaginary line that originates from the northern to southern part of the globe.

It measures the distance of a specific location/point from prime meridianPrime Meridian- it is also an imaginary line that equally divides the Earth into Eastern and western Hemisphere.

Total Land Area; The Philippines measures 300,242,943 sq. km. The Philippines is:

a. Larger than Great Britain, Yugoslavia, New Zealand, and Ecuador.b. a little smaller than Spain or Pollandc. Twice larger than Cuba and Greeced. about as large as Italy

Land and Sea Boundaries N and W: West Philippine Sea E- Pacific Ocean S- Celebes Sea and Sulu sea

The northern point of the Philippines is Y’Ame Isle which is 78 mile from Taiwan while the southernmost point is Saluag Isles, which is only 34 miles east of Borneo.

Topography:Land forms: a. Mountain (Isarog, Makiling)b. Hills (Himontagon, Chocolate)c. Volcanoes (Mayon, Taal)d. Plateaus (Lanao, Tiruray table land)e. Valley (Cagayan, Cotabato, Marikina)

Water forms:a. Rivers (Rio Grande de Cagayan)b. Spring (Tiwi, Los Banos, Pandi)c. Lakes (Laguna, Mainit)d. Falls (Pagsanjan, Hinulugang taktak)e. Seas/Ocean (Philippine, Sulu)f. Gulf (Albay, Lagonoy)g. Bays (Manila, Baler, Butuan)

Basic Topography of the Philippines Has 7107 islands Has a rocky and uneven islands with mountain Has an extensive coastline of 34,600 (Twice longer than the U.S) Has rivers and stream that serve as highway for transportation and agriculture purposes. Has active, dormant and distinct volcanoes Has beautiful and precious coral reefs

Climate: The Philippines has tropical marine climate which is dominated by wet and dry season Annual temperature is 26.6 Celsius; 28.3 Celsius during summer and 25.5 Celsius during rainy

months.

Disaster profile of the PhilippinesQuiz on hand out 51. What was the basis of the Citizen’s Disaster response Centre for saying that the Philippines was the world’s most disaster hit country in 2011?2. What were the disasters mentioned in the news article?3. Based on the assumption featured by the said news article, would you agree that the Philippines is one of the disaster prone countries in the world? Explain your answer.

Note:No doubt that the Philippines is one of the most disaster prone countries in the World due to its location, physical characteristic and even the practices of the Filipinos with regard to disaster preparedness and management. That is why we need to study the Disaster risk profile of our country in order to understand the reasons why the Philippines is vulnerable to a wide variety of natural and man-made.

Philippines has been one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world The Non- government Citizen Disaster Response Centre (CDRC) said that in 2011, the natural

disaster in the Philippines surge to 50% making our country as the world’s most disaster hit country.

Factors which contribute on why the Philippine is vulnerable to a variety of Natural disastera. Fault line- a crack on earth surface which appears when 2 tectonic plate butts against each other.

The Philippines is situated along with two (2) major tectonic plates- the Eurasian and Pacific plate.

According to NDRRMC, there are average of 20 earthquakes per day and around 100-150 earthquakes felt per year.

The Philippines has 220 volcanoes in which 22 of them are very active.

The volcanic eruption is a hazardous and detrimental to human as it bring a series of destructive earthquake and massive lava flows.

Active Volcanoes in the Philippines:a. Taalb. Mayonc. Canlaond. Bulusan

The most recent eruption is the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption The Philippines lies within the Western Pacific Basin (One of the areas in the world where

thunderstorm, monsoon, inter tropical convergence zone, and other weather disturbances are generated)

From June to December, an average of 20 typhoons hit the country with strong winds, intense rainfall and flooding.

Most storm come from southeast with their frequency generally increasing from south to north.

Because the Philippine is always visited by destructive tropical cyclones, flooding in some areas are inevitable. In addition, it is also being caused by the government failure to implement an effective disaster risk approached and reduction.

The Philippines is composed of 7,107 islands spanning 1,840 kilometres from north to south. It has 36,289 kilometres of coastline vulnerable to tsunami. The Philippines also has a wide variety of human made disaster such as sea, land and air

accidents and armed conflict especially in the southern part of the Philippines. People living in the urban, flood and slide prone area are vulnerable to disaster which also

perpetuate economic deprivation and marginalization.

Top determinant of vulnerability to Natural disaster in the Philippines include:a. Urbanization

Unplanned and unsystematic urbanization can increase the vulnerability The Philippines had about 1.2 million families of informal settlers who are at risk to typhoon and

flooding.b. Environmental degradation

People living in an area where there are declining forests are prone to landslide, drought, and flooding.

c. Climate change One of the major environmental issue over the past decade It doesn’t only pose threat on climate but as well to economy, health, safety, and survival of

human population. Signs of climate change and its effects: Shifting of weather patterns/ threaten food production

through increased unpredictability , rising sea level/contamination of coastal freshwater reserves and increase of catastrophic flooding , warming atmosphere/the spread of pest and diseases once limited to the tropics.

The Philippines is expected to experience substantial rise in sea level, making 70% of the 1,500 municipalities located along the coast that are vulnerable to this phenomenon.

The country is also has a longer episode of drought/ El Nino causing a large drop in the volume of agricultural production and sharp decline in GDP.

Application:1. Let the student discuss the different disaster risk of their city/province.2. Identify the projects that the government and N.G.O are implementing to lessen the identified disaster risk and assess its effectiveness of these projects.3. Group sharing

LESSON 5: DISASTER RESPONSE

Pre-Activity: How will you respond?a. Fireb. A hazardous or biohazard spillc. An Earthquaked. Floodinge. Bomb threat

These are considered as disasters/calamities

Government/N.G.O are in the Philippines that provides response and assistance to people affected by disaster and calamities:a. PNRCb. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councilc. Rescue 5d. Philippine Coast Guard

These are very vital in providing response to any emergency incident in the society in order to reduce the loss of life and mitigate the destructive effects of disaster risk.

Disaster Response It is a part of disaster management that grants direct assistance to people affected by expected

or unexpected disasters and emergencies. Composed of a wide range of disaster activities that involve maintenance of life, improvement

of health, and moral support to the affected population.

Composition:a. Experienced and highly technical leadersb. Trained personnelc. Sufficient resourcesd. Effective communication tools e. Well defined framework on how to react during emergency

Aims of Disaster response; To make sure that a large number of people affected are in their best of health To supply whatever the affected people need as sufficient and quickly possible so as to make

them feel that everything is under control. To ensure that the damaged infrastructures are quickly repaired and replaced in order for the

victims to move on in their respective lives. In cases of civil/international conflict (WAR), the aim is to ensure that the rights and safety of

the civilian population are protected and well taken care of. This can be done if the local disaster response group will be teaming up with the PNRC and other disaster response team.

PNRC A duly recognized organization by the international Red Cross and Red Crescent movement that

is committed to provide life-saving services that will protect the life and dignity of the people especially the Indigent.

The PNRC provides six (6) major services:a. Blood Service Disaster Management services

b. Safety Servicesc. Community Health and Nursing servicesd. Social servicese. Volunteer Services

Disaster Response Activities:1. Warning- present facts about the potential effects and threat of the disaster2. Evacuation and migration- movements of the victim away from the area where there is a great risk of danger.3. Search and rescue- process of extending help and assistance to those who are devastated by the Calamity.4. Post Disaster assessment- provides a detailed picture of what occurred and the damages as well as the casualties.5. Response and relief- response in a form of contingency plan is important after a disaster strikes. Relief materials include shelter, clothing, food, water and the means of preparing it.6. Logistic and Supply- Resource supply in cases of disaster7. Communication and Information Management- Radios, telephone, and their supporting system of repeaters, satellite and transmission areas.8. Survivor response and coping- sensitivity to the survivor’s need in order for the victims to recover easily from trauma and disruption caused by disasters 9. Security- Personnel should see to it that the rights of every victim is protected from injury10. Emergency response team- Policies and procedure for management requirements in order to cope with the devastating effects of disasters.11. Rehabilitation- an activity which aims to resume the usual operation of the basic services, help the victim to cope up with the challenges and difficulties brought about by the disaster.12. Reconstruction- the act of bringing back the original function of thing or institution by repairing the damages on the physical structures.

Traditional and Modern Approaches to Disaster response

Disaster response comes with either traditional or modern approaches which depend on the type of disaster.

TRADITIONAL:a. Humanitarian- Material or logistic assistanceb. Remittance- Money/cash donated by others to sustain the needs .c. Volunteerism- offering the services of people to those who are in need.d. Mutual Aid and Agreement- agreement between local and foreign government which provide funds for those people who will be affected by a potential disaster risk.

MODERN:a. Cell phone- Useful in disseminating short but important messages which can warn people to an imminent danger of a particular disaster.b. Spatial information- Form of satellite system which has the capability to monitor activities on the surface of the earth.

Example:1. Geographic information system2. Remote sending system (SATELLITE IMAGERY)3. Systems4. Global Positioning System (GPS)c. Social media and social Networking- aside from its purpose to serve as a channel for the people to post their professional and personal messages, experiences, photos etc. it can also be a tool to emergency response communication.

Evaluation: Quiz 06

LESSON 6: FIRST AID

Activity:1. Prepare the following:a. First aid kitb. White Papers where the following words are written:- Cardiac Arrest- Anaphylaxis- Insect Sting- Controlling bleeding- Laceration/Abbrasion

- Puncture wounds- Shock- Burns- Open fracture- Dislocation- Sprains and strains

c. Student hand outs

Pre-Activity:Flash pps1 and instruct the students to find as many words (related to first aid) they can on the puzzle.

- Burn- Help- Adult- Wash- Band aid- Hands- Water- Burn

- Clean- Bandage- Germ- Teeth- Quick- Hurt- Brush

Basic first Aid

Refer to the provision of limited care for an illness or injury which is provided usually by a lay person to a sick or injured person until the injured person is brought to the hospital.

Consist of series of simple, sometimes life-saving medical techniques that an individual with or without formal medical training, can be trained with minimal treatment.

No one knows when the emergency will occur and therefore people should know how to react quickly in such emergency situation which is crucial.

Aims of first aid:a. Preserve lifeb. Prevent further injuryc. Promote recoveryd. Protect ourselves

Core priority in giving first aid:a. Breathingb. Bleedingc. Bone

Qualities of effective first aiders:a. Gentleb. Observantc. Resourceful

d. Sympathetice. Tactfulf. Cheerful

Important points to remember when giving first aid:1. Universal Precaution

Steps used to reduce the risk of infecting the rescuer and other victims. E.g. using alcohol and sanitizer when there is no available soap and water for hand washing

2. Safety first Safety for the victims, the bystander, as well as the safety of the first aider. Before a first aider could help the victim he/she must be sure that the scene is safe. When something is observed unsafe, do not attempt to rescue or save instead seek professional

help.Basic steps in an Emergencya. Check the scene and the victim

Is the scene safe? What happened? How many victims are there? Can bystanders help?

b. Call the local emergency number If there is only one first aider. Do not leave the victim to call for professional help ask someone

from the bystander to do so.c. Care for the victims

Always care for life- threatening emergencies first Keep in mind the ABC’s when prioritizing and giving care

a. Air wayb. Breathingc. Circulation

d. Do no further harm First aider should know when or when not to move the victim. If in doubt, he/she must not proceed with helping the victim and must ask for a professional

help instead.

First Aid kit: It is composed of medical supplies and equipment that are used in rendering first aid. Content may vary depending on the expertise and knowledge of a first aider. A well stock first aid kit can help us respond effectively to common injuries and emergencies. Every home should keep at least one (1) kit.

Emergency Situations Ask the students to turn their hand outs on page 2a. Cardiac emergency/Arrest

Occurs when the heart stop beating/beats weekly which disabled the blood to circulate normally.

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of cardiac arrest. Other causes includes:1. Drowning2. Suffocating3. Certain drugs4. Severe injuries to the chest5. Severe loss of blood6. Electrocution

A victim of Cardiac arrest is not breathing and doesn’t have pulse

The victim in arrest needs cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR which is a combination of rescue breathing and chest compression.

Show the CPR video to the student

b. Anaphylaxis An allergic and anaphylaxis reaction caused by skin contact (e.g. poison plants, animal scratches,

pollen, latex), injection (e.g. bee sting, radiographic dyes), ingestion (e.g. medication, fast food additives) and inhalation (e.g. pollen, dust/dust mites, molds and mild dew, animal dander)

A person under this is under anaphylactic shock may experience difficulty in breathingbecause at this moment his/her tongue swells (Air passage)

Basic first Aid For allergic reaction, remove the allergen or the person where the allergen is present as quickly

as possible. Call the local medical emergency number Check for special medication that the person might be carrying to treat the allergy and

administer Have the person lie still on his/her back with feet higher than head Loosen the clothing, do not give any drinks or food If there is vomiting or bleeding from the mouth, turn the person on his/her side to prevent

chocking. If there are no sign of circulation begin the CPR

c. Insect Strings: Its common sign of a sting is painful, swelling, itching and redness in the sting site Severe swelling all over the body/face, tongue, lips, weakness, dizziness, breathing/swallowing

difficulty, and death due to airway obstruction.

Basic First Aid If the victim has a history of allergy to insect asks if he/she carries medication and administer it. Gently scrape out the stinger as soon as possible. Use a card size or fingernail. Do not put the stinger out using finger or tweezers since it contain venom Clean sting area with soap and water Apply cold compress for 15-20 minutes Keep the sting area lower than the level of the heart Administer pain medication if necessary

d. WoundsCommon Type:1. Bruise (Contusion) - damage to soft tissues and blood vessel causes bleeding under the skin2. Scrape (Abrasion) - most common type of wound that is caused by skin that has been rubbed or scraped away.3. Cut (Incision) - it may have jagged or smooth edges. It is commonly caused by sharp edges objects and can result when a blow from a blunt object splits the skin.4. Avulsion- a cut in which a portion of the skin or other soft tissue is partially or completely torn away.5. Puncture- caused when a pointed object pierces the skin.

Basic First Aid1. Controlling bleedinga. Cover the wound with dressing and press firmly with handb. Elevate arm above the level of heartc. Cover the dressing with a roller bandaged. If the bleeding doesn’t stop apply additional dressing and squeeze artery against the bonee. If bleeding is from the leg, press with the heel of your where the leg bends at the hip. 2. Bruisea. Apply a cold compress/pack to the bruised areas as soon as possible (15 minutes from the injury).b. Keep it compressed for 10 minutes at a time and apply with a gentle pressurec. Take it off for 30-60 minutesd. Repeat it for 2 dayse. Rest the bruised area and raise it above the level of heartf. two days after the injury, apply warm compress for 20 minutesg. Do not apply bandage or dressing to bruiseh. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen or mefenamic acid may be given if the pain is tolerable.

3. Laceration and abrasion Control/stop bleeding by applying gentle pressure with a clean cloth or bandage, hold it for 20-

30 minutes Rinse out the wound with a clean water and soap, no need to used iodine, hydrogen peroxide

etc. If dirt remains in the wound after washing use a tweezers cleaned with alcohol to remove the

particles. Apply thin layer of antibiotic cream or ointment after cleaning. Cover the wind with sterile gauze/bandage. After the wound has healed enough to make

infection unlikely, exposure to the air will speed wound healing Change the dressing at least daily or when it becomes wet and dirty. For deep wound, go to the Hospital to have it checked if it needs stitches. A minor cut can be

held together by a strip or two surgical tapes. Observed for a sign of infection- redness, increasing pain, drainage, warmth or swelling. If the wound is deep or dirty and the person’s last shot of tetanus is five years ago, a doctor may

recommend a tetanus shot booster within 48 hours.4. Puncture

Control bleeding y putting direct pressure on wound and hold it for 15 minutes Deep wounds require immediate medical attention. For minor wounds, apply the same steps for aiding laceration and abrasion.

5. Shock A life threatening condition in which the circulatory system to deliver blood to all aprts of the

body. This may result to trauma, severe bleeding, heat stroke, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis,

severe infection, poisoning or other causes.Basic first aid

Call the emergency number Have the person lie down his/her back Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing, or movement) if absent, begin CPR

Control any external bleeding Elevate the legs 8-12 inches unless head, neck or back injuries movement in but if it will cause

pain or further injury keep the patient flat. Keep the person’s in a minimum as much as possible. Keep the person warm and comfortable. Loosen belt and tight clothing Do not give anything in the mouth, even if the person complains of thirst Turn the person on his/her side to prevent choking.

6. Burn A burn is a damaged to the body’s tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or

radiation. Burn can cause infection and loss of fluid from the body and can damage the body’s ability to

control its temperature and the victim’s ability to breath.Types of Burn:a. Superficial burn (1st degree)-involve only the top layer of the skin (red and dry)b. Partial- thickness (2nd degree)- involve the top layer of the skin (red, has blisters that may open and weep clear fluid making the skin appear wet)c. Full thickness burn (3rd degree)- destroys all layers of the skin and any of the underlying structures (fat, muscles, bone, and nerves)

Basic first aid Cool the burn by placing the burned area under cold running water for five minutes Cover the burn with a dry, sterile gauze bandage and wrap it loosely Take an over the counter pain reliever Watch out for signs of infection.

7. Injuries to muscles, bones and jointBasic types:a. Fracture

A partial or complete break in the bone Kinds:a. Complete- the bone snaps into 2 or more partsb. Incomplete- the bone cracks but doesn’t break all the way throughc. Open (compound) - the skin over fracture has been damaged or brokend. Close (simple) - the skin is intact and no wound exist anywhere near the fracture site

b. Dislocation Is the movement of the bone at a joint away from its normal position usually caused by a violent

force tearing the ligaments that hold the bone in placed. The injury will deform and immobilize the joint, may result to pain, swelling, and discoloration. Dislocation can cause damage to the membrane lining the joint Shoulders are the most prone to dislocation injuries as well as fingers, hips, ankles, elbows and

jaws and the spine A dislocated vertebrae in the spine often damages the spinal cord and can paralyze the body

parts lower than the injury site.c. Sprain

An injury to a ligament caused by excessiveness stretching. Ankle and knee sprains occur most often than wrist and finger sprains.

Often result from a fall, a sudden twist or a blow that forces the joint out of its normal position resulting to a tear in the ligament.

d. Strain Muscle strain, pull or tear involves damage to a muscle or its attaching tendons. Strains are often caused by lifting something heavy or working a muscle too hard. Muscle in the neck, back, thigh, or the back of the lower leg are frequently the site of strain

injury.

Basic first aid for injuries to muscles, bones and joints. 1. Open Fracture

Monitor for sign of shock Control bleeding by applying pressure to the wound Immobilized the injured area by applying a splint Use firm material (folded newspaper, broomstick) for the splint

a. Support the injured area above and below the site of the injuryb. Check for feeling, warmth, and colourc. Place several folded triangular bandages above and below the injured area.d. Place injured area next to the injured areae. Tie triangular bandages securelyf. Recheck for feeling, warmth, and colour

After applying the splint, indirectly apply cold compress on the injured area for 30 seconds2. Dislocation

Needs immediate medical care, find medical help as soon as possible for this type of emergency Immobilize the injured area above and below the injured joint Do not press, move or reset a dislocated joint Apply cold compress to relieve pain and swelling.

3. Sprain and strain (P.R.I.C.E)P- Protect the injured limbR- Rest the injured limbI- Ice the areaC- Compress the area with an elastic wrap or bandageE- Elevate the injured limb above your heart in order to prevent or limit the swelling.

Breathing Emergencies Happens when a person breathing is so impaired that life is threatened.

Occurs in two ways:a. Breathing becomes difficultb. breathing stops

Causes: Obstructive airway Illness Respiratory condition Electrocution Shock Near drowning Heart attack Injury to the chest or lungs

Allergic reactions Drugs Poisoning

Happens to a person experiencing respiratory arrest:Respiratory Arrest

A condition in which the breathing stops It may be caused by illness, injury or an obstructed airway Respiratory distress can also lead to respiratory arrest A person in respiratory arrest gets no oxygen and the only way to keep the person’s respiratory

system is by providing rescue breathing.

Rescue Breathing A technique of breathing air into a person to supply the oxygen needed to survive. Do not stop rescue breathing unless:

a. The victim begin to breaths his/her ownb. The victim has no pulse, begin CPRc. Another rescuer with training equal to or greater than yours to take overd. You are too exhausted to continue

Types of airway obstruction:a. Airway obstruction

The most common cause of respiratory emergencies Types:

1. Anatomical Obstruction- When the airway is block by anatomical structure (tongue, swollen tissue of the mouth and throats)- May result from injury to the neck or a medical emergency

2. Mechanical obstruction- Occurs when the air way is block by a foreign objects (food, a small toy, or fluids like vomit, blood, mucus, saliva, or water)

Common causes of choking:a. Trying to swallow a large and poorly chewed foodb. Drinking alcohol before or during meal- alcohol dulls (reduce the ability) the nerve that aid swallowingc. Wearing dentures-difficulty of chewing the food welld. Eating too fast, eating while talking or laughinge. Walking, playing, or running with food or object in the mouth

A person who is choking may experience the following:1. Partial airway obstruction- A person experiencing this can still move air to and from the lungs- This air allows the person to cough in an attempt to dislodge (remove) the object- The victim has still enough air entering lungs to breathe and therefore encourage him/her to continue coughing to clear obstruction.

2. Complete airway obstruction- A partial can become complete airway obstruction- A person who experience this will unable to speak, cru, breathe, or cough- Coughing weakly and ineffectively is a sign that the victim is not getting enough air to the lungs that sustain life.

Application:1. Divide the class into several groups and ask a representative to pick one paper (folded).2. Ask the students to make a four (4) minute demonstration; they may use their hand out for reference