Cvetnic Demo NDIA
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Transcript of Cvetnic Demo NDIA
8/8/2019 Cvetnic Demo NDIA
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Approved for Public Release (03-S-1859)
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Reactive Materials in Mines and Demolitions Systems
Mark Cvetnic
Technical Director of Advanced Programs
ATK Missile Systems
4700 Nathan Lane NorthPlymouth, MN 55442-2512
(763) 744-5184
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Reactive Materials in Mines
³Dial-a-yield´ effects ± Tiered response -reactive materials in a blast weapon can tailor the blast effect to range from non-lethal(disorientation / discomfort / incapacitation) tolethal force.
Improved lethality ± reactivematerials improve performanceagainst personnel and vehicles.
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Reactive Material in Demolitions
Material Defeat ± Shoulder firedsystems that can defeat bunkerswithout penetrating. Increased targetset and effectiveness of SLAM.
Road Cratering ± smaller binaryshaped charge jets can create thesame hole as the current two stagedemolition system (shaped charge jetfor hole drilling and C-4 for enlarginghole and upheaval of debris).
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Reactive Materials (RM)
What is a Reactive Material? ± Any compositionthat is compatible with explosives, shock initiated,
and has dependable release of energy (rate and
amount).
Intermetallics ± SHS reactions ± Metals + Al, C or B
± Primary Reaction: metal + metal = alloy + heat
± Secondary Reaction: alloy + oxygen = oxide + heat
Thermites ± Metal + Metal Oxide
± High reaction temperatures, no gas.
Metal / Halogen ± Al + Teflon reaction
± Key focus area of reactive fragments.
Ultra Fine Aluminum Particles ± nano-energetics
± Used with AP or KP to form rocket propellants.
Metal Hydrides ± AlH3 and TiH4. ± Use compounds with hydrogen to as energy
carriers.
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Control of RM Reaction Rates.
Explosive energy ± high pressure short duration
Reactive A ± stoichiometric mix with small
particles designed to minimize total reaction time.
Reactive B ± stoichiometric mix with larger
particles designed to increase total reaction time
from Reactive A.
Reactive C ± fuel rich mix designed to maximize
total reaction time.
Why control the rate of oxidation? ± To tailor the peak pressure and
duration of the blast wave to maximize vulnerability of target.
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Generic Pressure ± Impulse Curves for target
Blast wave interaction with target Diffraction Loading ± differences of pressure occurs when blast wave passes. Function of
overpressure. Coupling is optimum when blast wave duration is ¼ the natural frequency of
target. Light weight targets are most susceptible.
Drag Coupling ± Targets damaged due to drag loading of rapid moving air. Drag load
damage increases when duration (impulse) of blast increases. Harder targets more
susceptible.
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Bowen PI Curves for Personnel
Data shown are human tolerance predictions for a 70-kg man in a free-stream blast wave (References 1 and 2).
1 Gibson, Philip W., ³Blast Overpressure and Survivability Calculations for Various Sizes of Explosive
Charges,´ United States Army Natick Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick,
Massachusetts, Report Number Natick/TR-95-003 (DTIC Accession Number AD-A286212), November 1994.
White, C.S., et al., ³The Biodynamics of Airblast,´ Defense Nuclear Agency, Report Number DNA2738T, July
1971.
10
100
1000
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Ove ess e se a sec s
e a k
O v e
e s s
e
s
1% u a 50% u a a age h e ho d
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RM in Blast / Fragmentation warheads
Reactive materials, used in conjunction with variable initiation schemes, cantailor the blast / fragmentation warhead effects:
Lethal fragments patterns using reactive fragments.
Lethal blast combining the blast from the explosives and the reactive fragments.
Non-lethal blast ± using the explosives and reactive fragments to createincapacitating blast wave.
Non-lethal discomfort ± high temperature impulse, with low pressure blast, create
discomfort zone. Non-lethal disorientation ± explosives and reactive materials to create high
intensity light
ATK¶s goal is a single RM blast / fragmentation warhead that can be tailored to deliver a tiered
response from disorientation to discomfort to incapacitation to lethal.
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Effects of RM in AP mines
Non-Lethal Blast Effects
The energy release from reactive materials can be tailored to react and emitspecific bands of light that cause temporary flash blindness
The longer reaction rates of reactive materials can produce significant heat andsustained low pressures (large impulse) that can cause discomfort anddisorientation
³Dial-a-yield´ effects ± Tiered response - reactive materials in a blast weapon cantailor the blast effect to range from non-lethal incapacitation to lethal force.
LethalNon-Lethal
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Lethal Effects of RM in mines
RM Fragmentation Lethal Effects
Equivalent Kinetic Energy as steel fragments - Current generation ATK Thiokolreactive materials have same density as steel, thus giving RM fragmentationweapons the same fragment kinetic energy.
Additional Chemical Energy from RM event ±reactive fragments can produce alarge amount of chemical energy in the form of temperature, light and/or pressure.
Blast Lethal Effects
Thermobaric - reactive materials can enhance the blast wave of conventionalexplosives.
Reactive fragment event in test chamber Thermobaric event in open
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Reactive Material Shaped Charge Jet
Flamethrower & Fuel Air Explosive ±
same f uel and oxidizer, different methods
of delivery.
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How to control energy release in a RM SCJ
Reaction rates in explosives are controlled by: Fuel type, size, and distribution
Oxidizer type, size, and distribution
Binder
RM SCJ are dynamic and additional parameters must be examined:
Fuel size and distribution are function of liner material and process used to create jet.
Oxidizer size and distribution function of jet interaction
Fuel Choice& SCJ Process
Jet & OxidizerInteraction
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Range of RM SCJ tested
Slow reaction rates
Medium reaction rates
Fast Reaction Rates
Maximum Penetration
Minimal Overpressure
Minor improvement over inert SCJ
Minimum Penetration
Maximum Overpressure
Best suited for cratering
Maintain penetration
Significant overpressure damage
Best suited for bunker defeat
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RM SCJ Bunker Defeat
Improved Effects ± Penetration
± Overpressure
± Impulse
± Heat / Temperature
Thermobaric Reaction after Reactive SCJ penetrates concrete wall
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Binary Road Cratering System
Target ± Concrete Slab with rebar
8 ft wide
+24 ft long
5 ½ inches thick with soil underneath.
Shaped Charge Jet
Conical
Diameter = 7.87 inches
Explosive weight = 11.65lbs
Oxidizer
Entrainment system
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Crater formed by binary system
Damage to Target
Crater Diameter > eight feet
Crater Depth = 52 inches
Depth of hole and upheaval of concrete demonstrates energy release of SCJ.
Potential for Road Cratering demonstrated.
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Contributions to this effort
ATK Ordnance and Ground Systems
ATK Thiokol Propulsion
Mike MatthewsConsultant
Sigma Labs
AFRL HERD
ATK Ammunition and Powder
ARDEC ±Picatinny Arsenal
Aerospace GroupHeadquarters
ATK Thiokol Propulsion ATK Composites
NAVSEA - Dahlgren
Lawrence LivermoreNational Labs.
General Science Inc
ATK Missile Systems
Los AlamosNational Labs
Aveka Inc
Technanogy
Battelle
NAVAIR - China Lake
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Questions?
Mark Cvetnic
Technical Director of Advanced Programs
ATK Missile Systems
4700 Nathan Lane NorthPlymouth, MN 55442-2512
(763) 744-5184