Cussons Brochure Complete

7/17/2019 Cussons Brochure Complete

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Mechanics of fluids

Thermodynamics

Automotive

Environmental & Clean Energies

Applied Mechanics

Process Control Engineering

Marine Hydrodynamics

Engineering Education

& Research Solutions



IntroductionCussons Technology was founded in 1876 and

specialises in the development and manufacture

of teaching and research equipment for

mechanical engineering and allied subjects.

Our customers are tertiary educational

establishments worldwide, research institutes

and government training establishments and

the research departments of national and

multinational companies.

In addition to the educational product range a

Division handling automotive research equipment

and facilities was developed and complemented

by new automotive teaching products which we

continue to develop.

Further expansion saw the company acquire

the rights to the well-respected Germanmanufacturer Kempf & Remmers marine

hydrodynamics research and naval architecture systems and products.

Cussons’ K&R brand continues to grow and today includes a range of compact

educational marine hydrodynamics and maritime studies resources.

The automotive and marine expansions of our core mechanical, fluid and

energy-related range have helped to consolidate Cussons’ position as a leader

in the supply of reliable, well-designed and supported, high quality solutions

for educational and research institutions worldwide.

At the heart of Cussons’ philosophy there has always been an understanding

that student commitment - so critical for success - is most effectivelyengendered by interesting, well-designed hands-on experimentation. Our

current equipment offer continues to embrace this principle and incorporates

modern computer technology for data acquisition and control.

The subjects Cussons specialises in are thermodynamics (including heat

transfer, refrigeration, air conditioning and steam engineering), automotive

technology, fluid mechanics, process control and instrumentation, theory of

machines and applied mechanics plus a renewable energy range covering wind,

wave, tidal and solar energy studies.

In addition to supplying individual items of equipment, Cussons also

undertakes complete turnkey projects for the design, supply, installation

and commissioning of entire laboratories, specialising in those for steam,

automotive engineering and marine hydrodynamics . We are fully ISO 9001

compliant.

Full details of all products are available on our website at www.cussons.co.uk

Marine Hydrodynamic Systems

Automotive Research and Development Equipment and Instrumentation

Integrated facilities for R&D projects in Aerospace, Oil, and Military Sectors

Analysis and purification of special gases.



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Cussons Smart Equipment 4

Mechanics of Fluids 5

Fundamental Hydraulic Studies 7

Hydraulic Applied Studies 9

Air Flow 11

Wind Tunnel 12

Thermodynamics 13

Thermodynamic Principles 14

Steam Power Plant 14

Steam Experiments 15

Ancillary Equipment 16

Refrigeration 17

Heat Transfer & Heat Exchanger 17

Gas Turbine and Compressors 18

Properties of Fuels 19

Sectioned Thermodynamics Equipment 19

Automotive 20

Engine Test Beds 21

Autotrainers 21

Instrumentation and Accessories 22

Automotive Fuel & Gas Analysers 22

Sectioned Automotive Equipment 22

Environmental & Clean Energies 23

Wind Turbine Dynamometer Range 24

Solar & Fuel Cell 25

Applied Mechanics 26

Theory of Machines 27

Strength of Materials 28

Structures 29

Process Control Engineering 30

Marine Hydrodynamics Educational Range 33



SMART EQUIPMENTOver the last twenty five years new technologies have revolutionised educational practice in many subjects, most

especially in engineering and science. Whilst the internet might be the most obvious - contributing to the exponential

rise in information - other digital technologies including computerised data acquisition are becoming ubiquitous

throughout university and college laboratories.

At Cussons we believe the combination of practical experimental equipment and digital teaching applications enhancesstudents’ learning experience and helps educators to convey knowledge and understanding more effectively. We call

this approach ‘Smart Equipment’.

Cussons’ Smart Equipment concept combines horizontal teaching methods* with new applications to provide complete

educational packages where students work and experiment together in collaborative groups. This allows the tutor’s role

to become less didactic and more that of a facilitator and guide.

Smart Equipment Features

Smart Equipment improves your students’ experience Tip

Compact data acquisition hardware with modern

computer software to enhance educational andlaboratory experiences.

Cost-effective and versatile teaching equipment

offering a wide range of experiments.

Quick and straightforward transfer of data from

experiments to computer.

Easy comparison between real-world test results and

theoretical expectations.

‘Plug and play’ operation with no complicated

configuration required.

Intuitive software complete with comprehensive

manuals

Data logging facilities

Calibration screens to facilitate easy sensor adjustment

Graphical representation of experiment processes

Manual and automatic data sampling modes

Automatic data recording

Real-time data display

Comprehensive manuals including exercises and experiments Creation of charts and data tables to enable advanced analysis

Export of data to a spreadsheet for more advanced off-line

processing and presentation options

The Horizontal Teaching Methodprevalent in Nordic and Anglo-Saxon countries promotescollaborative and group workingbetween teachers and learners.It takes a problem-solvingrather than traditionally didacticapproach to teaching andactively involves students in theeducational process in order todevelop deductive reasoningbased on real-world experience.

Play

Analyse

Test

Explore

Learn

Data Collection Data Transfer

Cussons’ Equipment Interface unit Computer unit

SMART EQUIPMENT



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The behaviour of fluids is a key element of study

across many disciplines and Cussons educational

equipment is ideally suited to mechanical, civil,

chemical and marine engineering courses. Its

modular design enables additions to be made as

academic requirements evolve and each unit providesclear visual appreciation of the principles of fluid

mechanics. Instrumentation is provided which allows

a full range of experimental work to be completed

and data acquisition options are being developed.

Our Hydraulic Bench provides a self-contained water supply and

the facilities required to service a wide range of experiments.

Our suggested laboratory includes a number of workstations for

teaching the core principles and the user may select additionalunits for investigating hydrostatics, hydraulic machinery and

pump characteristics as required.

Air flow studies may be conducted using the Cussons Airflow

Bench which is designed for versatility across the areas of

aerodynamics, boundary layers, turbulent jets and flow through

ducts etc. The equipment is robust, durable and castor-mounted

so that it may be easily relocated.

Mechanics of Fluids

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M e ch ani c s of F l ui d s



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Only required if customer does not have a bench

Optional Accessories

Fundamental Hydraulic Studies

P6211 Cavitation Demonstration Set

P6212 Francis Turbine

P6213 Kaplan Turbine

P6220 Laminar Flows Apparatus

P6221 Losses in Pipes and Fittings

P6222 Entry/Exit & Cont/Expansion Losses

P6223/4 Orifice Experiments Basic/Advanced

P6225/6 Open Channel Weirs Basic/Advanced

P6227 Venturi Meter

P6228 Orifice Plate Experiment

P6229 Turbine Meter

P6230 Pitot Static Tube

P6231 Bernouilli’s Theorem

P6232 Hydraulic Ram

P6233 Impact of Jets

P6234 Calibration of Pressure Gauge

P6235/6 Metacentric Height

P6237 Centre of Pressure

P6238 Free and Forced Vortex

P6239 Comparison of Flow Measurements

P6240 Pelton Wheel

P6249 Miniature Flow Channel

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Accessories

Required forExperiments

Experiments

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Required Accessories

KEY:



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These four different experiments incomparative flow measurement usevarious techniques operating on the

principle of head loss, impulse or velocity:

P6227 Venturi MeterP6229 Turbine MeterP6228 Orifice PlateP6230 Pitot Static Tube

Fundamental Hydraulic Studies

The Cussons Hydraulic Bench provides the basic services for pumping and volumetric measurement of watersupply. Various optional modules are available to form a comprehensive laboratory facility which enables a

detailed Mechanics of Fluids Experimental Course to be followed. The equipment is designed to provide a clearvisual appreciation of hydraulic principles and has been featured by BBC Television on the Open UniversityMechanics of Fluids course.

This range of turbines provides experiments to study reaction, impulse & axial turbines.These can be conveniently mounted on the Hydraulic Bench. The experiments are

performed by pumping water through the turbines with a variable flow rate and using adrum brake system with spring force balance.

P6100 - HYDRAULIC BENCH

P6212 - FRANCIS TURBINE P6240 - PELTON WHEEL P6213 - KAPLAN TURBINE

This compact and cost effective unitprovides experimental capabilities tostudy the cavitation effect includingobservation of the relationship between

cavitation and temperature andobservation of the relationships betweendischarge, velocity and pressure.

Study of liquid flow through an orificeillustrates the need for a semi-empiricalapproach. Cussons offers two relatedexperiments - each with multiple orifices

- which may be mounted on the HydraulicBench:

P6223 Basic Orifices

P6224 Advanced Orifices

In open channels weirs are commonlyused to either regulate or to measure thevolumetric flow rate. Cussons offers thefollowing experiments (with multiple weir

plates) which may be mounted on theHydraulic Bench:

P6225 Basic Weirs

P6226 Advanced Weirs

This experiment demonstrates theprinciples of conservation of mass andconservation of energy and may also beused to examine the onset of turbulence in

an accelerating stream of water.

P6211 - CAVITATION DEMONSTRATION SET

P6223/P6224 - ORIFICES STUDIES P6225/P6226 - OPEN CHANNEL WEIRS

P6231 - BERNOULLI’S EXPERIMENT

The flow of fluids in closed conduits orpipes is a major topic in mechanical, civiland chemical engineering and is of interest

in areas of biology (e.g. blood flow) andmedicine (e.g. drip delivery). Cussonsoffers three experiments, mountable on theHydraulic Bench:

P6220 - Laminar Flow Apparatus

P6221 - Friction Losses in Pipes and Fittings

P6222 - Entry Exit & Expansion Losses

P6220/21/22 - WATER FLOW IN PIPESAND FITTINGS EXPERIMENTS

P6227 - P2630 - WATER FLOWMEASUREMENT RANGE



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As an independent and self-containedunit, the Hydrostatics Bench enables thestudents to understand the fundamentalproperties of non-moving fluids.Experimental coverage includes densityand relative density; variation of pressurewith head; Hare’s Tube; Pascal’s Law;viscosity; capillarity; surface tension;Archimedes Principle; use of vernier level

gauge and the hydraulic press.

P6242 - HYDROSTATICS BENCH

Cussons offers three related experiments mountable on the HydraulicBench:

P6234 Calibration of Pressure Gauge

P6235 Metacentric Height Apparatus

P6236 Alternative Hulls

P6237 Centre of Pressure Apparatus (Hydrostatic pressure)

A hydraulic ram helps to illustrate theprincipal by which water may be obtainedfrom low lying water sources when noelectrical supply is available to power apump.

The creation of vortices is a commonengineering and natural phenomenonworthy of study. This apparatus maybe used to plot the shape of free/ forced vortices by measurementof surface profile co-ordinates.

This compact set of hydrostaticsapparatus enables students to investigatethe fundamental properties of non-movingfluids. P6244 is a reduced version ofthe apparatus supplied with Cussons’full size P6242 Hydrostatics Bench.

This Osborne Reynolds experiment may be used to investigate laminar/streamline flow, turbulent flowand the transition between these two regimes by observation of an injected dye line. It may also beused to determine the upper and lower Critical Velocities and Reynolds Number.

This apparatus enables experiments onthe reaction of a jet of water upon vanesof various forms (fixed vane, a cone shapeor a hemispherical) to be carried out anddemonstrates the relationship between theforces exerted on the model and the rateof change of momentum of the jet stream

P6234 - P6237 - HYDROSTATICS EXPERIMENTS

P6232 - HYDRAULIC RAM

P6238 - FREE & FORCED VORTEX APPARATUS P6239 - WATER FLOW MEASUREMENT

P6244 - HYDROSTATICS SET

P6248 - OSBORNE REYNOLDS APPARATUS

P6233 - IMPACT OF JETS

This apparatus can be used on theHydraulic Bench or used as free-standingapparatus in conjunction with a lowpressure water supply. The static headat various points in the flow path ismeasured enabling students to analysethe behaviour of water flowing through asudden enlargement, transparent venturimeter, an orifice plate and a rotameter.



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This two dimensional potential flowapparatus is based upon the well-knownHele Shaw experimental method. Itprovides a parallel laminar water flow fieldto allow study of low Reynolds numberflow patterns around submerged modelsrepresenting cylinders, aerofoils, bluffbodies, knife edge weirs and throughpassages such as valve bodies and nozzlesetc.

P6246 - HELE SHAW APPARATUS

Hydraulic Applied Studies

This unit incorporates two pumps which enables investigations of seriesand parallel operation of identical pumps running at the same or different

speeds.

This apparatus enables students to investigate flow through smooth and roughenedpipes under laminar or turbulent flow conditions and also flow through fittings andvalves. Various methods of flow measurement are covered including the variable areaflowmeter (rotameter), venturi, orifice plate and pitot static tube.

Accessories:

P5161 Water Recirculation Unit

P6100 Hydraulic bench

These 2.5m and 5m units provide channels with adjustable slope and transparent acrylicsides for full visibility of the flow characteristics. Test models plus an inclinometer andsurface profile measuring instrument are used to investigate the flow of water along anopen channel and to verify the Chézy equation and Mannings friction factor.

Additional experimental equipment provided with the 5m channel includes a pitot-statictube, dam spillway, Ogee (i.e. overflow) weir with manometer, Crump weir and Parshallflume.

Two types of larger flow channel are offered for flexible semi-custom experimental configurations. Either option may be used asa low speed circulating water channel for sedimentation work, at higher flow rates for hydrodynamics work or with wave and windattachments for coastal engineering studies. The channels come in the following sizes and are constructed in modular sections and maybe specified to a maximum length of 20 metres.

P6275 FLOW CHANNEL - Medium 300 x 450 mm

P6410 FLOW CHANNEL - Large 600 x 500mm

P6135 - SERIES AND PARALLEL PUMP TEST SET

P5160 - FRICTION LOSS IN PIPES & FITTINGS

P6245/P6255 - FLOW CHANNEL

P6275/P6410 - ADVANCED FLOW CHANNELS

This apparatus can be used to investigatethe flow of water along an open channeland to visualise the flow around objectsin its path through the injection of ink.It includes triangular hump section andan undershot weir and demonstrationof approximate ‘Specific energy/Depth’relationships.

P6249 - MINIATURE FLOW CHANNEL



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This is a self-contained bench top unitcomprising a high-walled flow channelincorporating a detachable glass frontpanel, light source, inlet tank withremovable flow straightener, level controlsluice gate, outlet tank, electricallydriven circulating pump, interconnectingpipework plus flow control and drainvalves.

This equipment comprises two stainlesssteel pipes to study water hammer andsurge which is a common phenomenon.This apparatus is provided with softwareoscilloscope facility for display on usersupplied PC.

This unit enables students to investigatethe fundamental concepts of soilpermeability within a compact indoorlaboratory facility to solve problems suchas the seepage of water under dams,the abstraction of water from wells andthe hydrostatic forces exerted on bridgefoundations in the real world.

This self-contained unit enables studentsto investigate a range of hydrologicalphenomena within a compact indoorlaboratory facility. It allows the study ofbasin hydrology cycles; flood and run offhydrographs; effects on civil constructions(bridges and dams); interaction ofadjacent wells and elementary fluvialprocesses such as erosion on hillsides andriver meander.

This relatively compact unit enables students to investigate the full range of forms that arise ina mobile bed as the flow rate and/or slope are increased. The movement of sediment aroundstructures may be examined for scouring and blockage etc.

This apparatus enables students toconduct a range of experiments ona system of interconnecting seriesand parallel pipe networks and fluiddistribution systems. The unit enablesstudents to obtain a full understanding ofthe factors affecting flow distribution andthe behaviour of pipe network systems.

P6520 - PERMEABILITY APPARATUS P6530 - HYDROLOGY APPARATUS

P6540 - SEDIMENT TRANSPORT APPARATUS

P6510 - NETWORK OF PIPES APPARATUS

P6247 - WATER FLOWVISUALISATION APPARATUS

P6515 - PIPE SURGE AND WATERHAMMER APPARATUS

This is a self-contained experimentdesigned to enable students to studythe basic characteristics of the FrancisTurbine. It demonstrates the turbinecharacteristics (torque, power andefficiency) at different conditions andpressure, torque and flow rate aremeasured and indicated.

P6290 - FRANCIS TURBINE SET

Detailed investigations on both rotodynamic and positive displacement pumps may be performed on thismultipurpose test bench which is designed to be self-contained requiring only a single phase electricalsupply. A positive displacement Gear Pump (P6361) is supplied as standard with the following pumpsavailable as optional extras:

P6362 Positive Displacement Piston Pump

P6363 Rotodynamic Centrifugal Pump

P6364 Rotodynamic Axial Pump

P6365 Positive Displacement Vane Pump

P6367 Rotodynamic Channel Impeller Pump

P6360 - MULTI-PUMP TEST RIG



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Wind Tunnel

This is designed for use with either the Cussons Air Flow Bench or P3240 Fan Test Stand and enablesstudents to investigate pressure distributions around cylinder, aerofoil and other models. Lift and drag

forces acting upon models may also be determined with P3231. Data acquisition is also available for thisequipment.

P3230 - TWO DIMENSIONAL WIND TUNNEL

The Cussons Air Flow Bench with associated experiments provide a comprehensive facility for detailedexperiments in various aspects of air flow studies, convective heat transfer and subsonic aerodynamics tobe performed.

Air Flow Accessories:

P3202 Multitube Manometer

P3204 Anemometer

P3200 - AIR FLOW BENCH

Air Flow

Air Flow Experiments

To introduce the studentto the study of air flowmeasurement using varioustypes of measuring devicesbased upon the specificationsgiven in BS848 and BS1042.

To investigate the pressuredistribution along the inner andouter walls of a bend in ductwork

of rectangular cross-section.

The units have been developed to study the characteristics of Axial and Centrifugal fansenabling a wide range of experimentation capabilities related with flow velocity profile inthe pipe aspiration, difference between static pressure, dynamic and total, characteristicof axial and centrifugal curves or axial and centrifugal fan spin.

Speed is displayed digitally and a combination of pressure transducers enables themeasurement of working pressure in order to study the fan characteristics in real time.Pressure taps are sealed to prevent leaks that distort the readings taken.

To visually demonstrate theinterchange between staticand dynamic pressure asair flows through a duct ofvariable cross sectional area

To gain a practical appreciationof various topics relatedto air flow in pipes.

P3203 - FLOW MEASUREMENT APPARATUS

P3222 - FLOW THROUGH A BEND

P3226 AXIAL & P3228 CENTRIFUGAL FAN DEMONSTRATION UNITS

P3208 - BERNOULLI’S APPARATUS

P3224 - FLOW IN PIPES



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This has been designed to demonstrate the capability of a centrifugal fan unit inaccordance with BS848. It may also be used as the base unit for a series of additional

experiments involving air flow in pipes, heat transfer, aerodynamics and compressibleflow studies.

This is a self-contained facility comprising the tunnel with a three-component balancesystem (lift, drag and pitching moment) and an air speed indicator. The unit enablesstudents to investigate the pressure distributions around and the forces experienced byaerofoils, cylinders and other models and also to study boundary layers.

Optional accessories:

This is an open, continuously operating supersonic wind tunnel to investigate pressure distribution along a convergent-divergentnozzle, pressure losses, demonstration of the boundary layers Schlieren method, observation of flow patterns around the aerofoils andmuch more.

P3264 Aerofoil with Slot & Flap

P3265 Pitot Static Tube

P3266 Yaw Probe

P3267 Drag Models

P3268 Pressure Cylinder

P3269 Aircraft Model

P3270 Car Model

P3240 - FAN TEST STAND

P3260 - SUBSONIC OPEN CIRCUIT WIND TUNNEL

P3290 - SUPERSONIC WIND TUNNEL

This is a unique system employing verticaland horizontal balance beams to provideindependent measurements of lift anddrag forces.

This experiment is used to determine thethickness of the ‘boundary layer’ wherefluid flow meets a stationary surface andinvestigate the velocity profile within thislayer.

This equipment produces smokefilaments of adequate density toenable flow patterns around variousobjects to be demonstrated.

This apparatus demonstrates the generalbehaviour of a jet of air emitted froma circular pipe into free surroundingsand helps to investigate air jet velocityat various distances from the emissionpoint in order to determine bothvelocity and momentum profiles.

P3231 - TWO COMPONENT BALANCE

P3233 - SMOKE GENERATOR P3234 - TURBULENT JET APPARATUS

P3232 - BOUNDARY LAYER EXPERIMENT



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Thermodynamics is a branch of physical science

concerned with the interrelationship and inter-

conversion of different forms of energy. The

student can observe the laws of thermodynamics by

conducting experimental work on a wide range of our

products.

A good practical understanding of air conditioning,

refrigeration, work and heat transfer can be achieved with the

use of various types of heat engine. An essential subject area

concerns steam properties and steam turbine technology and

Cussons offers a range of bench mounted steam property

teaching products along with a range of complete working

steam power plants up to 20kW with features representing

current industrial practice.

Thermodynamics

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T h er m o d yn ami c s



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This bench top unit provides comparisonsof two methods of measuring pressure

and two methods of measuring vacuum.It includes measurement of differentialpressure by means of a manometer, adigital pressure calibrator and calibrationof a pressure transducer.

The Stirling Cycle Hot Air Engine enablesstudents to visualize and study the

phenomena of cyclic compression andexpansion of air, study of Hot air engine,effect on performance, use of gases ofdifferent specific heat ratio, regenerativeheat exchanger and many others.

The Humidity Bench provides the studentwith the means of measuring the humidityof the air in the laboratory by severaldifferent methods, whilst at the same timeallowing comparisons to be made of theaccuracy of one measurement againstanother.

This equipment is a modern version of the Mechanical Equivalent

of Heat apparatus derived from the original design by Callendarwhich aptly demonstrated the relationship between mechanicalenergy and heat energy. Though extremely simple in design, theapparatus will yield results with an accuracy of 0.5%.

The Miniature Steam Power Plant is the smallest in our comprehensiverange of Steam Power Products and has been designed to allow teachingestablishments to give students an appreciation of steam and its properties,without the larger capital investment normally required. There are two versions:

P7669R with Reciprocating EngineP7669T with a Steam Turbine

Steam is widely used in industry for power generation, heating and many other processes requiring high temperatures. Cussons SteamLaboratory Equipment has been designed to provide a comprehensive range of products for teaching the technology of steam plant inthermodynamics courses. The equipment has been designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the theory and operation of

a modern steam power plant. The features incorporated and power ratings chosen constitute an excellent representation of industrialpractice within the limitations of an educational laboratory. All items reflect modern practices and their design incorporates the safetyfeatures necessary to minimise any risk in operation.

This Marcet Boiler helps the students toinvestigate the relationship between thepressure and temperature of saturated steam, inequilibrium with water, at all pressures betweenatmospheric and 17 bar (250 lb/in2).

P4811 - PRESSURE MEASURING APPARATUS P5691 - STIRLING CYCLE HOT AIR ENGINE

P4812 - HUMIDITY MEASURING APPARATUS

P7669 - MINIATURE STEAM POWER PLANT

P5700 - MARCET BOILER

Thermodynamic Principles

Steam Power Plant

P4810 - TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTAPPARATUS

P5631 - MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTOF HEAT APPARATUS

A self-contained bench top unit which

demonstrates common methods oftemperature measurement, methods ofcalibration, common faults occurring inthermocouple systems and investigationof basic thermocouple laws and theirapplications.



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This Cussons Steam Power Plant is designed as a comprehensive self-contained unitwith all relevant items of equipment factory mounted on a common steel bedplate. Thismodular construction and assembly greatly reduces space and installation requirements.The plant can operate as a steam boiler, turbo-generator or complete power plant.Available tests include: thermal and total efficiency, consumption, boiler capacity, heatbalance, turbine power and specific steam consumption.

Further optional items such as additional boiler and superheater instrumentation, fluegas analysers etc. though not strictly essential to the plant operation; considerably

improve the versatility, and hence teaching potential, of the equipment.

A basic laboratory scheme comprises a boiler and turbine/condenser. In addition thecomplementary items; “P7692 Cooling Tower”, Separating and Throttling Calorimeters,Superheater, Tanks, Blowdown Tank, Water Treatment, Interconnecting Pipework andLab. Design, Steam Pipework Lagging, and Installation & Commissioning may be suppliedas required.

STEAM POWER PLANT RANGEP7690 Series: 1KW Steam Power PlantP7600 Series: 5kW Steam Power PlantP7620 Series: 10kW Steam Power PlantP7655 Series: 20kW Steam Power Plant

STEAM POWER PLANT RANGE

The Steam Boiler Bench is a self-containedelectric boiler supplied with all necessaryfacilities to allow it to be used as a serviceunit to supply steam to a range of SteamBench Experiments - P7671 to P7683.

With this bench students can investigatethe efficiency of two types of lagging andcan calculate the lagging efficiency ofeach type, compare the energy loss fromlagged tubes with that from unlaggedtubes and calculate the coefficient ofthermal conductivity of the lagging.

Cussons steam benches have been designed to allow experiments to be carried out on one piece of equipment by a small group ofstudents. Experience has shown that the modular form of construction is the most versatile and the benches can generally be suppliedas ‘‘standalone’’ units or where more than one bench has been ordered, simply interlinked to form a continuous system.

P7670 - STEAM BOILER BENCH

P7673 - LAGGING EFFICIENCY BENCH

Steam Experiments

P7671 - PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE VESSELBENCH

P7672 - SEPARATING & THROTTLINGCALORIMETER BENCH

Self-contained Steam Bench unit allowsstudents to investigate the relationshipbetween temperature and pressureof saturated steam and compare theexperimental observations with datapublished in recognised steam tables.

Separating and throttling calorimeters areused to determine the dryness fractionor quality of steam passing through thesteam main.

P7690 - 1kW Steam plant

P7600 - 5kW Steam plant



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On this apparatus students are able toinvestigate the efficiency of an ejectoras a water pump and to measure theheat transfer of steam to cooling water.

This apparatus enables students todemonstrate the operation of thecondenser, to investigate the heat transfercoefficient of condenser tubes and todemonstrate the vacuum produced by thecondensing steam in a closed system.

Dual purpose bench designed todemonstrate the basic principles ofwater treatment by filtration andchemical means or to supply treatedwater to a Steam Boiler Bench P7670.The bench includes five interchangeableclear PVC filter columns each of whichcan be filled with either filter sand orone of three ion exchange media.

The steam heating circuit on thisbench supplies steam to a process fluidcircuit designed so that the variousprocesses can be clearly observed,visually demonstrating the use of steamin a natural circulation (thermosyphon)reboiler for the heating of otherfluids and the distillation process.

Self-contained Steam Bench allows students to determine the performance of a double effect evaporator andcompares the relative efficiencies of single effect and double effect evaporators.

With four different nozzles on this bench,the students can experiment with thevariation of pressure along a nozzleprofile, the effect of back pressureon the mass flow rate, determine thecritical pressure ratio and much more.

P7674 - EJECTOR BENCH P7675 - CONDENSER BENCH

P7677 - WATER TREATMENT STUDIES BENCH

P7678 - STEAM PROCESS PLANT BENCH

P7683 - DOUBLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR BENCH

P7681 - NOZZLE RIG BENCH

Ancillary Equipment

P7660 - SEPARATING & THROTTLINGCALORIMETER

P8385 - COMBUSTION AND FLUE GASEMISSIONS ANALYSER

This compact unit is an optional economicseparating & throttling calorimeter with asimpler more cost-effective frame design.The unit is used to determine the drynessfraction of the steam supplied to steamsystems.

This compact and portableunit measures the gastemperature at inlet andin stack providing highaccuracy and enablingcalculation of netttemperature.

P7676R - RECIPROCATING STEAM ENGINEBENCH

On this bench students can test a singlecylinder steam engine and measure brakehorse power, steam consumption andvarious efficiencies.



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Refrigeration

Heat Transfer & Heat Exchanger

P5721 - COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATIONTRAINER

This training system provides functioningrefrigeration circuits utilising commercial

controls and components and providesrealistic training in setting up, operatingand fault finding refrigeration systems.The system operates with R134a, anenvironmentally acceptable refrigerant.

The self-contained AirConditioning Unit demonstratesthe application of the principles

of thermodynamics in the field ofair conditioning. The unit providesresults over a wide range ofoperating conditions and includesa data acquisition package.

Cussons offers specialised test equipment to illustrate the subject of heatexchange in fluids. All the experimental units are bench top and speciallydesigned to enable flexibility in the interconnections between them. The unitsare also computer controlled with modern data acquisition facilities.

Accessories:

P3212 Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger

P3213 Mixed Flow Heat Exchanger

Cussons Refrigerator and Heat PumpApparatus has been developed for thestudy of the thermodynamics of thevapour compression cycle operating

as either a refrigerator or heat pump.As a self-contained unit it includesinstrumentation to enable a comprehensiveseries of experiments to be carried out,including refrigerant cycle evaluation andthermodynamic energy balances of thecondenser, evaporator and compressor.

This unit enables students to visualiseand study industrial refrigeration. Itintegrates all of the essential componentsfor a desktop installation. The unit

includes a computer control system anda troubleshooting simulation module.The system “anti-knock fluid” in thecompressor ensures reliable operationunder extreme stress.

The unit allows the instructor tointroduce 12 faults into a control circuit,

which has been wired by the student.The Unit has a mimic diagram on thefront panel which simulates an actualcompressor control circuit.

The equipment clearly demonstrates theoperation of a heat pump air / water. Thesystem consists of: compressor, circulationpump, flow control valve, accumulatortank, condenser, filter / drier, expansionvalve and evaporator fan, water flowmeters, temperature sensors and pressuredisplay at strategic points of the process.

P5698E - AIR CONDITIONING UNIT

P5730 - HEAT PUMP DEMONSTRATION UNIT

P3210 - HEAT TRANSFER BENCH INCLUDING CROSS FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER

P5750 - VAPOUR COMPRESSION

REFRIGERATOR & HEAT PUMP APPARATUS

P5740 - REFRIGERATION SYSTEMWITH REFRIGERATION CHAMBER

P5735 - REFRIGERATIONWIRING SKILLS BENCH



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P3300 - RADIATION AND CONVECTIONAPPARATUS

P5687 - THERMAL CONDUCTIVITYAPPARATUS

This Thermal Radiation and NaturalConvection Heat Transfer Apparatus isa self- contained bench mounted unit,designed to demonstrate the essentialfeatures of heat transfer by radiation andnatural convection from various heatingelement shapes under varying conditionsof ambient pressure and element surfacetemperature.

The Thermal Conductivity Apparatusis designed for bench top use allowingstudents to calculate heat flows andtemperature gradients along variouscylindrical specimens of relatively highconductivity, such as metals, and across thinsections of insulating material that may beattached to one end of a metal specimen.

The apparatus has been developed topermit experiments on heat transferfrom the solid to the liquid state underconditions of convection and nucleateboiling to be carried out and todemonstrate the effect of film boiling.Heat transfer takes place from a heatedhorizontal nickel filament to the water orother liquid surrounding it.

Cussons offers specialised test equipment inthe area of Heat Exchange. All experimentalunits are bench top and specially designedby modules enabling its flexibility andinterconnection between them. In addition,the units are computer controlled allowingfull data logging and the use of data foradvanced experiments.

The Exchanger Range comprises:• P3430 Water Cooling tower

• P3420 Free and forced Convection

• P3400 Heat exchanger unit with optional accessories: o P3401 Concentric Heat Exchanger

o P3402 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger o P3403 Plate Heat Exchanger o P3404 Jacketed Vessel with coil o P3405 Tubular Heat Exchanger o P3406 Cross Flow Heat Exchanger

P5697 - BOILING HEAT TRANSFER APPARATUS HEAT EXCHANGER RANGE

This popular unit is a full two shaftmachine with built in starting equipment,power absorption system and a datalogging option (P9008). It provides themeans for carrying out an extensive

programme of experiments in gas turbinetechnology using only the instrumentationprovided. Particular features of the TwoShaft Gas Turbine Unit are its versatility,ease of operation, safety and low noiselevel. All instrumentation and controlsare carried on the panel which displays the flow diagram with aclear indication of all measurements identified by symbols andilluminated tell-tales. Measurement of power turbine torque is bycalibrated electrical dynamometer.

Cussons has developed a turbojet enginetest stand to provide a cost effectivemethod of testing the performance of anoperational aero jet engine. The turbojettest stand is mounted on a wheeled

trolley allowing it to be moved to anoperational area or stored in a convenientlocation. The unit is provided with a mimicdiagram displaying the temperatures ofthe gas flow and engine pressure ratio.The unit can demonstrates the turbojetprinciple, performance analysis of aturbojet at varying power and enables themeasurement of air flow, fuel flow and rotational speed.

This robust educational test facility is a self-contained unit comprising two main assemblies; an instrument

and control console and a welded steel base frame which carries the dynamometer, air compressors and airreceivers. The drive system of the compressors is arranged in such a way that the test set may be used as eithera two stage machine or a single stage machine with the second stage undriven and bypassed. Apart from itsuse for educational experiments, the test set may also be used in its single stage form as a compressed airsupply for the laboratory. A computer interface PV Indicating System (P9053) can be also included.

Gas turbines are increasingly used as power plants for a wide variety of applications around the world. Originally they were developedsolely for aircraft propulsion where their inherent low specific weight (i.e. mass/unit power) made them essential for high speed flight.

For this particular purpose they have been developed to a high degree of efficiency both thermodynamically and mechanically.

Industrial gas turbines have been and are being developed for such diverse applications as electrical power peak lopping stations,firefighting pump sets, natural gas pumping and compressor units, factory power and process heating plants, heavy lorry propulsion,rail and ship propulsion. Cussons has designed and manufactured educational gas turbines since 1970 and numerous universities useour gas turbines for experimental and practical demonstrations.

P9005 - TWO SHAFT GAS TURBINE P9010E - TURBOJET ENGINE TEST STAND

P9050 - TWO STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR SET

Gas Turbine and Compressors



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This apparatus comprises a single stage compressor coupled to an electric motor and attached to a springbalance. This apparatus enables students to investigate the laws of thermodynamics including energybalance, entropy and compressed volumetric efficiency.

P9080 - ENERGY BALANCE APPARATUS

Properties of Fuels

Sectioned Thermodynamics Equipment

P6310 - CALORIMETER SET FOR CALORIFICVALUES OF FUELS (BOMB CALORIMETER)

P5656 - ELECTRIC PENSKY MARTENS FLASHPOINT APPARATUS

P5657 - 3 CLOSED CUP FLASH POINTAPPARATUS

The Cussons’ calorimeter is widely used inteaching establishments for the accuratedetermination of the calorific value ofliquid and solid hydrocarbons. It meets thespecifications of the Institute of PetroleumDesignation IP12/73 Heat of Combustion of

Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels For Calorimeters.

As the most popular flash point apparatus,the Pensky Martens method is designedto determine the flash point of petroleumproducts with flash points up to amaximum temperature of 370°C and in sodoing conforms to a number of ASTM, ISO,

UN class and EN standards. Compatiblewith bio-fuel testing.

The electrically heated flash pointapparatus is designed to determine theflash point of petroleum products andsemi-solids with Flash/No Flash testsin a temperature range of 10 - 130°C. Itconforms to the ASTM D3278; ASTM

D3828; ASTM E502; IP 303 (obs); IP 523standards and many more. Compatiblewith bio-fuel testing.

This Boy’s Gas Calorimeter has beendeveloped to provide a simple butaccurate method of ascertaining thecalorific values of a wide range of gaseousfuels.

Cussons sectioned instructional units have been designed to enable the maximum educational value to be obtained from actualequipment in use today. Cussons offers components from refrigeration and air conditioning plant, pumps, valves and steam equipment.Where necessary, units are painted in contrasting colours to show the sectioning clearly and highlight points of interest.

Refrigeration and Air ConditioningP2255 Sectioned Refrigeration CompressorP2256 Board of Sectioned Refrigeration ComponentsP2257 Sectioned Hermetic Refrigeration UnitP2258 Sectioned Air Conditioning Unit

Pumps P2265 Sectioned Centrifugal Water Pump (motorised)P2266 Sectioned Reciprocating Water PumpP2267 Sectioned Vane Pump (air)P2268 Sectioned Diaphragm Pump (air)P2269 Sectioned Gear Pump (oil power hydraulics)P2270 Sectioned Swash Plate Pump (oil power hydraulics)P2271 Sectioned Mono Pump

Valves and Steam PlantP2285 Sectioned Gate ValveP2286 Sectioned Globe ValveP2287 Board of Sectioned Pipe FittingsP2288 Sectioned Reducing Valve (air or gas)P2289 Sectioned Rotary Ball ValveP2295 Sectioned Steam TrapP2296 Sectioned Steam SeparatorP2297 Sectioned Steam EjectorP2298 Sectioned Pressure Relief Valve (steam)P2299 Sectioned CondenserP2300 Sectioned Steam EngineP2301 Sectioned Steam Injector

P5615 - BOY’S GAS CALORIMETER

In addition to the listed products, Cussons can undertake to section awide range of equipment to meet specific requirements.



www.cussons.co.uk0

For eighty years Cussons Technology has designed

and manufactured engine test beds for universities

and industry. Our design and engineering team

integrates engines of different types and sizes within

dynamometer-equipped test beds to suit a multitude

of educational and research requirements.

Test bed instrumentation - also offered on a stand-alone

basis - includes equipment for measuring air flow, fuel flow,

temperature, torque, speed, emissions etc. With decades of

automotive industry experience, Cussons has an excellent

understanding of what is required in education and has

completed several hundred installations world-wide from the

simplest test bed to major engine test facilities.

Automotive

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Aut omot i ve



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A bench top unit offered with P8251Petrol and P8252 Diesel four stroke,air cooled engine options. Engines can

accept a cylinder pressure transducerand crank angle encoder (See P8005electronic engine indicating (PV) system).Experimental capabilities includedetermination of:

1. Engine performance curves at full and part load2. Efficiency and variation of specific fuel consumption with speed

and load3. Effect of mixture strength on performance and fuel

consumption4. Gasoline engine includes AFR meter

Engine test stands for vocational training fitted with fuel injected four stroke four cylinder liquid cooledengines. Petrol (P8952) and diesel (P8962) versions are offered both supplied complete with starter motor,alternator, water pump, fuel pump, flywheel, flywheel guard and throttle assembly ready for running.

A self-contained unit with integratedfour stroke, single cylinder, air cooledspark ignition engine and an electrical

dynamometer capable of absorbing 2.2kW and starting/motoring the engine. Twoadditional cylinder heads are includedto provide scope for investigations atthree different compression ratios. Theengine can accept a cylinder pressuretransducer and crank angle encoder. (SeeP8005 electronic engine indicating (PV) system). Extensiveexperimental capabilities include determination of:

1. Mixture strength2. Spark advance characteristics3. Frictional power losses

4. Effect of compression ratiochanges

A self-contained unit with an aircooled 7kW/4,000 RPM eddy currentdynamometer. A wide range of enginesmay be used and Cussons offers modelscovering two/four stroke, air/water coolingand spark/compression ignition. Theseengines can accept a cylinder pressuretransducer and crank angle encoder.(See P8005 electronic engine indicating(PV) system). Extensive experimental capabilities includedetermination of:

1. Engine performance curves at full and part load

2. Volumetric efficiency3. Fuel consumption mixture loops4. Air/Fuel ratio5. Frictional power losses6. Heat and energy balances

Self-contained spark and compression ignition units are offeredwith integrated data acquisition. Both include modern, multi-cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, fuel injected engines whichcan accept a cylinder pressure transducer and crank angleencoder. (See P8005 electronic engine indicating (PV) system).The engines may be run on alternative fuels and a factory-fittedLPG conversion kit (P8003) is available for the spark ignitionengine. Extensive experimental capabilities include determinationof:

1. Four stroke engine performance curves at full and part load2. Engine efficiency and variation of specific fuel consumptionwith speed and load

3. Brake Mean Effective Pressure4. Exhaust, water, oil and air temperatures5. Heat and energy balances

An advanced engine test bed with integrated data acquisition optimised for academic studiesand offering significant scope for research. The unit is compatible with a range of engines andutilises an eddy current dynamometer. The test bed is offered with a spark or compressionignition four stroke multi-cylinder engine but both may be supplied and interchanged on-site.Standard engines accept a cylinder pressure transducer and crank angle encoder. (See P8005electronic engine indicating (PV) system). A compact external cooling tower (P8751) is availableto reduce reliance on mains water for energy dissipation. Extensive experimental capabilitiesinclude determination of:

P8952/P8962 - AUTOTRAINER TEST STANDS

Engine Test Beds

Autotrainers

P8250 - AUTOMOTIVE 1 ENGINE TEST BED

– PETROL & DIESEL ENGINE OPTIONS

P8160 - SINGLE CYLINDER ENGINE TEST

BED - ENGINE OPTIONS UP TO 7KW

P8001/P8002 - MULTI-CYLINDER

ENGINE TEST BEDS

P8150 - AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE TEST BED- VARIABLE COMPRESSION FACILITY

P8750 - MULTICYLINDER ENGINE TEST BED - MULTIPLE ENGINE OPTIONS

Engine options:P8615 4-Stroke Water Cooled Petrol EngineP8616 4-Stroke Water Cooled Diesel EngineP8617 4-Stroke Water Cooled Petrol Engine converted to CNG Engine



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A selection of digital blowby meters tomeasure the gas flow from crankcaseswhich may be easily incorporated intoengine ventilation systems. Each meterincludes a flow transducer and a digitaldisplay module.

This 19 inch rack mounted exhaust gas analyser provides a costeffective solution for determining the concentrations of pollutantsand oxygen in the exhaust gases from spark or compressionignition IC engines optimised for all current and envisaged futurerequirements. It provides gas detection with high measurementaccuracy and long term stability. The gases which may bedetected are CO, CO2, O2, HC, SO2 and NOx.

P8360 - P8373 - BLOWBY METER RANGE P8390 - EXHAUST GAS ANALYSER

Sectioned Automotive Equipment

Cussons sectioned instructional units have been designed to enable the maximum educational value to beobtained from actual equipment in use today. The range comprises assemblies and components from motorvehicles. Where necessary, units are painted in contrasting colours to show the sectioning clearly and highlightpoints of interest.

Automotive & Gas Analysers

Cussons offers high quality gas analysers enabling students to test and monitor exhaust gases and emissions in the area of automotivetechnology. All analysers are compatible with our Engine Test Beds and meet the international standards and accreditations for exhaustgas analysers.

P8227 - VOLUMETRIC FUEL FLOWMEASUREMENT SYSTEM

P8261 - P8265 - EXHAUST GAS CALORIMETERRANGE

A self-contained unit for the supply and measurement of fuel useat controlled pressure for both petrol or diesel engines.· Continuous Flow Measurement· Designed for high fuel recirculating rate· Pelton wheel design transducer· Analogue output proportional to flow rate· Digital display of flow rate· Totaliser with reset facility· Pressure controlled fuel delivery· Suitable for both diesel and gasoline fuels

A selection of exhaust gas calorimeterswith instrumentation to enable the heatenergy content of exhaust gases to beaccurately determined.

A factory-fitted option for almost all engines offered for use on Cussons test beds. A low costpressure-vs-volume engine indicating solution with high speed data acquisition and graphicaldisplay on a host PC.

P8005 - ELECTRONIC ENGINE INDICATING (PV) SYSTEM FOR ENGINE TEST BEDS

A selection of laminar flow meters(LFMs) for measuring the pulsating airflows in IC engine air intakes. Elevenmodels are offered suitable for measuringairflows across a wide range. An airflow

measurement and data acquisition system(P7032) is also offered for use with theseLFMs.

Two units are offered to measure ‘swirl’ inthe air drawn into an engine cylinder. Bothare equally effective with blow or suctioninduced flow in either the upward ordownward direction. Cussons also designs

and manufactures custom researchequipment such as complete port flow rigsfor light duty ports (including parts fortumble) and for heavy duty ports etc.

P7190 - P7217 - LAMINAR FLOW METER RANGE P7300/P7302 - IMPULSE SWIRL METER RANGE

Instrumentation and Accessories



World attention has been focused on the use of

consumable resources by the Kyoto Agreement

and by the mounting evidence for climate change.

Academics and students are particularly aware

of environmental issues and are motivated to

study renewable energy sources. The engineering

disciplines encountered within a study of renewable

energy technologies are often applicable as part of

broader mechanical or aeronautical courses. Cussons’

range of renewable energy laboratory experimentsand demonstrations are designed to teach students

the principles underlying renewable energy

technologies. Each manual explains the theory

behind the experiment in a way that allows it to be

applied within a dedicated renewable energy module

or as an interesting part of other engineering courses.

Environmental &Clean Energies

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E n vi r onm en t al & Cl e anE n er gi e s



www.cussons.co.uk4

Wind Turbine Dynamometer Range

Wind energy provided one of the earliest forms of mechanical power with a wide range of momentum based wind-powered machines(‘windmills’). Today full size wind turbines typically use the lift generated by aerofoils to provide torque to the electrical generator.Whilst most modern wind turbines are horizontal axis types, there is also support for emerging vertical axis designs. Cussons providesa range of products to permit realistic experiments with flat bladed horizontal axis wind turbines including considerations of energyextraction and forces on the structure.

The P3130A Wind Generator Set is designed to test small scale wind power turbinesof up to 450 mm blade diameter. The equipment is designed to allow use inside alaboratory that does not have access to a wind tunnel. Students can measure powercoefficients, compare power coefficients to theoretical limits (the Betz limit), producepower curves for stall regulated and pitch regulated turbines and determine thrustcoefficients etc.

Dynamometers are used within industrial and other test facilities to verify theperformance and reliability of wind turbines and other commercial machines. Cussons’Wind Turbine Dynamometer range enables small scale turbine blade designs to be testedand the results of their performance validated with complete control of the externalvariables. Options are:

P3131A Wind Turbine Dynamometer - Basic Version

P3132A Wind Turbine Dynamometer - Instrumented hub (slip rings)

P3133A Wind Turbine Dynamometer - Instrumented hub (telemetry)

P3134A & P3136A 2/4 OR 3 BLADE INSTRUMENTATED HUBThe 2/4 and 3 blade instrumented hubs include two strain gauged blade root elements tomeasure blade bending moments in two planes. One set of flat blades is included and aprotractor gauge is supplied to measure pitch angle.

P3137A & P3138A 2/4 OR 3 BLADE NON INSTRUMENTED HUB The 2/4 and 3 blade non-instrumented hubs are supplied with one set of flat blades and

a protractor gauge is supplied to measure pitch angle.

The equipment is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of a wind turbine plantand its whole operation. The layout is very visual and intuitive for teaching purposes. This isachieved by the provision of equipment in schematic and plugging panels. In addition, the unithas a full computer control system.

P3130A - WIND GENERATOR SET

WIND TURBINE DYNAMOMETER RANGE

BLADES FOR WIND DYNAMOMETER

P3150 - WIND TURBINE TRAINER UNIT



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The P7140 Solar EnergyDemonstration unit allows studentsto gain an appreciation of the totalheat capture of a solar thermalenergy panel and an understandingof their relative efficiency. Studentsare able to vary the water flow rateand angle of incidence of the unitto measure the change in energycollection performance.

This unit provides studentsthe means of collecting andstoring solar power, measuringthe energy available fromit and investigating theperformance of a photovoltaicunit. The package enablesboth electrical and mechanicalpower to be obtained yet itdoes not require the use ofcomplicated reflecting systemsin order to concentrate the solar energy.

The equipment reproduces a full scale solar photovoltaic installation. The system offers awide variety of energy tests, observation and analysis of the performance of PV panels:

- PV Panel as independent system, series and parallel.

- Simulations with batteries in series or in parallel.

- Direct access to DC converter and DC to AC.

- PV system as isolated system or connected to the network.

The P9040 Fuel CellDemonstration Unit providesa working desk top protonexchange membrane fuelcell as the basis for studentinvestigations includingmeasurement of efficiency

P7140 - SOLAR ENERGY DEMONSTRATION

P9060 - PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR POWER UNIT

P9065 - SOLAR ENERGY MANAGEMENT UNIT

P9040 - FUEL CELL DEMONSTRATION UNIT

Solar & Fuel Cell

Solar energy has been used for thousands of years to dry crops and fuels naturally and provides the basis for biomass energy of course.Direct use of solar energy is illustrated in the solar distillation of water, solar water heating and in the production of electricity byphotovoltaic cells.

Cussons provides a range of solar energy products to permit realistic experiments in each of these three fields. Many interestingengineering challenges are presented in understanding solar energy use.

Students are often interested in small scale solar energy use and compact indoor laboratory equipment to illustrate the principles isdesirable. Each product manual lays out the theory behind the experiment so that it may be used within a dedicated renewable energyprogramme or as an interesting part of other engineering teaching modules. Each solar apparatus may be used externally with naturalsunlight or with Cussons’ indoor light kits which allow studies to be conducted at any time of the year. Data may be recorded manuallyor through the use of data acquisition equipment.

Fuel cells are a flexible form of energy storage that have the potential to dominate transport and local power supply during the 21stcentury but many students will have no direct experience of them. Cussons provides a series of hydrogen fuel cell experiments andpractical work which can familiarise students with this emerging technology.

P7130/P7135 - SOLAR DISTILLATIONAPPARATUS – BASIN AND THIN FILM TYPE

The Solar Distillation Apparatusenables students to measure outputand efficiency against solar energyinput, amount of base insulation andbrine depth. The effects of differentabsorbent surfaces, inclination, ambienttemperature, wind velocity and theeffect of cooling the glass cover mayalso be investigated



www.cussons.co.uk6

The important subjects of dynamics, balancing,

vibrations, whirling and other basic principles of

applied mechanics are covered with this range of

products. The equipment has evolved from designs

originating within academic institutions to fulfil the

requirements of a modern mechanical engineering

curriculum. Introductory studies through to advanced

investigations are possible and each piece of

equipment is supplied with comprehensive user

manuals as with all Cussons equipment.

Applied Mechanics

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Appl i ed Mech ani cs



27

P1150 - STATIC & DYNAMIC BALANCINGMACHINE

P5464 - INCLINED PLANE / SLIDINGFRICTION APPARATUS

P5226 - ANGULAR ACCELERATIONAPPARATUS

This experiment has been developed toprovide a means for accurate experimentalwork in the balancing of rigid rotors.The design of the machine adheres toindustrial practice and it may be used tobalance real rotors in addition to the five-disc rotor provided.

This apparatus enables students tomeasure the coefficient of frictionfor several combinations of materials.

The robust apparatus is of all metalconstruction with an inclinable 90 cmground steel plane.

This apparatus enables students toinvestigate the angular acceleration of asolid cylindrical body caused by the actionof a falling mass. It provides a number

of interesting experiments relating tothe kinematics and dynamics of rotatingsystems.

Theory of Machines

This experiment enables studentsto understand dynamicallyinduced stresses arising in

mechanically resonant systemssuch as transmission shafts andengine crank shafts. An additionalLinear Vibration Apparatus P1906is available and this extends therange of experiments with theP1901.

The Linear Vibration Apparatus extendsthe range of experiments of the P1901Torsional Vibration Apparatus. The

apparatus provides the student with anintroductory course on linear vibration.The practical experiments with their directrelationship to common design situationsgive an insight into vibration phenomenaand illuminate the fundamental theory.

The Fletcher Trolley Apparatus isthe classic equipment for both linearand angular motion investigations.

Measurement of velocity andacceleration, experiments onmomentum and angular accelerationand determination of accelerationdue to gravity are possible with thisapparatus.

The Energy of Flywheel apparatus isan extremely robust and versatile unitcomprising a flywheel - the mass ofwhich may be varied by adding andremoving two rings and one disc -mounted upon a heavy duty stand. Theunit also includes a vibrating arm toenable traces to be drawn on a paperstrip positioned on the circumferenceof the flywheel.

The Centripetal Force Apparatusenables accurate determinations of therelationship between force, mass radiusand angular velocity for a rotatingbody.

The Whirling of Shafts Apparatus enables students to investigate the whirling of a longthin shaft supported at its ends, whirling of a shaft with concentrated masses, whirling ofa continuous shaft and whirling of a shaft with intermediate nodes.

P1901 - TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS APPARATUS

P1906 - LINEAR VIBRATION APPARATUS P2072 - FLETCHER TROLLEY APPARATUS

P2776 - ENERGY OF FLYWHEEL

P2799 - CENTRIPETAL FORCE APPARATUS

P5428 - WHIRLING OF SHAFTS APPARATUS



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P5377 - ELECTRICAL GYROSCOPE COMPLETEWITH DIGITAL TACHOMETER

P2180 - EXTENSION & COMPRESSION OFSPRINGS

This Electrical Gyroscope has beendesigned to demonstrate the relationshipsbetween gyroscopic speed, gyroscopicinertia, external applied torque andprecession. A separate hand-held opticaltachometer is provided for accuratemeasurement of the gyroscope rotorspeed.

The Extension and Compression of Springsapparatus is a wall mounted unit whichenables students to determine the load

and deflection relationship for close coiledsprings as well as concepts of Modulus ofRigidity.

This apparatus provides a wide rangeof laboratory experiments on journalbearings within a self-contained unit.Various options make it possible tomeasure journal friction, map thehydrodynamic pressure of the oil filmand determine the bearing attitude of a journal bearing using only the optionalinstrumentation 5014 and P5015.

The Rubber Block Apparatus is a wallmounted unit which enables studentsto investigate the shear stress and shearstrain in a rubber slab. It introducesstudents to the concept of Modulus ofRigidity.

Cussons is able to offer digital testing machines ranging from 25kN to 1,000kN capacity with high precisioncontrol and accuracy and including automated computer control of test methods for simplicity of operation.These UTMs have 800% overload capability (load cells), small footprint, high resolution, self-cleaning ball-screws and an extensive suite of software. A range of different grips and fixtures for tension and compression isavailable.

P5030 – 25 Universal Testing Machines 25kN





The Torsion Apparatus is bench mounted and consists of a horizontal unit which can accept specimens up to6 mm diameter and 450 mm length. The torsion head is supported in ball bearings and torque is applied by ahanger and masses. Angular displacement is measured by a dial and pointer which can slide along the base toenable readings to be taken at any point.

The Free and Forced Vibration Apparatus has been developed to present vibration phenomenawith viscous damping in a way that may be easily perceived and accurately analysed.

P5013 - JOURNAL FRICTION APPARATUS

P1206 - RUBBER BLOCK APPARATUS

P5030 - UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINES

P4334 - TORSION APPARATUS

P5000 - FREE AND FORCED VIBRATION APPARATUS

Strength of Materials



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Cussons Structures range comprises a standard test frame with loading andmeasurement facilities plus a series of different test structures which fit into the frame.This range provides an excellent introduction to structures for demonstration and forexperiments at technician and undergraduate level. The equipment is complemented byCussons’ structures software which provides an interactive system for the input of loadsand calculation of displacements. Many teachers find that the traditional weights and dial

gauge system is just as effective for teaching purposes however.

P4120 Frame Bench / Floor mounted

P4125 Deflection of Beams

P4126 Buckling of Struts

P4127 Measurement of Shear Forces

P4128 Measurement of Bending Moment

P4130 Rigidly Supported Arch

P4131 Two Hinged Arch

P4132 Three Hinged Arch

P4133 Suspension Bridge

P4134 Forces in a Truss

P4135 Portal Frame

P4140 Plastic deflection of beam

P4141 Plastic deflection of portal

Structures



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A practical understanding of Process ControlEngineering is essential in most industries. The

Cussons range of process control engineering

products presents the students with a broad cross

section of control techniques and typical applications

used in practice.

The products demonstrate the function of the individualcomponents of control loops and allow the students to change

parameters observing effects and to follow a full experimentalprogram using the manuals provided.

To prepare students, operators and maintenance staff tounderstand the automated environment in industry, Cussonsoffers a range of products for electrical and mechanical controlengineering and instrumentation. The products are designedto be either “self-paced” or instructor taught with a curriculumwhich is easy to understand. Hands-on training programmessimulate real life working conditions. Industry standard qualitycomponents are used throughout.

Process ControlEngineering

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P roces s Control E ngi n

eeri ng



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The Boiler Control unitalong with its softwaresimulation allowsstudents to investigatethe operation of a steamgeneration plant. Alteringthe system properties

allows the user to simulatea wide range of boilersystems for periods up to24 hours and adjustmentsto the operatingparameters may be made whilst the simulation is running to allowthe investigation of transients on the system.

The Process ControlSimulator is a self-containedlaboratory scale industrialsystem (bench type model- under development)that allows the principlesunderlying modern industrialcontrol equipment to bestudied in the context of

process operations. The unitmay be used to investigatepressure, flow, temperature,level and cascade controlutilising pneumatic andmicroprocessor-based PID controllers.

This Pressure ControlApparatus is designed to

demonstrate automaticcontrol of the pressurewithin a vessel. The unitenables students toinvestigate the effects ofchanging the parametersof the control algorithm(proportional band,integral action andderivative time) on the control capability of the system.

This Flow Control Apparatusis designed to demonstrate

automatic control of theflow of water delivered bya centrifugal pump. Theunit enables students toinvestigate the effects ofchanging the parametersof the control algorithm(proportional band, integralaction and derivative time)on the control capability ofthe system.

This Level ControlSystem is designed toallow numerous levelcontrol experiments to beperformed within a typicallaboratory session. Theunit enables students toinvestigate the effects ofchanging the parametersof the control algorithmand changes can be madeto the process conditionsby adjustment of the flow

into the vessel.

P3005 - PROCESS CONTROL SIMULATORP7665 - BOILER CONTROL DEMONSTRATIONAND FAULT SIMULATION UNIT

P3009 - PRESSURE CONTROL APPARATUS,THREE TERM PNEUMATIC

P3015 - LEVEL CONTROL APPARATUS, THREETERM ELECTRONIC

P3035 - TEMPERATURE CONTROLAPPARATUS, THREE TERM ELECTRONIC

P3010 - FLOW CONTROL APPARATUS, THREETERM ELECTRONIC

The Temperature ControlApparatus illustrates thecontrol of temperaturein a simulated reactorvessel by controlling thesupply of coolant (air) inresponse to changes inprocess conditions. The unitprovides students with theopportunity of investigatingthe effects of a change ofcontroller parameters (proportional band, integral and derivativetimes) on the control capability of the system. The unit is made

up of typical items of control equipment currently used inindustrial applications, thereby providing an excellent opportunityfor familiarisation.

The pH ControlApparatus is designed todemonstrate the controlof the acidity of a watersupply by chemical dosing.Two methods are availableto control the additionof the dosing chemical,

either slug (on-off) dosingor continuous controlledinjection.

The Programmable LogicControl Module (PLC) isdesigned to be connectedto a range of experimentsfor simulating an automaticprocess. The unit has digitalinputs and relay outputswhich, when connected tothe experiments, may beused to start and stop pumps, select remote set point inputs andcreate disturbances to a process by opening or closing solenoidvalves.

P3020 - ACIDITY (PH) CONTROL APPARATUS P3030 - PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLMODULE



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The Three Phase Separator is an essential resource for teaching engineeringstudents and ‘oil & gas’ or process industry personnel. It enables students toinvestigate the effects of separation pressure and flow/residence time etc. onthe separation dynamics. Experimental coverage includes flow vs residencetime, flow vs composition, pressure vs flow, pressure vs composition andtemperature vs composition (latter by means of simulation).

The Plant Trainer has been designed to provide a unique opportunity to traintechnicians on an industrial process plant in a safe, controlled and supervisedenvironment. The trainer is the perfect tool to offer training courses inPlant Maintenance, Control Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, ElectricalEngineering, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Health

and Safety Engineering. Use of this equipment by companies such as BP andShell, has allowed their technicians to gain hands on experience of a real, fullsize process plant facility without the obvious danger of contamination dueto leakage, human error or expensive equipment damage

The Multiphase Flow Unit which is particularly suitable for ‘oil andgas‘courses enables students to study 2- and 3-phase flow (oil, water andcompressed air) by means of ‘once through’ experimental runs followedby gravitational separation. The unit provides for various investigationsincluding single phase flow, hydrostatic and dynamic pressure investigations,hold-up time and slip velocity, 2-phase separation and superficial velocity,drift velocity in air/water flow, 2-phase flow, 2-phase and 3-phase flow

separation rates, bubble structures and bubble sizes. The unit is operatedvia a touch-screen PC with SCADA software and may be specified with anelectrical capacitance tomography sensor option for advanced studies inflow and bubble structure imaging.

P3620 - MULTIPHASE FLOW UNIT

P3700 - THREE PHASE SEPARATION TRAINING UNIT

P3600 - INDUSTRIAL PROCESS PLANT TRAINER



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Cussons Technology has built on the success of its

Kempf & Remmers Range of Research Hydrodynamics

test equipment and its knowledge of tertiary

educational engineering equipment to produce a

new range of Educational hydrodynamic equipment

to complement smaller facilities. The Equipment isdesigned to be robust for student use, and consistent

in its results and accuracy as many of the components

are inherited from the Kempf & Remmers Range.

The Purpose is to allow the lecturer demonstrations

to be carried out with ease, and for the students to

undertake a range of experiments with repeatable

results and reasonable accuracy.

Marine Hydrodynamics

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M ar i n eH y d r o d yn ami c

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www.cussons.co.uk4

Educational Towing Carriages

Educational Wave Makers & Wave Absorbing Beaches

Cussons has a whole new range of towing carriages aimed at University and Educational Institutes that do not have the room for thelarger scale research grade facilities. This range of unmanned carriages, are light weight, highly rigid & robust platforms that allow awide variety of equipment to be attached from them. The carriages are controlled and operated by a shore based Wireless supervisorycontrol and data logging / acquisition system.

Designed to suita towing tank2m wide, withminimum length 40up to a maximumof 70m (maximumrail length is 60m) -Max Speed 3m/s

A variety of dynamometers can be supplied for use with the educational carriages, theseare interfaced with he support frame for connection to ship models or fitting of propellermodels. These include:

R35E – Educational Resistance Dynamometer

R200E – Educational Multi Component Ship / Yacht Model Balance

V110E - Educational Ship Stability Dynamometer

H75E - Educational Open Water Propeller / Turbine Dynamometer R75E - Educational Self–Propulsion

R31E, R42E & R43E Traditional Self-Propulsion Dynamometer for educational scaled models

We also supply additional equipment which can be used in conjunction with thetowing carriage for model manufacturing & measuring facilities:

R28E - Educational Scaled Model Guiding Arms

V122E - Educational High Speed Camera System

N10E - Educational Wake Rake with Integrated Pressure Transducers

M150E - Educational 1.5m Offshore Support Vessel / Trawler Model

H75P Set of Educational Scaled Propeller models

R67 - Tank Pit mounted Off–shore & floor mounted static model 6 component balance

Cussons Technology wave makers incorporate proven software techniques for wave generator controland can include software links to towing carriages to optimise test duration. Wave Technology isa rapidly advancing science - new or modified products are continually being developed to meetunique experimental needs, including those associated with the offshore industry’s deep-seaexploration research programmes. Our wave maker designs include:

W20E/W40E - Wet Back Hinge Flap Regular / Irregular Wave Maker

W20EB/W40EB – Hybrid Resonant Tuneable Wave Absorbing Beach

R23E - Educational Carriage Mounted Wave Probe

Designed to suita towing tank4m wide, withminimum length 40up to a maximumof 70m (maximumrail length is 60m)- Max Speed 3m/s(however 4m/s ispossible)

C20E - EDUCATIONAL TOWING CARRIAGE

DYNAMOMETERS FOR EDUCATIONAL TOWING CARRIAGES

ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT & INSTRUMENTATION

C40E - EDUCATIONAL TOWING CARRIAGE



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Educational Cavitation Tunnels

Cussons offers a range of small Cavitation Tunnels developed from the Kempf and Remmers designs for use in the laboratories ofTechnical Universities. The Tunnels are manufactured from high grade materials to resist corrosion and fouling. Each of our EducationalRange of Tunnels is supplied with optional control and data-acquisition systems. The data acquisition system interface is based onNational Instruments Front End for development with Labview.

A small but carefully made circulating water tunnel with pressureregulation for cavitation tests, which is suitable for various kinds ofexperimental and demonstration work on flow and cavitation. Thetunnel provides a range of experiments in either hydrodynamic,aerospace or civil engineering.

This is a Small Research Cavitation Tunnel with 3different interchangeable measuring sections available:

- 300mm x 300mm Measuring Section Max Speed 9m/s- 425mm x 425mm Measuring Section Max Speed 5m/s- Asymmetric 630mm x 350mm Measuring Section Max Speed 4m/s

Cussons offers a large variety of instrumentation for hydrodynamic studies. Ourrange of Wake Rakes, Pitot Tubes and High Speed Cameras allow the experimentalwork associated with new research being undertaken in many parts of the world.

J19 Wake Rake with Integrated Pressure Transducers for use Tunnels

K23-06 Pitot Static Tube for use in measuring section of Tunnel

V121E High Speed / Frame Rate Camera system for observing cavitation.

V140 B&K Cavitation Tunnel Hydrophone system

V123E Flat Plate and Cylinder Model Experiment for use in Tunnels

There is a full range of equipment available to compliment these facilities including; Open-water propellerdynamometers, force and moment balances, wake rakes and pitot static Prandtl probes. Please see the list onthe adjacent page. Within the standard K14 and the K23 square sections we would recommend the use of theOpen water propeller dynamometers that can be mounted either down-stream of the flow in the traditionalopen water mode, or upstream of the flow where it can be installed with wake screens to simulate the wakeof the hull.

K14 - EDUCATIONAL CAVITATION TUNNEL

K23 - RESEARCH CAVITATION TUNNEL - ENTRY LEVEL

EDUCATIONAL CAVITATION TUNNEL INSTRUMENTATION

EDUCATIONAL CAVITATION TUNNEL DYNAMOMETERS

External Mounted Dynamometers for use in Tunnelsfor Open Water Propeller testing in the followingranges:

R33E Rated Max Torque ±15Nm, Rated Max Thrust

±400N at 3500rpm. Rated Max Torque ±30Nm,Rated Max Thrust ±600N at 3500rpm.R73E Rated Max Torque ±15Nm, Rated Max Thrust±400N at 3500rpm. Rated Max Torque ±30Nm,Rated Max Thrust ±600N at 3500rpm.

Component Balance range:The R30 Three Component Balance is designed foruse in the measuring section of water tunnels withpressure regulation for cavitation tests.

The R35 Single Component Balance can be usedin air as well as under water, including within aCavitation Tunnel.

The R37 Six Component Balance is designed fortesting rudders, hydrofoils and ship appendageswithin medium sized measuring sections ofCavitation Tunnels.



HEAD OFFICE

Cussons Technology Limited

Cussons Technology Ltd

Great Clowes Street

Manchester

M7 1RH

TEL: +44 (0)161 833 0036

Cussons Brochure Complete

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