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RB Shrestha Page 1
January 26 2014
1
Ram B Shrestha PhD
Postdoctoral Research Associate
13 Insectary Building Department of Entomology
Iowa State Universities Ames Iowa 50011
Phone 515-294-6542 Fax 515-294-7406
Cell Phone 806-549-6285 E-mail shrestrbiastateedu
Web httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
Publications httpscholargooglecomcitationsuser=JphkwaMAAAAJamphl=en
Career Goal
My immediate career goal is to get an academic university positions that provides an opportunity
to use my knowledge skills and passion for research teaching and extension in the field of
arthropod biology ecology and pest management My long-term goal is to become a successful
teacher extension specialist and research scientist and develop internationally recognized
research and teaching program in collaboration with national and international scientists from
various institutions working toward common interest of improving human knowledge and skills
on arthropod ecology and help develop products plans policies tools and technologies that
directly benefit growers and agriculture clientele at large
Academic Qualifications
PhD Biological Science (Entomology concentration) Texas Tech University Department of
Biological Sciences 2011 Dissertation Title Ontogenic Morphometry and Genetic
Diversity of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera Miridae) (GPA 397)
MS Entomology Texas Tech University Department of Plant and Soil Science 2004 Thesis
Title Ecology of Arthropods in Texas High Plains Cotton and Development of Sampling
Plans for Selected Cotton Pests (GPA 40)
BSc Agriculture (Plant Protection Major) Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences
Rampur Chitwan Nepal 1991 (Grade First division)
Employment History
June 2013-Current Postdoctoral Research Associate Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA
Sept 2012-June 2013 Senior Research Associate Cotton Entomology Program Texas AampM
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX
Dec 2009-Aug 2012 Research Associate Cotton Entomology Program Texas AampM AgriLife
Research Lubbock TX
Curriculum Vitae
RB Shrestha Page 2
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2
May 2002-Dec 2009 Graduate Research Assistant Cotton Entomology Program Texas AampM
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX
Jul 1994-May 2002 Plant Protection Officer Division of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture
Kathmandu Nepal
Jan 1992-May 1994 Research Assistant Department of Plant Pathology Institute of Agriculture
and Animal Sciences Rampur Nepal
Immigration Status
Permanent Resident (authorized to work in the United States)
Summary of Scientific Publications (authoredco-authored see pp 16-26 for detailed)
Publication Category Number Published
Peer-reviewed journal articles 15
Refereed proceeding papers 2
Non-refereed proceeding papers 35
Project reports 24
Scientific abstracts 23
Papers in preparationinternal review 5
Career total 99 (published only)
Note My 15 peer reviewed journal papers has been cited 148 times from scientist
all over the world (from 17 different countries)
Summary of Scientific Presentations (see pp 26-35 for detailed list)
Presentation Category Number Presented
International invited oral 9
National invited oral 13
National submitted oral 33
International poster 8
National poster 36
Career total 99
RB Shrestha Page 3
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3
Teaching Student Advisory and Supervision at Texas Tech University
Teaching Involved in syllabus development lecturing in class and posting lecture slides and
other teaching material online in WebCT and Blackboard online server grading exams
and evaluating student performance
2011 ldquoIntroductory Entomologyrdquo undergraduate level online course fall semester
2011 ldquoAdvanced Insect Ecologyrdquo graduate level spring semester
2010 Invited guest lecturer for Integrated Pest management graduate level course spring
2009 ldquoAdvanced Insect Ecologyrdquo graduate level spring semester
Graduate Advisory Served in academic advisory committee of a graduate student (Angela
Fernando MS in Crop Protection Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech
University) Thesis title ldquoOverwintering Biology of Lygus hesperus in the Texas High
Plainsrdquo
Student Supervised Provided technical guidance to MS level students in the program Trained
6 junior MS students in our laboratory Helped in experimental design data
collection and analysis in their MS thesis research projects Supervised 2
undergraduate research fellows and many summer student assistants
Informal Teaching gt400 in field one day-long growersrsquo training and demonstration sessions on
various aspects of crop protection in Nepal
Grants Honors Awards Fellowships and Scholarships (total $185624)
2013 Honor for outstanding leadershipndashplaque presented by Society of Overseas Nepalese
Entomologist (SONE) in annual business meeting of SONE November 11 2013
Austin Texas
2013 Honor in recognition of dedicated service- plaque presented by Cotton Entomology
Program Texas AampM AgriLife Research Center Lubbock TX in May 24 2013
2013 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Characterization of Cotton Crop Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips
Management in Texas High Plains Cotton) $27000 per year (2012-2014 funded
annually)
2013 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Development of Economic Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus
in Texas High Plains Cotton) $30000 per year (2012-2014 funded annually)
2012 New career professional development (MONSANTO sponsored) travel assistantship
award by ESA ($424)
RB Shrestha Page 4
January 26 2014
4
2012 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Characterization of Cotton Crop Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips
Management in Texas High Plains Cotton) $27000 per year (2012-2014 funded
annually)
2012 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Development of Economic Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus
in Texas High Plains Cotton) $30000 per year (2012-2014 funded annually)
2010 CO-PI International Cotton Research Center competitive grant (Lygus Bugs
Investigation of Predisposition Factors Causing Outbreaks in Order to Strengthen
Cotton Pest Management Strategies) $65000 (2010-2011)
2010 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15) ($800)
2009 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation and presentation at 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec
13-16) ($1000)
2009 Third place oral presentation award for student competition at Entomological Society
of America Southwestern Branch Meeting Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
2008 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School for
participation at 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19) ($1000)
2007 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12) ($700)
2006 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 54th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13) ($700)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute ($1000 scholarship award)
2003 Leland Chandler Endowed Scholarship from Graduate School TTU ($500)
2003 Harold and Mary Dregne Graduate Scholarship from Graduate School TTU ($500)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Program International Training Course on IPM in IAC
Wageningen the Netherlands (March 18-June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM Training Fellowship International Training Course on crop protection in
CICAT Guangzhou China (May 5 to July 4)
1998 FAO IPM project in rice Trainers Training Fellowship Trainers Training on IPM in
rice in Dhanusa Nepal (April 6 to July 10)
1993 USAIDNepal Diploma in Biotechnology Training Fellowship Laboratory Training
on Plant Biotechnology in RLABB Kathmandu Nepal (Feb 13-May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 5
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5
Peer Review Service for Entomology Journals
I have reviewed many scientific papers for following entomological journals
Journal of Insect Science
Journal of Economic Entomology
Environmental Entomology
Neotropical Entomology
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
Extension Experience in the USA
During my graduate programs (Master and PhD) from 2002 to 2011 I worked as graduate
research assistant in Texas AampM AgriLife Research and Extension Center Lubbock During this
period I got opportunity to interact closely with many extension specialists and research scientists
IPM and county agriculture extension agents growers crop consultants industry representatives
university professors and USDA scientists I have participated in many agricultural extension
activities Dr Jim Leser (Professor Extension Entomology in Texas AampM) was my masters
graduate advisory committee member I have closely worked with Dr David Kerns (Associate
Professor Extension Entomology in Texas AampM) in various collaborative extension projects
Below are the lists of some of my extension experience gained in Lubbock Texas
Participated in a Corn Rootworm Field day in Boon Iowa August 8 2013
Participated and given invited presentation in 3 crop consultant meetings in Texas
Participated and given invited talks in 4 plains cotton growers and cotton incorporated
annual meetings
Participated and given invited talk in 1 county extension agents refresher training
conferences
Participated in 5 field days and turn row meetings
Participated in 4 industries annual technology update meetings
Organized 4 insect expo insect zoo in science spectrum museum
Conducted many product evaluation field trials in growers field
Attended many commodity group (plains cotton growers advisory group) meetings
Given gt80 presentations for various audience in many meeting conferences
symposium workshops
Guided 3 group of international delegates and scientist visit or tours
Given 1 invited talk in research-extension interaction science conference
RB Shrestha Page 6
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6
Conducted many season-long insect pest sampling or scouting in various experimental
fields for many extension faculties collaborators
Conducted product evaluation field research in collaboration of various industries
Given 1 invited guest lectures for graduate and undergraduate classes in Texas Tech
University
Collaborated with many Extension specialists (Extension entomologists Irrigation
engineers Weed scientistAgronomist Pathologists Economists Plant breeders etc) on
various extension program and field research
Collaboration with many IPM agents county extension agents crop consultants USDA
scientists University professors and many graduate undergraduate students
Collaborated with many entomology faculties from various universities
Organized and moderated symposium in national and regional levels entomology
society meetings
Taught 3 graduate and undergraduate level entomology courses in university
Delivered entomology science and career demonstrations tour and presentations to
many groups of middle school students undergraduate students and upper bound
programrsquos students
Extension Experience in Nepal
I was a Crop Protection Extension Officer in the Department of Agriculture Nepal for 8 years
(1994-2002) I was the team leader of crop protection Extension programs in the district The goal
of my crop protection program was to disseminate modern crop protection technologies to
growers As a district IPM coordinator and crop protection officers I had managed district level
IPM program with the help of 15 junior field technicians and technical associates Examples of
extension activities conducted are as follows
Training and talks gt400 in-field training sessions at grower meetings
Field product evaluation and result demonstrations gt400 crop protection
demonstrations
Mass communications Conducted a radio talk program on rice blast disease and two
TV talk programs on pest management in mushroom cultivation in Nepal
Field days Organized four farmersrsquo field day
Farmersrsquo field schools Conducted three IPM farmersrsquo field schools in rice and cole
crops
Crop disease and insect pest diagnostic service
Pesticide regulation implementation Activity included pesticide registration resellers
training and pesticide inspection
Crop protection program planning monitoring and evaluation (regional and national)
RB Shrestha Page 7
January 26 2014
7
Postharvest loss management program such as grain storage improvement zero-energy
potato storage and cellar fruit storage
Training of junior agriculture technicians and progressive lead farmers
Distribution of posters leaflets booklets pamphlets and calendars
Crop protection training kits and subsidies distribution
Collaboration with research scientists in National Agriculture Research Council for
technology update and feedback on new crop protection technologies
Annual progress report publication (1995-2001)
Growers competition and award program
Collaborative Team Work Experiences
I have worked in close collaboration with several scientists and people from other national and
international laboratories and have published scientific papers coauthored with more than 30
people from different institutions
Leadership and Service to Professional Societies
Contributions to Professional Societies
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Austin TX (November 10-13)
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Graduate Student Ten-Minute Paper competition session
moderator Austin TX (November 10-13) P-IE Section
Monday November 11 2013 800 AM-1200 PM
2012-2013 President Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Knoxville TN (Nov 11-14)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium moderator Knoxville TN (November 11-14) P-IE
Section Environmental Entomology Symposium Tuesday November 13 2012 800
AM-1215 PM
2011-2012 Vice president Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2011 ESA Annual Meeting Student Oral Competition Judge Reno NV (November 13-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium Organizer and Moderator San Diego CA
(December 12-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer San Diego CA (December 12-16)
2009 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Stillwater OK (February 23-26)
2009 ESA-SWB Student Affairs Committee Member
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Indianapolis IN (December 12-16)
RB Shrestha Page 8
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2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Indianapolis IN (December
12-16)
2008 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Reno NV (December 12-16)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Austin TX (February 28-March 2)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Austin TX (February
28-March 2)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Lubbock TX (February 23-26)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Affairs Committee Member Lubbock TX
(February 23-26)
Conference Symposium Management
2014 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 co-organizing a symposium
(proposal accepted) in ESA NCB Annual Meeting Proposed title Advancements and
Challenges in Western Corn Rootworm Management Des Moines IA (March 9-10
2014)
2013 Shrestha R B B K Gautam J Rijal and S Gautam 2013 Jointly organized and
moderated Member symposium on ldquoPromoting Entomological Collaboration through
Inter-societal Network and Information Sharingrdquo for the 61th
annual meeting of ESA
Austin TX (November 10-13) Tuesday November 12 2013 600 PM-1000 PM
2012 Shrestha R B and R R Pandey 2012 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoGlobal Collaboration for the Development of Next Generation IPM
Programrdquo for the 60th
annual meeting of ESA Knoxville TN (November 11-14)
Wednesday November 14 2012 800 AM-1200 PM
2010 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoMolecular and Other Novel Tools in Ecological Researchrdquo for the 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (December 12-15) Wednesday December 15
2010 115 PM-330 PM
Active Memberships in Professional and Honor Societies
Member of Entomological Society of America
Member of Ecological Society of America
Member of Society of Southwestern Entomologists
Member of High Plains Association of Crop Consultants
President of Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists
Member of the National Scholars Honor Society
Member of Golden Key International Honor Society TTU Chapter
Member of Honor Society of Agriculture Gamma Sigma Delta TTU Chapter
RB Shrestha Page 9
January 26 2014
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Member of American Association for Advancement in Science
Founder Member of Nepalese Student Association Texas Tech University
Professional Development Trainings and Workshops
In addition to my formal academic courses I have learned various important skills through
thirteen professional development trainings and workshops The training includes grant
writing training computer programing (R and Python) Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
training Training of Trainers (TOT) and plant biotechnology training Immuno-marking and
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent (ELISA) training microsatellite DNA marker discovery
training teaching enhancement (Blackboard and WebCT) training laboratory safety (handling
radioactive materials pesticide application and shipment of hazardous materials) Compliance
training for conducting regulated Monsanto cotton field trial and training on cotton growth and
development monitoring using COTMAN software
I have also participated in short training courses in professional development such as time
management supervision project management problem solving conflict management scientific
methods information security awareness work place ethics creating discrimination free work
spaces and reporting fraud waste and abuse
Computational or Quantitative Skills and Experience
Through formal course work short training work experience and self-learning exercises I have
acquired computer skills on the application of 29 different computer software and programs
and used them in various research projects My computational skills include statistical data
analysis using SAS SPSS MATLAB SigmaPlot and ArcGIS online course preparation and
teaching using Blackboard and WebCT integrated reference management using EndNote
Medley and Reference Manager documentation database management and technical
communication using Microsoft Office Word Excel Access PowerPoint and Outlook
population genetics and phylogenetic data analysis using PAUP PHYLIP ARLEQUIN
STRUCTURE GenAlEx NTSYS PopGen MEGA AFLP SURV and TotalLab publishing and
graphic design using Adobe Photoshop Illustrator and Paint
RB Shrestha Page 10
January 26 2014
10
Publications and Presentations
1 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
(15 totals 150 times citied) web httpscholargooglecomcitationsuser=JphkwaMAAAAJamphl=en
11 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Potential cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton Journal of Insect Science
20(6)778-788
12 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J E Slosser and D G Bordovsky 2011 Effects of
skip-row planting pattern and planting date on dryland cotton insect pest abundance and
selected plant parameters Southwestern Entomologist 36 21-39
13 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of tillage and planting date on seasonal
abundance and diversity of predacious ground beetles in cotton Journal of Insect Science
10 (174) 1-16
14 Matis T I M N Parajulee J H Matis and R B Shrestha 2008 A mechanistic model
based analysis of cotton aphid population dynamics data Journal of Agriculture and
Forestry Ecology 10 355-362
15 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 86 57-81
16 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee O P Perera B E Scheffler and L D Densmore
2007 Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western tarnished plant bug Lygus
hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Molecular Ecology Notes 7 1342-1344
17 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Influence of tillage planting date
and Bt cultivar on seasonal abundance and within-plant distribution patterns of thrips and
cotton fleahoppers in cotton International Journal of Pest Management 52 249-260
18 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Dispersion patterns and fixed
precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera Thripidae)
and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera Miridae) in cotton Journal of Economic Entomology
99 568-577
19 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J F Leser D B Wester and C Blanco 2006
Evaluation of the functional response of selected cotton arthropod predators on bollworm
eggs in the laboratory and effect of temperature on their predation efficiency
Environmental Entomology 35 379-386
110 Chen F G Wu F Ge M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Effects of elevated
CO2 and transgenic Bt cotton on plant chemistry performance and feeding of an insect
herbivore the cotton bollworm Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115 341-350
RB Shrestha Page 11
January 26 2014
11
111 Dahal G R B Shrestha and R B Thapa 1997 Species composition and relative
abundance of rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp) in different altitude regions of
Nepal International Journal of Pest Management 43(1) 49-58
112 Dahal G A Druka T M Burns L C Villegas Z Fan R B Shrestha and R Hull
1996 Some biological and genomic properties of rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and
rice tungro spherical waika virus from Nepal Annals of Applied Biology 129 (2) 267-
287
113 Pokharel R R G Dahal and R B Shrestha 1994 Association of nematode
populations and virus-like symptoms in papaya Journal of Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science 15 107-113
114 Dahal G R B Shrestha N K Khatri Z Fan and R Hull 1993 Incidence of virus
diseases of rice in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal science 14 115-
116
115 Dahal G R R Pokharel and R B Shrestha 1992 A bibliographic database of plant
pathology in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 13 53-64
2 Papers Published in Refereed Proceedings (2 Total)
21 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Proceedings World Cotton Research
Conference (CD)
22 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review pp 154 -167
Proceeding of second National Conference of Science and Technology
3 Papers in preparation for submission in Journals (5 total)
31 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Survivorship of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field population on Bt corn hybrids revealed cross resistance between
Cry3Bb and mCry3A Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
32 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing eCry3A mCry3A
and eCrymCry3A stacked genes Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
33 Jakka S R K R B Shrestha and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb and
Cry3435Ab Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
RB Shrestha Page 12
January 26 2014
12
34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
RB Shrestha Page 13
January 26 2014
13
49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 2
January 26 2014
2
May 2002-Dec 2009 Graduate Research Assistant Cotton Entomology Program Texas AampM
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX
Jul 1994-May 2002 Plant Protection Officer Division of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture
Kathmandu Nepal
Jan 1992-May 1994 Research Assistant Department of Plant Pathology Institute of Agriculture
and Animal Sciences Rampur Nepal
Immigration Status
Permanent Resident (authorized to work in the United States)
Summary of Scientific Publications (authoredco-authored see pp 16-26 for detailed)
Publication Category Number Published
Peer-reviewed journal articles 15
Refereed proceeding papers 2
Non-refereed proceeding papers 35
Project reports 24
Scientific abstracts 23
Papers in preparationinternal review 5
Career total 99 (published only)
Note My 15 peer reviewed journal papers has been cited 148 times from scientist
all over the world (from 17 different countries)
Summary of Scientific Presentations (see pp 26-35 for detailed list)
Presentation Category Number Presented
International invited oral 9
National invited oral 13
National submitted oral 33
International poster 8
National poster 36
Career total 99
RB Shrestha Page 3
January 26 2014
3
Teaching Student Advisory and Supervision at Texas Tech University
Teaching Involved in syllabus development lecturing in class and posting lecture slides and
other teaching material online in WebCT and Blackboard online server grading exams
and evaluating student performance
2011 ldquoIntroductory Entomologyrdquo undergraduate level online course fall semester
2011 ldquoAdvanced Insect Ecologyrdquo graduate level spring semester
2010 Invited guest lecturer for Integrated Pest management graduate level course spring
2009 ldquoAdvanced Insect Ecologyrdquo graduate level spring semester
Graduate Advisory Served in academic advisory committee of a graduate student (Angela
Fernando MS in Crop Protection Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech
University) Thesis title ldquoOverwintering Biology of Lygus hesperus in the Texas High
Plainsrdquo
Student Supervised Provided technical guidance to MS level students in the program Trained
6 junior MS students in our laboratory Helped in experimental design data
collection and analysis in their MS thesis research projects Supervised 2
undergraduate research fellows and many summer student assistants
Informal Teaching gt400 in field one day-long growersrsquo training and demonstration sessions on
various aspects of crop protection in Nepal
Grants Honors Awards Fellowships and Scholarships (total $185624)
2013 Honor for outstanding leadershipndashplaque presented by Society of Overseas Nepalese
Entomologist (SONE) in annual business meeting of SONE November 11 2013
Austin Texas
2013 Honor in recognition of dedicated service- plaque presented by Cotton Entomology
Program Texas AampM AgriLife Research Center Lubbock TX in May 24 2013
2013 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Characterization of Cotton Crop Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips
Management in Texas High Plains Cotton) $27000 per year (2012-2014 funded
annually)
2013 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Development of Economic Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus
in Texas High Plains Cotton) $30000 per year (2012-2014 funded annually)
2012 New career professional development (MONSANTO sponsored) travel assistantship
award by ESA ($424)
RB Shrestha Page 4
January 26 2014
4
2012 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Characterization of Cotton Crop Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips
Management in Texas High Plains Cotton) $27000 per year (2012-2014 funded
annually)
2012 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Development of Economic Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus
in Texas High Plains Cotton) $30000 per year (2012-2014 funded annually)
2010 CO-PI International Cotton Research Center competitive grant (Lygus Bugs
Investigation of Predisposition Factors Causing Outbreaks in Order to Strengthen
Cotton Pest Management Strategies) $65000 (2010-2011)
2010 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15) ($800)
2009 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation and presentation at 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec
13-16) ($1000)
2009 Third place oral presentation award for student competition at Entomological Society
of America Southwestern Branch Meeting Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
2008 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School for
participation at 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19) ($1000)
2007 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12) ($700)
2006 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 54th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13) ($700)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute ($1000 scholarship award)
2003 Leland Chandler Endowed Scholarship from Graduate School TTU ($500)
2003 Harold and Mary Dregne Graduate Scholarship from Graduate School TTU ($500)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Program International Training Course on IPM in IAC
Wageningen the Netherlands (March 18-June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM Training Fellowship International Training Course on crop protection in
CICAT Guangzhou China (May 5 to July 4)
1998 FAO IPM project in rice Trainers Training Fellowship Trainers Training on IPM in
rice in Dhanusa Nepal (April 6 to July 10)
1993 USAIDNepal Diploma in Biotechnology Training Fellowship Laboratory Training
on Plant Biotechnology in RLABB Kathmandu Nepal (Feb 13-May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 5
January 26 2014
5
Peer Review Service for Entomology Journals
I have reviewed many scientific papers for following entomological journals
Journal of Insect Science
Journal of Economic Entomology
Environmental Entomology
Neotropical Entomology
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
Extension Experience in the USA
During my graduate programs (Master and PhD) from 2002 to 2011 I worked as graduate
research assistant in Texas AampM AgriLife Research and Extension Center Lubbock During this
period I got opportunity to interact closely with many extension specialists and research scientists
IPM and county agriculture extension agents growers crop consultants industry representatives
university professors and USDA scientists I have participated in many agricultural extension
activities Dr Jim Leser (Professor Extension Entomology in Texas AampM) was my masters
graduate advisory committee member I have closely worked with Dr David Kerns (Associate
Professor Extension Entomology in Texas AampM) in various collaborative extension projects
Below are the lists of some of my extension experience gained in Lubbock Texas
Participated in a Corn Rootworm Field day in Boon Iowa August 8 2013
Participated and given invited presentation in 3 crop consultant meetings in Texas
Participated and given invited talks in 4 plains cotton growers and cotton incorporated
annual meetings
Participated and given invited talk in 1 county extension agents refresher training
conferences
Participated in 5 field days and turn row meetings
Participated in 4 industries annual technology update meetings
Organized 4 insect expo insect zoo in science spectrum museum
Conducted many product evaluation field trials in growers field
Attended many commodity group (plains cotton growers advisory group) meetings
Given gt80 presentations for various audience in many meeting conferences
symposium workshops
Guided 3 group of international delegates and scientist visit or tours
Given 1 invited talk in research-extension interaction science conference
RB Shrestha Page 6
January 26 2014
6
Conducted many season-long insect pest sampling or scouting in various experimental
fields for many extension faculties collaborators
Conducted product evaluation field research in collaboration of various industries
Given 1 invited guest lectures for graduate and undergraduate classes in Texas Tech
University
Collaborated with many Extension specialists (Extension entomologists Irrigation
engineers Weed scientistAgronomist Pathologists Economists Plant breeders etc) on
various extension program and field research
Collaboration with many IPM agents county extension agents crop consultants USDA
scientists University professors and many graduate undergraduate students
Collaborated with many entomology faculties from various universities
Organized and moderated symposium in national and regional levels entomology
society meetings
Taught 3 graduate and undergraduate level entomology courses in university
Delivered entomology science and career demonstrations tour and presentations to
many groups of middle school students undergraduate students and upper bound
programrsquos students
Extension Experience in Nepal
I was a Crop Protection Extension Officer in the Department of Agriculture Nepal for 8 years
(1994-2002) I was the team leader of crop protection Extension programs in the district The goal
of my crop protection program was to disseminate modern crop protection technologies to
growers As a district IPM coordinator and crop protection officers I had managed district level
IPM program with the help of 15 junior field technicians and technical associates Examples of
extension activities conducted are as follows
Training and talks gt400 in-field training sessions at grower meetings
Field product evaluation and result demonstrations gt400 crop protection
demonstrations
Mass communications Conducted a radio talk program on rice blast disease and two
TV talk programs on pest management in mushroom cultivation in Nepal
Field days Organized four farmersrsquo field day
Farmersrsquo field schools Conducted three IPM farmersrsquo field schools in rice and cole
crops
Crop disease and insect pest diagnostic service
Pesticide regulation implementation Activity included pesticide registration resellers
training and pesticide inspection
Crop protection program planning monitoring and evaluation (regional and national)
RB Shrestha Page 7
January 26 2014
7
Postharvest loss management program such as grain storage improvement zero-energy
potato storage and cellar fruit storage
Training of junior agriculture technicians and progressive lead farmers
Distribution of posters leaflets booklets pamphlets and calendars
Crop protection training kits and subsidies distribution
Collaboration with research scientists in National Agriculture Research Council for
technology update and feedback on new crop protection technologies
Annual progress report publication (1995-2001)
Growers competition and award program
Collaborative Team Work Experiences
I have worked in close collaboration with several scientists and people from other national and
international laboratories and have published scientific papers coauthored with more than 30
people from different institutions
Leadership and Service to Professional Societies
Contributions to Professional Societies
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Austin TX (November 10-13)
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Graduate Student Ten-Minute Paper competition session
moderator Austin TX (November 10-13) P-IE Section
Monday November 11 2013 800 AM-1200 PM
2012-2013 President Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Knoxville TN (Nov 11-14)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium moderator Knoxville TN (November 11-14) P-IE
Section Environmental Entomology Symposium Tuesday November 13 2012 800
AM-1215 PM
2011-2012 Vice president Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2011 ESA Annual Meeting Student Oral Competition Judge Reno NV (November 13-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium Organizer and Moderator San Diego CA
(December 12-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer San Diego CA (December 12-16)
2009 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Stillwater OK (February 23-26)
2009 ESA-SWB Student Affairs Committee Member
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Indianapolis IN (December 12-16)
RB Shrestha Page 8
January 26 2014
8
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Indianapolis IN (December
12-16)
2008 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Reno NV (December 12-16)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Austin TX (February 28-March 2)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Austin TX (February
28-March 2)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Lubbock TX (February 23-26)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Affairs Committee Member Lubbock TX
(February 23-26)
Conference Symposium Management
2014 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 co-organizing a symposium
(proposal accepted) in ESA NCB Annual Meeting Proposed title Advancements and
Challenges in Western Corn Rootworm Management Des Moines IA (March 9-10
2014)
2013 Shrestha R B B K Gautam J Rijal and S Gautam 2013 Jointly organized and
moderated Member symposium on ldquoPromoting Entomological Collaboration through
Inter-societal Network and Information Sharingrdquo for the 61th
annual meeting of ESA
Austin TX (November 10-13) Tuesday November 12 2013 600 PM-1000 PM
2012 Shrestha R B and R R Pandey 2012 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoGlobal Collaboration for the Development of Next Generation IPM
Programrdquo for the 60th
annual meeting of ESA Knoxville TN (November 11-14)
Wednesday November 14 2012 800 AM-1200 PM
2010 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoMolecular and Other Novel Tools in Ecological Researchrdquo for the 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (December 12-15) Wednesday December 15
2010 115 PM-330 PM
Active Memberships in Professional and Honor Societies
Member of Entomological Society of America
Member of Ecological Society of America
Member of Society of Southwestern Entomologists
Member of High Plains Association of Crop Consultants
President of Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists
Member of the National Scholars Honor Society
Member of Golden Key International Honor Society TTU Chapter
Member of Honor Society of Agriculture Gamma Sigma Delta TTU Chapter
RB Shrestha Page 9
January 26 2014
9
Member of American Association for Advancement in Science
Founder Member of Nepalese Student Association Texas Tech University
Professional Development Trainings and Workshops
In addition to my formal academic courses I have learned various important skills through
thirteen professional development trainings and workshops The training includes grant
writing training computer programing (R and Python) Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
training Training of Trainers (TOT) and plant biotechnology training Immuno-marking and
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent (ELISA) training microsatellite DNA marker discovery
training teaching enhancement (Blackboard and WebCT) training laboratory safety (handling
radioactive materials pesticide application and shipment of hazardous materials) Compliance
training for conducting regulated Monsanto cotton field trial and training on cotton growth and
development monitoring using COTMAN software
I have also participated in short training courses in professional development such as time
management supervision project management problem solving conflict management scientific
methods information security awareness work place ethics creating discrimination free work
spaces and reporting fraud waste and abuse
Computational or Quantitative Skills and Experience
Through formal course work short training work experience and self-learning exercises I have
acquired computer skills on the application of 29 different computer software and programs
and used them in various research projects My computational skills include statistical data
analysis using SAS SPSS MATLAB SigmaPlot and ArcGIS online course preparation and
teaching using Blackboard and WebCT integrated reference management using EndNote
Medley and Reference Manager documentation database management and technical
communication using Microsoft Office Word Excel Access PowerPoint and Outlook
population genetics and phylogenetic data analysis using PAUP PHYLIP ARLEQUIN
STRUCTURE GenAlEx NTSYS PopGen MEGA AFLP SURV and TotalLab publishing and
graphic design using Adobe Photoshop Illustrator and Paint
RB Shrestha Page 10
January 26 2014
10
Publications and Presentations
1 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
(15 totals 150 times citied) web httpscholargooglecomcitationsuser=JphkwaMAAAAJamphl=en
11 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Potential cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton Journal of Insect Science
20(6)778-788
12 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J E Slosser and D G Bordovsky 2011 Effects of
skip-row planting pattern and planting date on dryland cotton insect pest abundance and
selected plant parameters Southwestern Entomologist 36 21-39
13 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of tillage and planting date on seasonal
abundance and diversity of predacious ground beetles in cotton Journal of Insect Science
10 (174) 1-16
14 Matis T I M N Parajulee J H Matis and R B Shrestha 2008 A mechanistic model
based analysis of cotton aphid population dynamics data Journal of Agriculture and
Forestry Ecology 10 355-362
15 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 86 57-81
16 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee O P Perera B E Scheffler and L D Densmore
2007 Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western tarnished plant bug Lygus
hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Molecular Ecology Notes 7 1342-1344
17 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Influence of tillage planting date
and Bt cultivar on seasonal abundance and within-plant distribution patterns of thrips and
cotton fleahoppers in cotton International Journal of Pest Management 52 249-260
18 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Dispersion patterns and fixed
precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera Thripidae)
and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera Miridae) in cotton Journal of Economic Entomology
99 568-577
19 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J F Leser D B Wester and C Blanco 2006
Evaluation of the functional response of selected cotton arthropod predators on bollworm
eggs in the laboratory and effect of temperature on their predation efficiency
Environmental Entomology 35 379-386
110 Chen F G Wu F Ge M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Effects of elevated
CO2 and transgenic Bt cotton on plant chemistry performance and feeding of an insect
herbivore the cotton bollworm Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115 341-350
RB Shrestha Page 11
January 26 2014
11
111 Dahal G R B Shrestha and R B Thapa 1997 Species composition and relative
abundance of rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp) in different altitude regions of
Nepal International Journal of Pest Management 43(1) 49-58
112 Dahal G A Druka T M Burns L C Villegas Z Fan R B Shrestha and R Hull
1996 Some biological and genomic properties of rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and
rice tungro spherical waika virus from Nepal Annals of Applied Biology 129 (2) 267-
287
113 Pokharel R R G Dahal and R B Shrestha 1994 Association of nematode
populations and virus-like symptoms in papaya Journal of Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science 15 107-113
114 Dahal G R B Shrestha N K Khatri Z Fan and R Hull 1993 Incidence of virus
diseases of rice in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal science 14 115-
116
115 Dahal G R R Pokharel and R B Shrestha 1992 A bibliographic database of plant
pathology in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 13 53-64
2 Papers Published in Refereed Proceedings (2 Total)
21 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Proceedings World Cotton Research
Conference (CD)
22 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review pp 154 -167
Proceeding of second National Conference of Science and Technology
3 Papers in preparation for submission in Journals (5 total)
31 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Survivorship of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field population on Bt corn hybrids revealed cross resistance between
Cry3Bb and mCry3A Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
32 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing eCry3A mCry3A
and eCrymCry3A stacked genes Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
33 Jakka S R K R B Shrestha and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb and
Cry3435Ab Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
RB Shrestha Page 12
January 26 2014
12
34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
RB Shrestha Page 13
January 26 2014
13
49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 3
January 26 2014
3
Teaching Student Advisory and Supervision at Texas Tech University
Teaching Involved in syllabus development lecturing in class and posting lecture slides and
other teaching material online in WebCT and Blackboard online server grading exams
and evaluating student performance
2011 ldquoIntroductory Entomologyrdquo undergraduate level online course fall semester
2011 ldquoAdvanced Insect Ecologyrdquo graduate level spring semester
2010 Invited guest lecturer for Integrated Pest management graduate level course spring
2009 ldquoAdvanced Insect Ecologyrdquo graduate level spring semester
Graduate Advisory Served in academic advisory committee of a graduate student (Angela
Fernando MS in Crop Protection Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech
University) Thesis title ldquoOverwintering Biology of Lygus hesperus in the Texas High
Plainsrdquo
Student Supervised Provided technical guidance to MS level students in the program Trained
6 junior MS students in our laboratory Helped in experimental design data
collection and analysis in their MS thesis research projects Supervised 2
undergraduate research fellows and many summer student assistants
Informal Teaching gt400 in field one day-long growersrsquo training and demonstration sessions on
various aspects of crop protection in Nepal
Grants Honors Awards Fellowships and Scholarships (total $185624)
2013 Honor for outstanding leadershipndashplaque presented by Society of Overseas Nepalese
Entomologist (SONE) in annual business meeting of SONE November 11 2013
Austin Texas
2013 Honor in recognition of dedicated service- plaque presented by Cotton Entomology
Program Texas AampM AgriLife Research Center Lubbock TX in May 24 2013
2013 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Characterization of Cotton Crop Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips
Management in Texas High Plains Cotton) $27000 per year (2012-2014 funded
annually)
2013 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Development of Economic Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus
in Texas High Plains Cotton) $30000 per year (2012-2014 funded annually)
2012 New career professional development (MONSANTO sponsored) travel assistantship
award by ESA ($424)
RB Shrestha Page 4
January 26 2014
4
2012 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Characterization of Cotton Crop Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips
Management in Texas High Plains Cotton) $27000 per year (2012-2014 funded
annually)
2012 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Development of Economic Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus
in Texas High Plains Cotton) $30000 per year (2012-2014 funded annually)
2010 CO-PI International Cotton Research Center competitive grant (Lygus Bugs
Investigation of Predisposition Factors Causing Outbreaks in Order to Strengthen
Cotton Pest Management Strategies) $65000 (2010-2011)
2010 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15) ($800)
2009 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation and presentation at 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec
13-16) ($1000)
2009 Third place oral presentation award for student competition at Entomological Society
of America Southwestern Branch Meeting Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
2008 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School for
participation at 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19) ($1000)
2007 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12) ($700)
2006 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 54th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13) ($700)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute ($1000 scholarship award)
2003 Leland Chandler Endowed Scholarship from Graduate School TTU ($500)
2003 Harold and Mary Dregne Graduate Scholarship from Graduate School TTU ($500)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Program International Training Course on IPM in IAC
Wageningen the Netherlands (March 18-June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM Training Fellowship International Training Course on crop protection in
CICAT Guangzhou China (May 5 to July 4)
1998 FAO IPM project in rice Trainers Training Fellowship Trainers Training on IPM in
rice in Dhanusa Nepal (April 6 to July 10)
1993 USAIDNepal Diploma in Biotechnology Training Fellowship Laboratory Training
on Plant Biotechnology in RLABB Kathmandu Nepal (Feb 13-May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 5
January 26 2014
5
Peer Review Service for Entomology Journals
I have reviewed many scientific papers for following entomological journals
Journal of Insect Science
Journal of Economic Entomology
Environmental Entomology
Neotropical Entomology
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
Extension Experience in the USA
During my graduate programs (Master and PhD) from 2002 to 2011 I worked as graduate
research assistant in Texas AampM AgriLife Research and Extension Center Lubbock During this
period I got opportunity to interact closely with many extension specialists and research scientists
IPM and county agriculture extension agents growers crop consultants industry representatives
university professors and USDA scientists I have participated in many agricultural extension
activities Dr Jim Leser (Professor Extension Entomology in Texas AampM) was my masters
graduate advisory committee member I have closely worked with Dr David Kerns (Associate
Professor Extension Entomology in Texas AampM) in various collaborative extension projects
Below are the lists of some of my extension experience gained in Lubbock Texas
Participated in a Corn Rootworm Field day in Boon Iowa August 8 2013
Participated and given invited presentation in 3 crop consultant meetings in Texas
Participated and given invited talks in 4 plains cotton growers and cotton incorporated
annual meetings
Participated and given invited talk in 1 county extension agents refresher training
conferences
Participated in 5 field days and turn row meetings
Participated in 4 industries annual technology update meetings
Organized 4 insect expo insect zoo in science spectrum museum
Conducted many product evaluation field trials in growers field
Attended many commodity group (plains cotton growers advisory group) meetings
Given gt80 presentations for various audience in many meeting conferences
symposium workshops
Guided 3 group of international delegates and scientist visit or tours
Given 1 invited talk in research-extension interaction science conference
RB Shrestha Page 6
January 26 2014
6
Conducted many season-long insect pest sampling or scouting in various experimental
fields for many extension faculties collaborators
Conducted product evaluation field research in collaboration of various industries
Given 1 invited guest lectures for graduate and undergraduate classes in Texas Tech
University
Collaborated with many Extension specialists (Extension entomologists Irrigation
engineers Weed scientistAgronomist Pathologists Economists Plant breeders etc) on
various extension program and field research
Collaboration with many IPM agents county extension agents crop consultants USDA
scientists University professors and many graduate undergraduate students
Collaborated with many entomology faculties from various universities
Organized and moderated symposium in national and regional levels entomology
society meetings
Taught 3 graduate and undergraduate level entomology courses in university
Delivered entomology science and career demonstrations tour and presentations to
many groups of middle school students undergraduate students and upper bound
programrsquos students
Extension Experience in Nepal
I was a Crop Protection Extension Officer in the Department of Agriculture Nepal for 8 years
(1994-2002) I was the team leader of crop protection Extension programs in the district The goal
of my crop protection program was to disseminate modern crop protection technologies to
growers As a district IPM coordinator and crop protection officers I had managed district level
IPM program with the help of 15 junior field technicians and technical associates Examples of
extension activities conducted are as follows
Training and talks gt400 in-field training sessions at grower meetings
Field product evaluation and result demonstrations gt400 crop protection
demonstrations
Mass communications Conducted a radio talk program on rice blast disease and two
TV talk programs on pest management in mushroom cultivation in Nepal
Field days Organized four farmersrsquo field day
Farmersrsquo field schools Conducted three IPM farmersrsquo field schools in rice and cole
crops
Crop disease and insect pest diagnostic service
Pesticide regulation implementation Activity included pesticide registration resellers
training and pesticide inspection
Crop protection program planning monitoring and evaluation (regional and national)
RB Shrestha Page 7
January 26 2014
7
Postharvest loss management program such as grain storage improvement zero-energy
potato storage and cellar fruit storage
Training of junior agriculture technicians and progressive lead farmers
Distribution of posters leaflets booklets pamphlets and calendars
Crop protection training kits and subsidies distribution
Collaboration with research scientists in National Agriculture Research Council for
technology update and feedback on new crop protection technologies
Annual progress report publication (1995-2001)
Growers competition and award program
Collaborative Team Work Experiences
I have worked in close collaboration with several scientists and people from other national and
international laboratories and have published scientific papers coauthored with more than 30
people from different institutions
Leadership and Service to Professional Societies
Contributions to Professional Societies
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Austin TX (November 10-13)
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Graduate Student Ten-Minute Paper competition session
moderator Austin TX (November 10-13) P-IE Section
Monday November 11 2013 800 AM-1200 PM
2012-2013 President Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Knoxville TN (Nov 11-14)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium moderator Knoxville TN (November 11-14) P-IE
Section Environmental Entomology Symposium Tuesday November 13 2012 800
AM-1215 PM
2011-2012 Vice president Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2011 ESA Annual Meeting Student Oral Competition Judge Reno NV (November 13-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium Organizer and Moderator San Diego CA
(December 12-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer San Diego CA (December 12-16)
2009 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Stillwater OK (February 23-26)
2009 ESA-SWB Student Affairs Committee Member
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Indianapolis IN (December 12-16)
RB Shrestha Page 8
January 26 2014
8
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Indianapolis IN (December
12-16)
2008 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Reno NV (December 12-16)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Austin TX (February 28-March 2)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Austin TX (February
28-March 2)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Lubbock TX (February 23-26)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Affairs Committee Member Lubbock TX
(February 23-26)
Conference Symposium Management
2014 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 co-organizing a symposium
(proposal accepted) in ESA NCB Annual Meeting Proposed title Advancements and
Challenges in Western Corn Rootworm Management Des Moines IA (March 9-10
2014)
2013 Shrestha R B B K Gautam J Rijal and S Gautam 2013 Jointly organized and
moderated Member symposium on ldquoPromoting Entomological Collaboration through
Inter-societal Network and Information Sharingrdquo for the 61th
annual meeting of ESA
Austin TX (November 10-13) Tuesday November 12 2013 600 PM-1000 PM
2012 Shrestha R B and R R Pandey 2012 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoGlobal Collaboration for the Development of Next Generation IPM
Programrdquo for the 60th
annual meeting of ESA Knoxville TN (November 11-14)
Wednesday November 14 2012 800 AM-1200 PM
2010 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoMolecular and Other Novel Tools in Ecological Researchrdquo for the 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (December 12-15) Wednesday December 15
2010 115 PM-330 PM
Active Memberships in Professional and Honor Societies
Member of Entomological Society of America
Member of Ecological Society of America
Member of Society of Southwestern Entomologists
Member of High Plains Association of Crop Consultants
President of Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists
Member of the National Scholars Honor Society
Member of Golden Key International Honor Society TTU Chapter
Member of Honor Society of Agriculture Gamma Sigma Delta TTU Chapter
RB Shrestha Page 9
January 26 2014
9
Member of American Association for Advancement in Science
Founder Member of Nepalese Student Association Texas Tech University
Professional Development Trainings and Workshops
In addition to my formal academic courses I have learned various important skills through
thirteen professional development trainings and workshops The training includes grant
writing training computer programing (R and Python) Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
training Training of Trainers (TOT) and plant biotechnology training Immuno-marking and
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent (ELISA) training microsatellite DNA marker discovery
training teaching enhancement (Blackboard and WebCT) training laboratory safety (handling
radioactive materials pesticide application and shipment of hazardous materials) Compliance
training for conducting regulated Monsanto cotton field trial and training on cotton growth and
development monitoring using COTMAN software
I have also participated in short training courses in professional development such as time
management supervision project management problem solving conflict management scientific
methods information security awareness work place ethics creating discrimination free work
spaces and reporting fraud waste and abuse
Computational or Quantitative Skills and Experience
Through formal course work short training work experience and self-learning exercises I have
acquired computer skills on the application of 29 different computer software and programs
and used them in various research projects My computational skills include statistical data
analysis using SAS SPSS MATLAB SigmaPlot and ArcGIS online course preparation and
teaching using Blackboard and WebCT integrated reference management using EndNote
Medley and Reference Manager documentation database management and technical
communication using Microsoft Office Word Excel Access PowerPoint and Outlook
population genetics and phylogenetic data analysis using PAUP PHYLIP ARLEQUIN
STRUCTURE GenAlEx NTSYS PopGen MEGA AFLP SURV and TotalLab publishing and
graphic design using Adobe Photoshop Illustrator and Paint
RB Shrestha Page 10
January 26 2014
10
Publications and Presentations
1 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
(15 totals 150 times citied) web httpscholargooglecomcitationsuser=JphkwaMAAAAJamphl=en
11 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Potential cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton Journal of Insect Science
20(6)778-788
12 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J E Slosser and D G Bordovsky 2011 Effects of
skip-row planting pattern and planting date on dryland cotton insect pest abundance and
selected plant parameters Southwestern Entomologist 36 21-39
13 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of tillage and planting date on seasonal
abundance and diversity of predacious ground beetles in cotton Journal of Insect Science
10 (174) 1-16
14 Matis T I M N Parajulee J H Matis and R B Shrestha 2008 A mechanistic model
based analysis of cotton aphid population dynamics data Journal of Agriculture and
Forestry Ecology 10 355-362
15 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 86 57-81
16 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee O P Perera B E Scheffler and L D Densmore
2007 Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western tarnished plant bug Lygus
hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Molecular Ecology Notes 7 1342-1344
17 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Influence of tillage planting date
and Bt cultivar on seasonal abundance and within-plant distribution patterns of thrips and
cotton fleahoppers in cotton International Journal of Pest Management 52 249-260
18 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Dispersion patterns and fixed
precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera Thripidae)
and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera Miridae) in cotton Journal of Economic Entomology
99 568-577
19 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J F Leser D B Wester and C Blanco 2006
Evaluation of the functional response of selected cotton arthropod predators on bollworm
eggs in the laboratory and effect of temperature on their predation efficiency
Environmental Entomology 35 379-386
110 Chen F G Wu F Ge M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Effects of elevated
CO2 and transgenic Bt cotton on plant chemistry performance and feeding of an insect
herbivore the cotton bollworm Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115 341-350
RB Shrestha Page 11
January 26 2014
11
111 Dahal G R B Shrestha and R B Thapa 1997 Species composition and relative
abundance of rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp) in different altitude regions of
Nepal International Journal of Pest Management 43(1) 49-58
112 Dahal G A Druka T M Burns L C Villegas Z Fan R B Shrestha and R Hull
1996 Some biological and genomic properties of rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and
rice tungro spherical waika virus from Nepal Annals of Applied Biology 129 (2) 267-
287
113 Pokharel R R G Dahal and R B Shrestha 1994 Association of nematode
populations and virus-like symptoms in papaya Journal of Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science 15 107-113
114 Dahal G R B Shrestha N K Khatri Z Fan and R Hull 1993 Incidence of virus
diseases of rice in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal science 14 115-
116
115 Dahal G R R Pokharel and R B Shrestha 1992 A bibliographic database of plant
pathology in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 13 53-64
2 Papers Published in Refereed Proceedings (2 Total)
21 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Proceedings World Cotton Research
Conference (CD)
22 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review pp 154 -167
Proceeding of second National Conference of Science and Technology
3 Papers in preparation for submission in Journals (5 total)
31 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Survivorship of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field population on Bt corn hybrids revealed cross resistance between
Cry3Bb and mCry3A Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
32 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing eCry3A mCry3A
and eCrymCry3A stacked genes Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
33 Jakka S R K R B Shrestha and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb and
Cry3435Ab Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
RB Shrestha Page 12
January 26 2014
12
34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
RB Shrestha Page 13
January 26 2014
13
49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 4
January 26 2014
4
2012 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Characterization of Cotton Crop Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips
Management in Texas High Plains Cotton) $27000 per year (2012-2014 funded
annually)
2012 CO-PI Cotton Incorporated - Texas State Support Committee competitive grant
(Development of Economic Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus
in Texas High Plains Cotton) $30000 per year (2012-2014 funded annually)
2010 CO-PI International Cotton Research Center competitive grant (Lygus Bugs
Investigation of Predisposition Factors Causing Outbreaks in Order to Strengthen
Cotton Pest Management Strategies) $65000 (2010-2011)
2010 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15) ($800)
2009 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation and presentation at 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec
13-16) ($1000)
2009 Third place oral presentation award for student competition at Entomological Society
of America Southwestern Branch Meeting Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
2008 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School for
participation at 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19) ($1000)
2007 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12) ($700)
2006 Travel grant from Biological Science Department and Graduate School TTU for
participation at 54th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13) ($700)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute ($1000 scholarship award)
2003 Leland Chandler Endowed Scholarship from Graduate School TTU ($500)
2003 Harold and Mary Dregne Graduate Scholarship from Graduate School TTU ($500)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Program International Training Course on IPM in IAC
Wageningen the Netherlands (March 18-June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM Training Fellowship International Training Course on crop protection in
CICAT Guangzhou China (May 5 to July 4)
1998 FAO IPM project in rice Trainers Training Fellowship Trainers Training on IPM in
rice in Dhanusa Nepal (April 6 to July 10)
1993 USAIDNepal Diploma in Biotechnology Training Fellowship Laboratory Training
on Plant Biotechnology in RLABB Kathmandu Nepal (Feb 13-May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 5
January 26 2014
5
Peer Review Service for Entomology Journals
I have reviewed many scientific papers for following entomological journals
Journal of Insect Science
Journal of Economic Entomology
Environmental Entomology
Neotropical Entomology
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
Extension Experience in the USA
During my graduate programs (Master and PhD) from 2002 to 2011 I worked as graduate
research assistant in Texas AampM AgriLife Research and Extension Center Lubbock During this
period I got opportunity to interact closely with many extension specialists and research scientists
IPM and county agriculture extension agents growers crop consultants industry representatives
university professors and USDA scientists I have participated in many agricultural extension
activities Dr Jim Leser (Professor Extension Entomology in Texas AampM) was my masters
graduate advisory committee member I have closely worked with Dr David Kerns (Associate
Professor Extension Entomology in Texas AampM) in various collaborative extension projects
Below are the lists of some of my extension experience gained in Lubbock Texas
Participated in a Corn Rootworm Field day in Boon Iowa August 8 2013
Participated and given invited presentation in 3 crop consultant meetings in Texas
Participated and given invited talks in 4 plains cotton growers and cotton incorporated
annual meetings
Participated and given invited talk in 1 county extension agents refresher training
conferences
Participated in 5 field days and turn row meetings
Participated in 4 industries annual technology update meetings
Organized 4 insect expo insect zoo in science spectrum museum
Conducted many product evaluation field trials in growers field
Attended many commodity group (plains cotton growers advisory group) meetings
Given gt80 presentations for various audience in many meeting conferences
symposium workshops
Guided 3 group of international delegates and scientist visit or tours
Given 1 invited talk in research-extension interaction science conference
RB Shrestha Page 6
January 26 2014
6
Conducted many season-long insect pest sampling or scouting in various experimental
fields for many extension faculties collaborators
Conducted product evaluation field research in collaboration of various industries
Given 1 invited guest lectures for graduate and undergraduate classes in Texas Tech
University
Collaborated with many Extension specialists (Extension entomologists Irrigation
engineers Weed scientistAgronomist Pathologists Economists Plant breeders etc) on
various extension program and field research
Collaboration with many IPM agents county extension agents crop consultants USDA
scientists University professors and many graduate undergraduate students
Collaborated with many entomology faculties from various universities
Organized and moderated symposium in national and regional levels entomology
society meetings
Taught 3 graduate and undergraduate level entomology courses in university
Delivered entomology science and career demonstrations tour and presentations to
many groups of middle school students undergraduate students and upper bound
programrsquos students
Extension Experience in Nepal
I was a Crop Protection Extension Officer in the Department of Agriculture Nepal for 8 years
(1994-2002) I was the team leader of crop protection Extension programs in the district The goal
of my crop protection program was to disseminate modern crop protection technologies to
growers As a district IPM coordinator and crop protection officers I had managed district level
IPM program with the help of 15 junior field technicians and technical associates Examples of
extension activities conducted are as follows
Training and talks gt400 in-field training sessions at grower meetings
Field product evaluation and result demonstrations gt400 crop protection
demonstrations
Mass communications Conducted a radio talk program on rice blast disease and two
TV talk programs on pest management in mushroom cultivation in Nepal
Field days Organized four farmersrsquo field day
Farmersrsquo field schools Conducted three IPM farmersrsquo field schools in rice and cole
crops
Crop disease and insect pest diagnostic service
Pesticide regulation implementation Activity included pesticide registration resellers
training and pesticide inspection
Crop protection program planning monitoring and evaluation (regional and national)
RB Shrestha Page 7
January 26 2014
7
Postharvest loss management program such as grain storage improvement zero-energy
potato storage and cellar fruit storage
Training of junior agriculture technicians and progressive lead farmers
Distribution of posters leaflets booklets pamphlets and calendars
Crop protection training kits and subsidies distribution
Collaboration with research scientists in National Agriculture Research Council for
technology update and feedback on new crop protection technologies
Annual progress report publication (1995-2001)
Growers competition and award program
Collaborative Team Work Experiences
I have worked in close collaboration with several scientists and people from other national and
international laboratories and have published scientific papers coauthored with more than 30
people from different institutions
Leadership and Service to Professional Societies
Contributions to Professional Societies
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Austin TX (November 10-13)
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Graduate Student Ten-Minute Paper competition session
moderator Austin TX (November 10-13) P-IE Section
Monday November 11 2013 800 AM-1200 PM
2012-2013 President Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Knoxville TN (Nov 11-14)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium moderator Knoxville TN (November 11-14) P-IE
Section Environmental Entomology Symposium Tuesday November 13 2012 800
AM-1215 PM
2011-2012 Vice president Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2011 ESA Annual Meeting Student Oral Competition Judge Reno NV (November 13-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium Organizer and Moderator San Diego CA
(December 12-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer San Diego CA (December 12-16)
2009 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Stillwater OK (February 23-26)
2009 ESA-SWB Student Affairs Committee Member
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Indianapolis IN (December 12-16)
RB Shrestha Page 8
January 26 2014
8
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Indianapolis IN (December
12-16)
2008 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Reno NV (December 12-16)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Austin TX (February 28-March 2)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Austin TX (February
28-March 2)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Lubbock TX (February 23-26)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Affairs Committee Member Lubbock TX
(February 23-26)
Conference Symposium Management
2014 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 co-organizing a symposium
(proposal accepted) in ESA NCB Annual Meeting Proposed title Advancements and
Challenges in Western Corn Rootworm Management Des Moines IA (March 9-10
2014)
2013 Shrestha R B B K Gautam J Rijal and S Gautam 2013 Jointly organized and
moderated Member symposium on ldquoPromoting Entomological Collaboration through
Inter-societal Network and Information Sharingrdquo for the 61th
annual meeting of ESA
Austin TX (November 10-13) Tuesday November 12 2013 600 PM-1000 PM
2012 Shrestha R B and R R Pandey 2012 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoGlobal Collaboration for the Development of Next Generation IPM
Programrdquo for the 60th
annual meeting of ESA Knoxville TN (November 11-14)
Wednesday November 14 2012 800 AM-1200 PM
2010 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoMolecular and Other Novel Tools in Ecological Researchrdquo for the 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (December 12-15) Wednesday December 15
2010 115 PM-330 PM
Active Memberships in Professional and Honor Societies
Member of Entomological Society of America
Member of Ecological Society of America
Member of Society of Southwestern Entomologists
Member of High Plains Association of Crop Consultants
President of Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists
Member of the National Scholars Honor Society
Member of Golden Key International Honor Society TTU Chapter
Member of Honor Society of Agriculture Gamma Sigma Delta TTU Chapter
RB Shrestha Page 9
January 26 2014
9
Member of American Association for Advancement in Science
Founder Member of Nepalese Student Association Texas Tech University
Professional Development Trainings and Workshops
In addition to my formal academic courses I have learned various important skills through
thirteen professional development trainings and workshops The training includes grant
writing training computer programing (R and Python) Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
training Training of Trainers (TOT) and plant biotechnology training Immuno-marking and
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent (ELISA) training microsatellite DNA marker discovery
training teaching enhancement (Blackboard and WebCT) training laboratory safety (handling
radioactive materials pesticide application and shipment of hazardous materials) Compliance
training for conducting regulated Monsanto cotton field trial and training on cotton growth and
development monitoring using COTMAN software
I have also participated in short training courses in professional development such as time
management supervision project management problem solving conflict management scientific
methods information security awareness work place ethics creating discrimination free work
spaces and reporting fraud waste and abuse
Computational or Quantitative Skills and Experience
Through formal course work short training work experience and self-learning exercises I have
acquired computer skills on the application of 29 different computer software and programs
and used them in various research projects My computational skills include statistical data
analysis using SAS SPSS MATLAB SigmaPlot and ArcGIS online course preparation and
teaching using Blackboard and WebCT integrated reference management using EndNote
Medley and Reference Manager documentation database management and technical
communication using Microsoft Office Word Excel Access PowerPoint and Outlook
population genetics and phylogenetic data analysis using PAUP PHYLIP ARLEQUIN
STRUCTURE GenAlEx NTSYS PopGen MEGA AFLP SURV and TotalLab publishing and
graphic design using Adobe Photoshop Illustrator and Paint
RB Shrestha Page 10
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Publications and Presentations
1 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
(15 totals 150 times citied) web httpscholargooglecomcitationsuser=JphkwaMAAAAJamphl=en
11 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Potential cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton Journal of Insect Science
20(6)778-788
12 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J E Slosser and D G Bordovsky 2011 Effects of
skip-row planting pattern and planting date on dryland cotton insect pest abundance and
selected plant parameters Southwestern Entomologist 36 21-39
13 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of tillage and planting date on seasonal
abundance and diversity of predacious ground beetles in cotton Journal of Insect Science
10 (174) 1-16
14 Matis T I M N Parajulee J H Matis and R B Shrestha 2008 A mechanistic model
based analysis of cotton aphid population dynamics data Journal of Agriculture and
Forestry Ecology 10 355-362
15 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 86 57-81
16 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee O P Perera B E Scheffler and L D Densmore
2007 Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western tarnished plant bug Lygus
hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Molecular Ecology Notes 7 1342-1344
17 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Influence of tillage planting date
and Bt cultivar on seasonal abundance and within-plant distribution patterns of thrips and
cotton fleahoppers in cotton International Journal of Pest Management 52 249-260
18 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Dispersion patterns and fixed
precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera Thripidae)
and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera Miridae) in cotton Journal of Economic Entomology
99 568-577
19 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J F Leser D B Wester and C Blanco 2006
Evaluation of the functional response of selected cotton arthropod predators on bollworm
eggs in the laboratory and effect of temperature on their predation efficiency
Environmental Entomology 35 379-386
110 Chen F G Wu F Ge M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Effects of elevated
CO2 and transgenic Bt cotton on plant chemistry performance and feeding of an insect
herbivore the cotton bollworm Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115 341-350
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111 Dahal G R B Shrestha and R B Thapa 1997 Species composition and relative
abundance of rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp) in different altitude regions of
Nepal International Journal of Pest Management 43(1) 49-58
112 Dahal G A Druka T M Burns L C Villegas Z Fan R B Shrestha and R Hull
1996 Some biological and genomic properties of rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and
rice tungro spherical waika virus from Nepal Annals of Applied Biology 129 (2) 267-
287
113 Pokharel R R G Dahal and R B Shrestha 1994 Association of nematode
populations and virus-like symptoms in papaya Journal of Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science 15 107-113
114 Dahal G R B Shrestha N K Khatri Z Fan and R Hull 1993 Incidence of virus
diseases of rice in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal science 14 115-
116
115 Dahal G R R Pokharel and R B Shrestha 1992 A bibliographic database of plant
pathology in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 13 53-64
2 Papers Published in Refereed Proceedings (2 Total)
21 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Proceedings World Cotton Research
Conference (CD)
22 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review pp 154 -167
Proceeding of second National Conference of Science and Technology
3 Papers in preparation for submission in Journals (5 total)
31 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Survivorship of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field population on Bt corn hybrids revealed cross resistance between
Cry3Bb and mCry3A Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
32 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing eCry3A mCry3A
and eCrymCry3A stacked genes Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
33 Jakka S R K R B Shrestha and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb and
Cry3435Ab Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
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34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
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49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
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1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
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Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
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induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
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516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
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613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
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625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
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thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
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6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 5
January 26 2014
5
Peer Review Service for Entomology Journals
I have reviewed many scientific papers for following entomological journals
Journal of Insect Science
Journal of Economic Entomology
Environmental Entomology
Neotropical Entomology
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
Extension Experience in the USA
During my graduate programs (Master and PhD) from 2002 to 2011 I worked as graduate
research assistant in Texas AampM AgriLife Research and Extension Center Lubbock During this
period I got opportunity to interact closely with many extension specialists and research scientists
IPM and county agriculture extension agents growers crop consultants industry representatives
university professors and USDA scientists I have participated in many agricultural extension
activities Dr Jim Leser (Professor Extension Entomology in Texas AampM) was my masters
graduate advisory committee member I have closely worked with Dr David Kerns (Associate
Professor Extension Entomology in Texas AampM) in various collaborative extension projects
Below are the lists of some of my extension experience gained in Lubbock Texas
Participated in a Corn Rootworm Field day in Boon Iowa August 8 2013
Participated and given invited presentation in 3 crop consultant meetings in Texas
Participated and given invited talks in 4 plains cotton growers and cotton incorporated
annual meetings
Participated and given invited talk in 1 county extension agents refresher training
conferences
Participated in 5 field days and turn row meetings
Participated in 4 industries annual technology update meetings
Organized 4 insect expo insect zoo in science spectrum museum
Conducted many product evaluation field trials in growers field
Attended many commodity group (plains cotton growers advisory group) meetings
Given gt80 presentations for various audience in many meeting conferences
symposium workshops
Guided 3 group of international delegates and scientist visit or tours
Given 1 invited talk in research-extension interaction science conference
RB Shrestha Page 6
January 26 2014
6
Conducted many season-long insect pest sampling or scouting in various experimental
fields for many extension faculties collaborators
Conducted product evaluation field research in collaboration of various industries
Given 1 invited guest lectures for graduate and undergraduate classes in Texas Tech
University
Collaborated with many Extension specialists (Extension entomologists Irrigation
engineers Weed scientistAgronomist Pathologists Economists Plant breeders etc) on
various extension program and field research
Collaboration with many IPM agents county extension agents crop consultants USDA
scientists University professors and many graduate undergraduate students
Collaborated with many entomology faculties from various universities
Organized and moderated symposium in national and regional levels entomology
society meetings
Taught 3 graduate and undergraduate level entomology courses in university
Delivered entomology science and career demonstrations tour and presentations to
many groups of middle school students undergraduate students and upper bound
programrsquos students
Extension Experience in Nepal
I was a Crop Protection Extension Officer in the Department of Agriculture Nepal for 8 years
(1994-2002) I was the team leader of crop protection Extension programs in the district The goal
of my crop protection program was to disseminate modern crop protection technologies to
growers As a district IPM coordinator and crop protection officers I had managed district level
IPM program with the help of 15 junior field technicians and technical associates Examples of
extension activities conducted are as follows
Training and talks gt400 in-field training sessions at grower meetings
Field product evaluation and result demonstrations gt400 crop protection
demonstrations
Mass communications Conducted a radio talk program on rice blast disease and two
TV talk programs on pest management in mushroom cultivation in Nepal
Field days Organized four farmersrsquo field day
Farmersrsquo field schools Conducted three IPM farmersrsquo field schools in rice and cole
crops
Crop disease and insect pest diagnostic service
Pesticide regulation implementation Activity included pesticide registration resellers
training and pesticide inspection
Crop protection program planning monitoring and evaluation (regional and national)
RB Shrestha Page 7
January 26 2014
7
Postharvest loss management program such as grain storage improvement zero-energy
potato storage and cellar fruit storage
Training of junior agriculture technicians and progressive lead farmers
Distribution of posters leaflets booklets pamphlets and calendars
Crop protection training kits and subsidies distribution
Collaboration with research scientists in National Agriculture Research Council for
technology update and feedback on new crop protection technologies
Annual progress report publication (1995-2001)
Growers competition and award program
Collaborative Team Work Experiences
I have worked in close collaboration with several scientists and people from other national and
international laboratories and have published scientific papers coauthored with more than 30
people from different institutions
Leadership and Service to Professional Societies
Contributions to Professional Societies
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Austin TX (November 10-13)
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Graduate Student Ten-Minute Paper competition session
moderator Austin TX (November 10-13) P-IE Section
Monday November 11 2013 800 AM-1200 PM
2012-2013 President Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Knoxville TN (Nov 11-14)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium moderator Knoxville TN (November 11-14) P-IE
Section Environmental Entomology Symposium Tuesday November 13 2012 800
AM-1215 PM
2011-2012 Vice president Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2011 ESA Annual Meeting Student Oral Competition Judge Reno NV (November 13-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium Organizer and Moderator San Diego CA
(December 12-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer San Diego CA (December 12-16)
2009 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Stillwater OK (February 23-26)
2009 ESA-SWB Student Affairs Committee Member
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Indianapolis IN (December 12-16)
RB Shrestha Page 8
January 26 2014
8
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Indianapolis IN (December
12-16)
2008 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Reno NV (December 12-16)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Austin TX (February 28-March 2)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Austin TX (February
28-March 2)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Lubbock TX (February 23-26)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Affairs Committee Member Lubbock TX
(February 23-26)
Conference Symposium Management
2014 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 co-organizing a symposium
(proposal accepted) in ESA NCB Annual Meeting Proposed title Advancements and
Challenges in Western Corn Rootworm Management Des Moines IA (March 9-10
2014)
2013 Shrestha R B B K Gautam J Rijal and S Gautam 2013 Jointly organized and
moderated Member symposium on ldquoPromoting Entomological Collaboration through
Inter-societal Network and Information Sharingrdquo for the 61th
annual meeting of ESA
Austin TX (November 10-13) Tuesday November 12 2013 600 PM-1000 PM
2012 Shrestha R B and R R Pandey 2012 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoGlobal Collaboration for the Development of Next Generation IPM
Programrdquo for the 60th
annual meeting of ESA Knoxville TN (November 11-14)
Wednesday November 14 2012 800 AM-1200 PM
2010 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoMolecular and Other Novel Tools in Ecological Researchrdquo for the 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (December 12-15) Wednesday December 15
2010 115 PM-330 PM
Active Memberships in Professional and Honor Societies
Member of Entomological Society of America
Member of Ecological Society of America
Member of Society of Southwestern Entomologists
Member of High Plains Association of Crop Consultants
President of Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists
Member of the National Scholars Honor Society
Member of Golden Key International Honor Society TTU Chapter
Member of Honor Society of Agriculture Gamma Sigma Delta TTU Chapter
RB Shrestha Page 9
January 26 2014
9
Member of American Association for Advancement in Science
Founder Member of Nepalese Student Association Texas Tech University
Professional Development Trainings and Workshops
In addition to my formal academic courses I have learned various important skills through
thirteen professional development trainings and workshops The training includes grant
writing training computer programing (R and Python) Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
training Training of Trainers (TOT) and plant biotechnology training Immuno-marking and
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent (ELISA) training microsatellite DNA marker discovery
training teaching enhancement (Blackboard and WebCT) training laboratory safety (handling
radioactive materials pesticide application and shipment of hazardous materials) Compliance
training for conducting regulated Monsanto cotton field trial and training on cotton growth and
development monitoring using COTMAN software
I have also participated in short training courses in professional development such as time
management supervision project management problem solving conflict management scientific
methods information security awareness work place ethics creating discrimination free work
spaces and reporting fraud waste and abuse
Computational or Quantitative Skills and Experience
Through formal course work short training work experience and self-learning exercises I have
acquired computer skills on the application of 29 different computer software and programs
and used them in various research projects My computational skills include statistical data
analysis using SAS SPSS MATLAB SigmaPlot and ArcGIS online course preparation and
teaching using Blackboard and WebCT integrated reference management using EndNote
Medley and Reference Manager documentation database management and technical
communication using Microsoft Office Word Excel Access PowerPoint and Outlook
population genetics and phylogenetic data analysis using PAUP PHYLIP ARLEQUIN
STRUCTURE GenAlEx NTSYS PopGen MEGA AFLP SURV and TotalLab publishing and
graphic design using Adobe Photoshop Illustrator and Paint
RB Shrestha Page 10
January 26 2014
10
Publications and Presentations
1 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
(15 totals 150 times citied) web httpscholargooglecomcitationsuser=JphkwaMAAAAJamphl=en
11 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Potential cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton Journal of Insect Science
20(6)778-788
12 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J E Slosser and D G Bordovsky 2011 Effects of
skip-row planting pattern and planting date on dryland cotton insect pest abundance and
selected plant parameters Southwestern Entomologist 36 21-39
13 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of tillage and planting date on seasonal
abundance and diversity of predacious ground beetles in cotton Journal of Insect Science
10 (174) 1-16
14 Matis T I M N Parajulee J H Matis and R B Shrestha 2008 A mechanistic model
based analysis of cotton aphid population dynamics data Journal of Agriculture and
Forestry Ecology 10 355-362
15 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 86 57-81
16 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee O P Perera B E Scheffler and L D Densmore
2007 Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western tarnished plant bug Lygus
hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Molecular Ecology Notes 7 1342-1344
17 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Influence of tillage planting date
and Bt cultivar on seasonal abundance and within-plant distribution patterns of thrips and
cotton fleahoppers in cotton International Journal of Pest Management 52 249-260
18 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Dispersion patterns and fixed
precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera Thripidae)
and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera Miridae) in cotton Journal of Economic Entomology
99 568-577
19 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J F Leser D B Wester and C Blanco 2006
Evaluation of the functional response of selected cotton arthropod predators on bollworm
eggs in the laboratory and effect of temperature on their predation efficiency
Environmental Entomology 35 379-386
110 Chen F G Wu F Ge M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Effects of elevated
CO2 and transgenic Bt cotton on plant chemistry performance and feeding of an insect
herbivore the cotton bollworm Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115 341-350
RB Shrestha Page 11
January 26 2014
11
111 Dahal G R B Shrestha and R B Thapa 1997 Species composition and relative
abundance of rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp) in different altitude regions of
Nepal International Journal of Pest Management 43(1) 49-58
112 Dahal G A Druka T M Burns L C Villegas Z Fan R B Shrestha and R Hull
1996 Some biological and genomic properties of rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and
rice tungro spherical waika virus from Nepal Annals of Applied Biology 129 (2) 267-
287
113 Pokharel R R G Dahal and R B Shrestha 1994 Association of nematode
populations and virus-like symptoms in papaya Journal of Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science 15 107-113
114 Dahal G R B Shrestha N K Khatri Z Fan and R Hull 1993 Incidence of virus
diseases of rice in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal science 14 115-
116
115 Dahal G R R Pokharel and R B Shrestha 1992 A bibliographic database of plant
pathology in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 13 53-64
2 Papers Published in Refereed Proceedings (2 Total)
21 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Proceedings World Cotton Research
Conference (CD)
22 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review pp 154 -167
Proceeding of second National Conference of Science and Technology
3 Papers in preparation for submission in Journals (5 total)
31 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Survivorship of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field population on Bt corn hybrids revealed cross resistance between
Cry3Bb and mCry3A Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
32 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing eCry3A mCry3A
and eCrymCry3A stacked genes Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
33 Jakka S R K R B Shrestha and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb and
Cry3435Ab Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
RB Shrestha Page 12
January 26 2014
12
34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
RB Shrestha Page 13
January 26 2014
13
49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 6
January 26 2014
6
Conducted many season-long insect pest sampling or scouting in various experimental
fields for many extension faculties collaborators
Conducted product evaluation field research in collaboration of various industries
Given 1 invited guest lectures for graduate and undergraduate classes in Texas Tech
University
Collaborated with many Extension specialists (Extension entomologists Irrigation
engineers Weed scientistAgronomist Pathologists Economists Plant breeders etc) on
various extension program and field research
Collaboration with many IPM agents county extension agents crop consultants USDA
scientists University professors and many graduate undergraduate students
Collaborated with many entomology faculties from various universities
Organized and moderated symposium in national and regional levels entomology
society meetings
Taught 3 graduate and undergraduate level entomology courses in university
Delivered entomology science and career demonstrations tour and presentations to
many groups of middle school students undergraduate students and upper bound
programrsquos students
Extension Experience in Nepal
I was a Crop Protection Extension Officer in the Department of Agriculture Nepal for 8 years
(1994-2002) I was the team leader of crop protection Extension programs in the district The goal
of my crop protection program was to disseminate modern crop protection technologies to
growers As a district IPM coordinator and crop protection officers I had managed district level
IPM program with the help of 15 junior field technicians and technical associates Examples of
extension activities conducted are as follows
Training and talks gt400 in-field training sessions at grower meetings
Field product evaluation and result demonstrations gt400 crop protection
demonstrations
Mass communications Conducted a radio talk program on rice blast disease and two
TV talk programs on pest management in mushroom cultivation in Nepal
Field days Organized four farmersrsquo field day
Farmersrsquo field schools Conducted three IPM farmersrsquo field schools in rice and cole
crops
Crop disease and insect pest diagnostic service
Pesticide regulation implementation Activity included pesticide registration resellers
training and pesticide inspection
Crop protection program planning monitoring and evaluation (regional and national)
RB Shrestha Page 7
January 26 2014
7
Postharvest loss management program such as grain storage improvement zero-energy
potato storage and cellar fruit storage
Training of junior agriculture technicians and progressive lead farmers
Distribution of posters leaflets booklets pamphlets and calendars
Crop protection training kits and subsidies distribution
Collaboration with research scientists in National Agriculture Research Council for
technology update and feedback on new crop protection technologies
Annual progress report publication (1995-2001)
Growers competition and award program
Collaborative Team Work Experiences
I have worked in close collaboration with several scientists and people from other national and
international laboratories and have published scientific papers coauthored with more than 30
people from different institutions
Leadership and Service to Professional Societies
Contributions to Professional Societies
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Austin TX (November 10-13)
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Graduate Student Ten-Minute Paper competition session
moderator Austin TX (November 10-13) P-IE Section
Monday November 11 2013 800 AM-1200 PM
2012-2013 President Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Knoxville TN (Nov 11-14)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium moderator Knoxville TN (November 11-14) P-IE
Section Environmental Entomology Symposium Tuesday November 13 2012 800
AM-1215 PM
2011-2012 Vice president Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2011 ESA Annual Meeting Student Oral Competition Judge Reno NV (November 13-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium Organizer and Moderator San Diego CA
(December 12-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer San Diego CA (December 12-16)
2009 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Stillwater OK (February 23-26)
2009 ESA-SWB Student Affairs Committee Member
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Indianapolis IN (December 12-16)
RB Shrestha Page 8
January 26 2014
8
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Indianapolis IN (December
12-16)
2008 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Reno NV (December 12-16)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Austin TX (February 28-March 2)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Austin TX (February
28-March 2)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Lubbock TX (February 23-26)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Affairs Committee Member Lubbock TX
(February 23-26)
Conference Symposium Management
2014 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 co-organizing a symposium
(proposal accepted) in ESA NCB Annual Meeting Proposed title Advancements and
Challenges in Western Corn Rootworm Management Des Moines IA (March 9-10
2014)
2013 Shrestha R B B K Gautam J Rijal and S Gautam 2013 Jointly organized and
moderated Member symposium on ldquoPromoting Entomological Collaboration through
Inter-societal Network and Information Sharingrdquo for the 61th
annual meeting of ESA
Austin TX (November 10-13) Tuesday November 12 2013 600 PM-1000 PM
2012 Shrestha R B and R R Pandey 2012 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoGlobal Collaboration for the Development of Next Generation IPM
Programrdquo for the 60th
annual meeting of ESA Knoxville TN (November 11-14)
Wednesday November 14 2012 800 AM-1200 PM
2010 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoMolecular and Other Novel Tools in Ecological Researchrdquo for the 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (December 12-15) Wednesday December 15
2010 115 PM-330 PM
Active Memberships in Professional and Honor Societies
Member of Entomological Society of America
Member of Ecological Society of America
Member of Society of Southwestern Entomologists
Member of High Plains Association of Crop Consultants
President of Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists
Member of the National Scholars Honor Society
Member of Golden Key International Honor Society TTU Chapter
Member of Honor Society of Agriculture Gamma Sigma Delta TTU Chapter
RB Shrestha Page 9
January 26 2014
9
Member of American Association for Advancement in Science
Founder Member of Nepalese Student Association Texas Tech University
Professional Development Trainings and Workshops
In addition to my formal academic courses I have learned various important skills through
thirteen professional development trainings and workshops The training includes grant
writing training computer programing (R and Python) Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
training Training of Trainers (TOT) and plant biotechnology training Immuno-marking and
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent (ELISA) training microsatellite DNA marker discovery
training teaching enhancement (Blackboard and WebCT) training laboratory safety (handling
radioactive materials pesticide application and shipment of hazardous materials) Compliance
training for conducting regulated Monsanto cotton field trial and training on cotton growth and
development monitoring using COTMAN software
I have also participated in short training courses in professional development such as time
management supervision project management problem solving conflict management scientific
methods information security awareness work place ethics creating discrimination free work
spaces and reporting fraud waste and abuse
Computational or Quantitative Skills and Experience
Through formal course work short training work experience and self-learning exercises I have
acquired computer skills on the application of 29 different computer software and programs
and used them in various research projects My computational skills include statistical data
analysis using SAS SPSS MATLAB SigmaPlot and ArcGIS online course preparation and
teaching using Blackboard and WebCT integrated reference management using EndNote
Medley and Reference Manager documentation database management and technical
communication using Microsoft Office Word Excel Access PowerPoint and Outlook
population genetics and phylogenetic data analysis using PAUP PHYLIP ARLEQUIN
STRUCTURE GenAlEx NTSYS PopGen MEGA AFLP SURV and TotalLab publishing and
graphic design using Adobe Photoshop Illustrator and Paint
RB Shrestha Page 10
January 26 2014
10
Publications and Presentations
1 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
(15 totals 150 times citied) web httpscholargooglecomcitationsuser=JphkwaMAAAAJamphl=en
11 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Potential cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton Journal of Insect Science
20(6)778-788
12 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J E Slosser and D G Bordovsky 2011 Effects of
skip-row planting pattern and planting date on dryland cotton insect pest abundance and
selected plant parameters Southwestern Entomologist 36 21-39
13 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of tillage and planting date on seasonal
abundance and diversity of predacious ground beetles in cotton Journal of Insect Science
10 (174) 1-16
14 Matis T I M N Parajulee J H Matis and R B Shrestha 2008 A mechanistic model
based analysis of cotton aphid population dynamics data Journal of Agriculture and
Forestry Ecology 10 355-362
15 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 86 57-81
16 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee O P Perera B E Scheffler and L D Densmore
2007 Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western tarnished plant bug Lygus
hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Molecular Ecology Notes 7 1342-1344
17 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Influence of tillage planting date
and Bt cultivar on seasonal abundance and within-plant distribution patterns of thrips and
cotton fleahoppers in cotton International Journal of Pest Management 52 249-260
18 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Dispersion patterns and fixed
precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera Thripidae)
and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera Miridae) in cotton Journal of Economic Entomology
99 568-577
19 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J F Leser D B Wester and C Blanco 2006
Evaluation of the functional response of selected cotton arthropod predators on bollworm
eggs in the laboratory and effect of temperature on their predation efficiency
Environmental Entomology 35 379-386
110 Chen F G Wu F Ge M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Effects of elevated
CO2 and transgenic Bt cotton on plant chemistry performance and feeding of an insect
herbivore the cotton bollworm Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115 341-350
RB Shrestha Page 11
January 26 2014
11
111 Dahal G R B Shrestha and R B Thapa 1997 Species composition and relative
abundance of rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp) in different altitude regions of
Nepal International Journal of Pest Management 43(1) 49-58
112 Dahal G A Druka T M Burns L C Villegas Z Fan R B Shrestha and R Hull
1996 Some biological and genomic properties of rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and
rice tungro spherical waika virus from Nepal Annals of Applied Biology 129 (2) 267-
287
113 Pokharel R R G Dahal and R B Shrestha 1994 Association of nematode
populations and virus-like symptoms in papaya Journal of Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science 15 107-113
114 Dahal G R B Shrestha N K Khatri Z Fan and R Hull 1993 Incidence of virus
diseases of rice in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal science 14 115-
116
115 Dahal G R R Pokharel and R B Shrestha 1992 A bibliographic database of plant
pathology in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 13 53-64
2 Papers Published in Refereed Proceedings (2 Total)
21 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Proceedings World Cotton Research
Conference (CD)
22 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review pp 154 -167
Proceeding of second National Conference of Science and Technology
3 Papers in preparation for submission in Journals (5 total)
31 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Survivorship of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field population on Bt corn hybrids revealed cross resistance between
Cry3Bb and mCry3A Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
32 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing eCry3A mCry3A
and eCrymCry3A stacked genes Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
33 Jakka S R K R B Shrestha and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb and
Cry3435Ab Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
RB Shrestha Page 12
January 26 2014
12
34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
RB Shrestha Page 13
January 26 2014
13
49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 7
January 26 2014
7
Postharvest loss management program such as grain storage improvement zero-energy
potato storage and cellar fruit storage
Training of junior agriculture technicians and progressive lead farmers
Distribution of posters leaflets booklets pamphlets and calendars
Crop protection training kits and subsidies distribution
Collaboration with research scientists in National Agriculture Research Council for
technology update and feedback on new crop protection technologies
Annual progress report publication (1995-2001)
Growers competition and award program
Collaborative Team Work Experiences
I have worked in close collaboration with several scientists and people from other national and
international laboratories and have published scientific papers coauthored with more than 30
people from different institutions
Leadership and Service to Professional Societies
Contributions to Professional Societies
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Austin TX (November 10-13)
2013 ESA Annual Meeting Graduate Student Ten-Minute Paper competition session
moderator Austin TX (November 10-13) P-IE Section
Monday November 11 2013 800 AM-1200 PM
2012-2013 President Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Member Symposium organizer Knoxville TN (Nov 11-14)
2012 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium moderator Knoxville TN (November 11-14) P-IE
Section Environmental Entomology Symposium Tuesday November 13 2012 800
AM-1215 PM
2011-2012 Vice president Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists (SONE)
2011 ESA Annual Meeting Student Oral Competition Judge Reno NV (November 13-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Symposium Organizer and Moderator San Diego CA
(December 12-16)
2010 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer San Diego CA (December 12-16)
2009 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Stillwater OK (February 23-26)
2009 ESA-SWB Student Affairs Committee Member
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Indianapolis IN (December 12-16)
RB Shrestha Page 8
January 26 2014
8
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Indianapolis IN (December
12-16)
2008 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Reno NV (December 12-16)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Austin TX (February 28-March 2)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Austin TX (February
28-March 2)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Lubbock TX (February 23-26)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Affairs Committee Member Lubbock TX
(February 23-26)
Conference Symposium Management
2014 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 co-organizing a symposium
(proposal accepted) in ESA NCB Annual Meeting Proposed title Advancements and
Challenges in Western Corn Rootworm Management Des Moines IA (March 9-10
2014)
2013 Shrestha R B B K Gautam J Rijal and S Gautam 2013 Jointly organized and
moderated Member symposium on ldquoPromoting Entomological Collaboration through
Inter-societal Network and Information Sharingrdquo for the 61th
annual meeting of ESA
Austin TX (November 10-13) Tuesday November 12 2013 600 PM-1000 PM
2012 Shrestha R B and R R Pandey 2012 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoGlobal Collaboration for the Development of Next Generation IPM
Programrdquo for the 60th
annual meeting of ESA Knoxville TN (November 11-14)
Wednesday November 14 2012 800 AM-1200 PM
2010 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoMolecular and Other Novel Tools in Ecological Researchrdquo for the 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (December 12-15) Wednesday December 15
2010 115 PM-330 PM
Active Memberships in Professional and Honor Societies
Member of Entomological Society of America
Member of Ecological Society of America
Member of Society of Southwestern Entomologists
Member of High Plains Association of Crop Consultants
President of Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists
Member of the National Scholars Honor Society
Member of Golden Key International Honor Society TTU Chapter
Member of Honor Society of Agriculture Gamma Sigma Delta TTU Chapter
RB Shrestha Page 9
January 26 2014
9
Member of American Association for Advancement in Science
Founder Member of Nepalese Student Association Texas Tech University
Professional Development Trainings and Workshops
In addition to my formal academic courses I have learned various important skills through
thirteen professional development trainings and workshops The training includes grant
writing training computer programing (R and Python) Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
training Training of Trainers (TOT) and plant biotechnology training Immuno-marking and
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent (ELISA) training microsatellite DNA marker discovery
training teaching enhancement (Blackboard and WebCT) training laboratory safety (handling
radioactive materials pesticide application and shipment of hazardous materials) Compliance
training for conducting regulated Monsanto cotton field trial and training on cotton growth and
development monitoring using COTMAN software
I have also participated in short training courses in professional development such as time
management supervision project management problem solving conflict management scientific
methods information security awareness work place ethics creating discrimination free work
spaces and reporting fraud waste and abuse
Computational or Quantitative Skills and Experience
Through formal course work short training work experience and self-learning exercises I have
acquired computer skills on the application of 29 different computer software and programs
and used them in various research projects My computational skills include statistical data
analysis using SAS SPSS MATLAB SigmaPlot and ArcGIS online course preparation and
teaching using Blackboard and WebCT integrated reference management using EndNote
Medley and Reference Manager documentation database management and technical
communication using Microsoft Office Word Excel Access PowerPoint and Outlook
population genetics and phylogenetic data analysis using PAUP PHYLIP ARLEQUIN
STRUCTURE GenAlEx NTSYS PopGen MEGA AFLP SURV and TotalLab publishing and
graphic design using Adobe Photoshop Illustrator and Paint
RB Shrestha Page 10
January 26 2014
10
Publications and Presentations
1 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
(15 totals 150 times citied) web httpscholargooglecomcitationsuser=JphkwaMAAAAJamphl=en
11 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Potential cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton Journal of Insect Science
20(6)778-788
12 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J E Slosser and D G Bordovsky 2011 Effects of
skip-row planting pattern and planting date on dryland cotton insect pest abundance and
selected plant parameters Southwestern Entomologist 36 21-39
13 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of tillage and planting date on seasonal
abundance and diversity of predacious ground beetles in cotton Journal of Insect Science
10 (174) 1-16
14 Matis T I M N Parajulee J H Matis and R B Shrestha 2008 A mechanistic model
based analysis of cotton aphid population dynamics data Journal of Agriculture and
Forestry Ecology 10 355-362
15 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 86 57-81
16 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee O P Perera B E Scheffler and L D Densmore
2007 Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western tarnished plant bug Lygus
hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Molecular Ecology Notes 7 1342-1344
17 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Influence of tillage planting date
and Bt cultivar on seasonal abundance and within-plant distribution patterns of thrips and
cotton fleahoppers in cotton International Journal of Pest Management 52 249-260
18 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Dispersion patterns and fixed
precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera Thripidae)
and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera Miridae) in cotton Journal of Economic Entomology
99 568-577
19 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J F Leser D B Wester and C Blanco 2006
Evaluation of the functional response of selected cotton arthropod predators on bollworm
eggs in the laboratory and effect of temperature on their predation efficiency
Environmental Entomology 35 379-386
110 Chen F G Wu F Ge M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Effects of elevated
CO2 and transgenic Bt cotton on plant chemistry performance and feeding of an insect
herbivore the cotton bollworm Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115 341-350
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111 Dahal G R B Shrestha and R B Thapa 1997 Species composition and relative
abundance of rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp) in different altitude regions of
Nepal International Journal of Pest Management 43(1) 49-58
112 Dahal G A Druka T M Burns L C Villegas Z Fan R B Shrestha and R Hull
1996 Some biological and genomic properties of rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and
rice tungro spherical waika virus from Nepal Annals of Applied Biology 129 (2) 267-
287
113 Pokharel R R G Dahal and R B Shrestha 1994 Association of nematode
populations and virus-like symptoms in papaya Journal of Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science 15 107-113
114 Dahal G R B Shrestha N K Khatri Z Fan and R Hull 1993 Incidence of virus
diseases of rice in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal science 14 115-
116
115 Dahal G R R Pokharel and R B Shrestha 1992 A bibliographic database of plant
pathology in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 13 53-64
2 Papers Published in Refereed Proceedings (2 Total)
21 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Proceedings World Cotton Research
Conference (CD)
22 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review pp 154 -167
Proceeding of second National Conference of Science and Technology
3 Papers in preparation for submission in Journals (5 total)
31 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Survivorship of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field population on Bt corn hybrids revealed cross resistance between
Cry3Bb and mCry3A Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
32 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing eCry3A mCry3A
and eCrymCry3A stacked genes Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
33 Jakka S R K R B Shrestha and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb and
Cry3435Ab Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
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34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
RB Shrestha Page 13
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49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
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1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
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Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
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16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
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516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
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18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
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19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
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20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
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21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 8
January 26 2014
8
2009 ESA Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Indianapolis IN (December
12-16)
2008 ESA Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Reno NV (December 12-16)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Austin TX (February 28-March 2)
2006 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Poster Competition Judge Austin TX (February
28-March 2)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Volunteer Lubbock TX (February 23-26)
2004 ESA-SWB Annual Meeting Student Affairs Committee Member Lubbock TX
(February 23-26)
Conference Symposium Management
2014 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 co-organizing a symposium
(proposal accepted) in ESA NCB Annual Meeting Proposed title Advancements and
Challenges in Western Corn Rootworm Management Des Moines IA (March 9-10
2014)
2013 Shrestha R B B K Gautam J Rijal and S Gautam 2013 Jointly organized and
moderated Member symposium on ldquoPromoting Entomological Collaboration through
Inter-societal Network and Information Sharingrdquo for the 61th
annual meeting of ESA
Austin TX (November 10-13) Tuesday November 12 2013 600 PM-1000 PM
2012 Shrestha R B and R R Pandey 2012 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoGlobal Collaboration for the Development of Next Generation IPM
Programrdquo for the 60th
annual meeting of ESA Knoxville TN (November 11-14)
Wednesday November 14 2012 800 AM-1200 PM
2010 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Jointly organized and moderated Member
symposium on ldquoMolecular and Other Novel Tools in Ecological Researchrdquo for the 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (December 12-15) Wednesday December 15
2010 115 PM-330 PM
Active Memberships in Professional and Honor Societies
Member of Entomological Society of America
Member of Ecological Society of America
Member of Society of Southwestern Entomologists
Member of High Plains Association of Crop Consultants
President of Society of Overseas Nepalese Entomologists
Member of the National Scholars Honor Society
Member of Golden Key International Honor Society TTU Chapter
Member of Honor Society of Agriculture Gamma Sigma Delta TTU Chapter
RB Shrestha Page 9
January 26 2014
9
Member of American Association for Advancement in Science
Founder Member of Nepalese Student Association Texas Tech University
Professional Development Trainings and Workshops
In addition to my formal academic courses I have learned various important skills through
thirteen professional development trainings and workshops The training includes grant
writing training computer programing (R and Python) Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
training Training of Trainers (TOT) and plant biotechnology training Immuno-marking and
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent (ELISA) training microsatellite DNA marker discovery
training teaching enhancement (Blackboard and WebCT) training laboratory safety (handling
radioactive materials pesticide application and shipment of hazardous materials) Compliance
training for conducting regulated Monsanto cotton field trial and training on cotton growth and
development monitoring using COTMAN software
I have also participated in short training courses in professional development such as time
management supervision project management problem solving conflict management scientific
methods information security awareness work place ethics creating discrimination free work
spaces and reporting fraud waste and abuse
Computational or Quantitative Skills and Experience
Through formal course work short training work experience and self-learning exercises I have
acquired computer skills on the application of 29 different computer software and programs
and used them in various research projects My computational skills include statistical data
analysis using SAS SPSS MATLAB SigmaPlot and ArcGIS online course preparation and
teaching using Blackboard and WebCT integrated reference management using EndNote
Medley and Reference Manager documentation database management and technical
communication using Microsoft Office Word Excel Access PowerPoint and Outlook
population genetics and phylogenetic data analysis using PAUP PHYLIP ARLEQUIN
STRUCTURE GenAlEx NTSYS PopGen MEGA AFLP SURV and TotalLab publishing and
graphic design using Adobe Photoshop Illustrator and Paint
RB Shrestha Page 10
January 26 2014
10
Publications and Presentations
1 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
(15 totals 150 times citied) web httpscholargooglecomcitationsuser=JphkwaMAAAAJamphl=en
11 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Potential cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton Journal of Insect Science
20(6)778-788
12 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J E Slosser and D G Bordovsky 2011 Effects of
skip-row planting pattern and planting date on dryland cotton insect pest abundance and
selected plant parameters Southwestern Entomologist 36 21-39
13 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of tillage and planting date on seasonal
abundance and diversity of predacious ground beetles in cotton Journal of Insect Science
10 (174) 1-16
14 Matis T I M N Parajulee J H Matis and R B Shrestha 2008 A mechanistic model
based analysis of cotton aphid population dynamics data Journal of Agriculture and
Forestry Ecology 10 355-362
15 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 86 57-81
16 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee O P Perera B E Scheffler and L D Densmore
2007 Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western tarnished plant bug Lygus
hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Molecular Ecology Notes 7 1342-1344
17 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Influence of tillage planting date
and Bt cultivar on seasonal abundance and within-plant distribution patterns of thrips and
cotton fleahoppers in cotton International Journal of Pest Management 52 249-260
18 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Dispersion patterns and fixed
precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera Thripidae)
and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera Miridae) in cotton Journal of Economic Entomology
99 568-577
19 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J F Leser D B Wester and C Blanco 2006
Evaluation of the functional response of selected cotton arthropod predators on bollworm
eggs in the laboratory and effect of temperature on their predation efficiency
Environmental Entomology 35 379-386
110 Chen F G Wu F Ge M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Effects of elevated
CO2 and transgenic Bt cotton on plant chemistry performance and feeding of an insect
herbivore the cotton bollworm Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115 341-350
RB Shrestha Page 11
January 26 2014
11
111 Dahal G R B Shrestha and R B Thapa 1997 Species composition and relative
abundance of rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp) in different altitude regions of
Nepal International Journal of Pest Management 43(1) 49-58
112 Dahal G A Druka T M Burns L C Villegas Z Fan R B Shrestha and R Hull
1996 Some biological and genomic properties of rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and
rice tungro spherical waika virus from Nepal Annals of Applied Biology 129 (2) 267-
287
113 Pokharel R R G Dahal and R B Shrestha 1994 Association of nematode
populations and virus-like symptoms in papaya Journal of Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science 15 107-113
114 Dahal G R B Shrestha N K Khatri Z Fan and R Hull 1993 Incidence of virus
diseases of rice in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal science 14 115-
116
115 Dahal G R R Pokharel and R B Shrestha 1992 A bibliographic database of plant
pathology in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 13 53-64
2 Papers Published in Refereed Proceedings (2 Total)
21 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Proceedings World Cotton Research
Conference (CD)
22 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review pp 154 -167
Proceeding of second National Conference of Science and Technology
3 Papers in preparation for submission in Journals (5 total)
31 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Survivorship of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field population on Bt corn hybrids revealed cross resistance between
Cry3Bb and mCry3A Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
32 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing eCry3A mCry3A
and eCrymCry3A stacked genes Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
33 Jakka S R K R B Shrestha and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb and
Cry3435Ab Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
RB Shrestha Page 12
January 26 2014
12
34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
RB Shrestha Page 13
January 26 2014
13
49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 9
January 26 2014
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Member of American Association for Advancement in Science
Founder Member of Nepalese Student Association Texas Tech University
Professional Development Trainings and Workshops
In addition to my formal academic courses I have learned various important skills through
thirteen professional development trainings and workshops The training includes grant
writing training computer programing (R and Python) Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
training Training of Trainers (TOT) and plant biotechnology training Immuno-marking and
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent (ELISA) training microsatellite DNA marker discovery
training teaching enhancement (Blackboard and WebCT) training laboratory safety (handling
radioactive materials pesticide application and shipment of hazardous materials) Compliance
training for conducting regulated Monsanto cotton field trial and training on cotton growth and
development monitoring using COTMAN software
I have also participated in short training courses in professional development such as time
management supervision project management problem solving conflict management scientific
methods information security awareness work place ethics creating discrimination free work
spaces and reporting fraud waste and abuse
Computational or Quantitative Skills and Experience
Through formal course work short training work experience and self-learning exercises I have
acquired computer skills on the application of 29 different computer software and programs
and used them in various research projects My computational skills include statistical data
analysis using SAS SPSS MATLAB SigmaPlot and ArcGIS online course preparation and
teaching using Blackboard and WebCT integrated reference management using EndNote
Medley and Reference Manager documentation database management and technical
communication using Microsoft Office Word Excel Access PowerPoint and Outlook
population genetics and phylogenetic data analysis using PAUP PHYLIP ARLEQUIN
STRUCTURE GenAlEx NTSYS PopGen MEGA AFLP SURV and TotalLab publishing and
graphic design using Adobe Photoshop Illustrator and Paint
RB Shrestha Page 10
January 26 2014
10
Publications and Presentations
1 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
(15 totals 150 times citied) web httpscholargooglecomcitationsuser=JphkwaMAAAAJamphl=en
11 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Potential cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton Journal of Insect Science
20(6)778-788
12 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J E Slosser and D G Bordovsky 2011 Effects of
skip-row planting pattern and planting date on dryland cotton insect pest abundance and
selected plant parameters Southwestern Entomologist 36 21-39
13 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of tillage and planting date on seasonal
abundance and diversity of predacious ground beetles in cotton Journal of Insect Science
10 (174) 1-16
14 Matis T I M N Parajulee J H Matis and R B Shrestha 2008 A mechanistic model
based analysis of cotton aphid population dynamics data Journal of Agriculture and
Forestry Ecology 10 355-362
15 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 86 57-81
16 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee O P Perera B E Scheffler and L D Densmore
2007 Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western tarnished plant bug Lygus
hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Molecular Ecology Notes 7 1342-1344
17 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Influence of tillage planting date
and Bt cultivar on seasonal abundance and within-plant distribution patterns of thrips and
cotton fleahoppers in cotton International Journal of Pest Management 52 249-260
18 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Dispersion patterns and fixed
precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera Thripidae)
and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera Miridae) in cotton Journal of Economic Entomology
99 568-577
19 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J F Leser D B Wester and C Blanco 2006
Evaluation of the functional response of selected cotton arthropod predators on bollworm
eggs in the laboratory and effect of temperature on their predation efficiency
Environmental Entomology 35 379-386
110 Chen F G Wu F Ge M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Effects of elevated
CO2 and transgenic Bt cotton on plant chemistry performance and feeding of an insect
herbivore the cotton bollworm Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115 341-350
RB Shrestha Page 11
January 26 2014
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111 Dahal G R B Shrestha and R B Thapa 1997 Species composition and relative
abundance of rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp) in different altitude regions of
Nepal International Journal of Pest Management 43(1) 49-58
112 Dahal G A Druka T M Burns L C Villegas Z Fan R B Shrestha and R Hull
1996 Some biological and genomic properties of rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and
rice tungro spherical waika virus from Nepal Annals of Applied Biology 129 (2) 267-
287
113 Pokharel R R G Dahal and R B Shrestha 1994 Association of nematode
populations and virus-like symptoms in papaya Journal of Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science 15 107-113
114 Dahal G R B Shrestha N K Khatri Z Fan and R Hull 1993 Incidence of virus
diseases of rice in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal science 14 115-
116
115 Dahal G R R Pokharel and R B Shrestha 1992 A bibliographic database of plant
pathology in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 13 53-64
2 Papers Published in Refereed Proceedings (2 Total)
21 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Proceedings World Cotton Research
Conference (CD)
22 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review pp 154 -167
Proceeding of second National Conference of Science and Technology
3 Papers in preparation for submission in Journals (5 total)
31 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Survivorship of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field population on Bt corn hybrids revealed cross resistance between
Cry3Bb and mCry3A Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
32 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing eCry3A mCry3A
and eCrymCry3A stacked genes Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
33 Jakka S R K R B Shrestha and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb and
Cry3435Ab Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
RB Shrestha Page 12
January 26 2014
12
34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
RB Shrestha Page 13
January 26 2014
13
49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
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613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 10
January 26 2014
10
Publications and Presentations
1 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
(15 totals 150 times citied) web httpscholargooglecomcitationsuser=JphkwaMAAAAJamphl=en
11 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Potential cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton Journal of Insect Science
20(6)778-788
12 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J E Slosser and D G Bordovsky 2011 Effects of
skip-row planting pattern and planting date on dryland cotton insect pest abundance and
selected plant parameters Southwestern Entomologist 36 21-39
13 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of tillage and planting date on seasonal
abundance and diversity of predacious ground beetles in cotton Journal of Insect Science
10 (174) 1-16
14 Matis T I M N Parajulee J H Matis and R B Shrestha 2008 A mechanistic model
based analysis of cotton aphid population dynamics data Journal of Agriculture and
Forestry Ecology 10 355-362
15 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 86 57-81
16 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee O P Perera B E Scheffler and L D Densmore
2007 Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western tarnished plant bug Lygus
hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Molecular Ecology Notes 7 1342-1344
17 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Influence of tillage planting date
and Bt cultivar on seasonal abundance and within-plant distribution patterns of thrips and
cotton fleahoppers in cotton International Journal of Pest Management 52 249-260
18 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and J F Leser 2006 Dispersion patterns and fixed
precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera Thripidae)
and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera Miridae) in cotton Journal of Economic Entomology
99 568-577
19 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha J F Leser D B Wester and C Blanco 2006
Evaluation of the functional response of selected cotton arthropod predators on bollworm
eggs in the laboratory and effect of temperature on their predation efficiency
Environmental Entomology 35 379-386
110 Chen F G Wu F Ge M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Effects of elevated
CO2 and transgenic Bt cotton on plant chemistry performance and feeding of an insect
herbivore the cotton bollworm Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115 341-350
RB Shrestha Page 11
January 26 2014
11
111 Dahal G R B Shrestha and R B Thapa 1997 Species composition and relative
abundance of rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp) in different altitude regions of
Nepal International Journal of Pest Management 43(1) 49-58
112 Dahal G A Druka T M Burns L C Villegas Z Fan R B Shrestha and R Hull
1996 Some biological and genomic properties of rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and
rice tungro spherical waika virus from Nepal Annals of Applied Biology 129 (2) 267-
287
113 Pokharel R R G Dahal and R B Shrestha 1994 Association of nematode
populations and virus-like symptoms in papaya Journal of Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science 15 107-113
114 Dahal G R B Shrestha N K Khatri Z Fan and R Hull 1993 Incidence of virus
diseases of rice in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal science 14 115-
116
115 Dahal G R R Pokharel and R B Shrestha 1992 A bibliographic database of plant
pathology in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 13 53-64
2 Papers Published in Refereed Proceedings (2 Total)
21 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Proceedings World Cotton Research
Conference (CD)
22 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review pp 154 -167
Proceeding of second National Conference of Science and Technology
3 Papers in preparation for submission in Journals (5 total)
31 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Survivorship of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field population on Bt corn hybrids revealed cross resistance between
Cry3Bb and mCry3A Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
32 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing eCry3A mCry3A
and eCrymCry3A stacked genes Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
33 Jakka S R K R B Shrestha and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb and
Cry3435Ab Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
RB Shrestha Page 12
January 26 2014
12
34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
RB Shrestha Page 13
January 26 2014
13
49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
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30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
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31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 11
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11
111 Dahal G R B Shrestha and R B Thapa 1997 Species composition and relative
abundance of rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp) in different altitude regions of
Nepal International Journal of Pest Management 43(1) 49-58
112 Dahal G A Druka T M Burns L C Villegas Z Fan R B Shrestha and R Hull
1996 Some biological and genomic properties of rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and
rice tungro spherical waika virus from Nepal Annals of Applied Biology 129 (2) 267-
287
113 Pokharel R R G Dahal and R B Shrestha 1994 Association of nematode
populations and virus-like symptoms in papaya Journal of Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science 15 107-113
114 Dahal G R B Shrestha N K Khatri Z Fan and R Hull 1993 Incidence of virus
diseases of rice in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal science 14 115-
116
115 Dahal G R R Pokharel and R B Shrestha 1992 A bibliographic database of plant
pathology in Nepal Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 13 53-64
2 Papers Published in Refereed Proceedings (2 Total)
21 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) Proceedings World Cotton Research
Conference (CD)
22 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review pp 154 -167
Proceeding of second National Conference of Science and Technology
3 Papers in preparation for submission in Journals (5 total)
31 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Survivorship of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field population on Bt corn hybrids revealed cross resistance between
Cry3Bb and mCry3A Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
32 Shrestha R B S R K Jakka and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing eCry3A mCry3A
and eCrymCry3A stacked genes Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
33 Jakka S R K R B Shrestha and A J Gassmann 2014 Evaluation of Western Corn
Rootworm problem field populations against corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb and
Cry3435Ab Journal of Economic Entomology (In preparation)
RB Shrestha Page 12
January 26 2014
12
34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
RB Shrestha Page 13
January 26 2014
13
49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
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31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 12
January 26 2014
12
34 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll J K Dever M D Arnold and J R
Hagler 2014 Characterization of the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus hesperus
between cotton and alfalfa Environmental Entomology (In preparation)
35 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee L Densmore and M San Francisco 2014
Microsatellite marker based genetic diversity of Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains
Journal of Insect Science (In preparation)
4 Papers Published in Non-Refereed Proceedings (35 Total)
41 R B Shrestha M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
42 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
43 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides
for western flower thrips management in seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
44 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
45 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
46 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
47 M N Parajulee Shrestha R B W O McSpadden and SC Carroll 2011
Development of metapopulation approach for landscape-level Lygus Hesperus
management in Texas pp 220 In Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-5
Nov7-11 2011 Mumbai India
48 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2011 Evaluation
of varietal differences in COTMAN compensation capacity values in high-input cotton
subjected to varying levels of Lygus-induced fruit damage pp 825-829 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
RB Shrestha Page 13
January 26 2014
13
49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 13
January 26 2014
13
49 Parajulee M N M B Adhikari D L Kerns R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2011
Insecticide termination rule for western tarnished plant bug in the Texas High Plains pp
1204-1208 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
410 Parajulee M N D Neupane R B Shrestha Y Yang and L T Wilson 2011 Effect
of cotton fleahopper density on pre-flower fruit loss and plant biomass in cotton pp 1095-
1099 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
411 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on Lygus hesperus abundance in adjacent cotton field A field marking study pp
853-858 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
412 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1180-88 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
413 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton pp 1155-1162 Proceedings Beltwide
Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
414 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton pp 1163-1169 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
415 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults versus nymphs pp 849-852 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
416 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa pp 873-881
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
417 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions pp 1159-1162 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
418 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris pp 1118-1129
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
419 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip irrigated cotton pp 1251-
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 14
January 26 2014
14
1256 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis
TN
420 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus bugs from
Texas pp 1693-1699 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
421 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains pp 1700-1703
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
422 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus pp 1443-1446 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
423 Albeldantildeo W A J E Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity pp 1495-1497 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
424 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton pp 1767-1773 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
425 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll P L Bommireddy A M Cranmer and
K F Bronson 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen Potential of site-
specific management of cotton aphids pp 1735-1742 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
426 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton pp 1779-1783 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
427 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory pp 1652-1659
Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
428 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii p 387
Proceedings 15th
International Plant Protection Congress Foreign Language Press
Beijing China
429 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research pp 1918-1922 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
430 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and fleahoppers in Texas High
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 15
January 26 2014
15
Plains cotton pp 1375-1380 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton
Council Memphis TN
431 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains pp 970-973 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council
Memphis TN
432 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetle in the laboratory pp 1060-1063 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton
Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
433 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in Texas High Plains pp 1370-1371 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
434 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed pp 1537-1539 Proceedings
Beltwide Cotton Conferences National Cotton Council Memphis TN
435 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton pp 1372-1374 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences
National Cotton Council Memphis TN
5 Published Scientific Reports (23 Total)
51 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha J P Bordovsky 2012 Effect of nitrogen
fertilizer on cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod activity Helms TX
2012
52 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S Carroll and Wayne Keeling 2012 Cotton yield
response to late-season Lygus plant bug infestations as influenced by cultivar x irrigation
level treatments Lamesa TX 2012
53 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2012 Characterization of Cotton Crop
Response to Thrips Injury for Improved Thrips Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project Number 12-364
54 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S Carroll 2012 Development of Economic
Threshold and Management Recommendations for Lygus in Texas High Plains Cotton
2012 Annual Report (Year 1) Cotton IncorporatedTexas State Support Program Project
Number 12-112TX
55 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluating varietal
difference in COTMAN compensation capacity value in drip irrigated cotton using Lygus-
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 16
January 26 2014
16
induced fruit damage 2011 Final report Cotton Incorporated Core Program Project
Number 09-596 pp 1-16
56 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha AM Cranmer and J P Bordovsky 2011
Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods and lint yield
under drip irrigation (field 6h) 2011 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p19
57 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden S Carroll 2011 Evaluation of
westerntarnished plant bug as a late season pest of cotton 2011 Final report Cotton
IncorporatedState Support Program Project Number 08-305TX pp 1-18
58 Parajulee M N O McSpadden R B Shrestha S Carroll and W Keeling 2011
Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as influenced by
variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2011 Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 30-31
59 Parajulee M N B Kesey O McSpadden S Carroll R B Shrestha and W Keeling
2010 Effect of cover crop on arthropod population dynamics in subsurface drip irrigated
cotton at AG-CARES Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research
and Extension Systems Annual Report pp45-46
510 Parajulee M N O McSpadden D Neupane R B Shrestha S Carroll and W
Keeling 2010 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after Lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2010 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 47-48
511 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha O McSpadden A Bastola D Neupane S Carroll and
W Keeling 2009 Cotton fruitingyield compensation after lygus induced square loss as
influenced by variety x water treatments Lamesa TX 2009 Agricultural Complex for
Advanced Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 46-47
512 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R BShrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2009 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods
and lint yield under drip irrigation 2009 Helms Research Farm Annual Report p18
513 Parajulee M N A Bastola R B Shrestha and W Keeling 2009 Evaluation of cotton
boll susceptibility to Lygus bugs as influenced by cultivar x irrigation interaction
AGCARES Lamesa TX 2009Agricultural Complex for Advanced Research and
Extension Systems Annual Report pp 48-49
514 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2004 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods in drip
irrigation system Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 25
515 Parajulee M N J F Leser R B Shrestha A K Barman and R K Boman 2004
Evaluating the merits of sub-threshold effects of the Bollgard technology on the
economics of bollworm management Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 14
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 17
January 26 2014
17
516 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2004 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on Lygus populations
Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 13
517 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 42-45
518 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky
2003 Influence of soil nitrogen level on seasonal activity of cotton arthropods with drip
irrigation systems Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 23
519 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll D M Nesmith and J P Bordovsky 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and
planting date on arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 12
520 Parajulee M N P L Bommireddy D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2002 Influence of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Western Peanut Growers Research Farm Annual Report
521 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll M D Arnold A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2002 Cotton insect pests and natural enemies in conventional and
conservation tillage systems at AG-CARES Lamesa Agricultural Complex for Advanced
Research and Extension Systems Annual Report pp 32-41
522 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll and J P Bordovsky 2002 Influence of
three irrigation methods (LEPA Overhead Spray and Drip) on seasonal activity of cotton
arthropods Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 11
523 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2002 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
arthropod populations Helms Research Farm Annual Report p 10
6 Oral Presentations (55 Total)
61 International meetings invited symposium talks (total 9)
611 Parajulee MN D Zhaoke F Ge and R B Shrestha 2012 Climate Change and Pest
Management Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Existing Pests as Result of Climate
Change and Possible Modifications in Management Strategies Invited keynote talk in
International Symposium on Food Security Dilemma Plant Health and Climate Change
Issues FTC (Lake Hall) Kalyani West Bengal India (7-9 December)
612 Shrestha R B and S C Carroll and M N Parajulee Development of Lygus
management strategies for Texas cotton 3rd
International Lygus Symposium Scottsdale
Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 18
January 26 2014
18
613 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha and S C Carroll Cotton plant response to selected
Lygus infestation levels in the Texas High Plains 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona the USA (28-31 October )
614 R B Shrestha and Parajulee M N 2012 Influence of transgenic Bt-cotton on
predacious arthropod assemblage and their impact on non-target pest suppression in
Texas 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
615 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha2012 Landscape-level cultural control as an arthropod
pest management approach in Texas High Plains cotton agro-ecosystems 24th
International Congress of Entomology Daegu Korea (Aug 19-25)
616 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha A K Barman and S C Carroll 2008 Ecologically
intensive pest management in cotton agro-ecosystems Lygus hesperus as a model system
Fourth International Conference of Plant Protection Institute Dokki-Giza Egypt (Nov 9-
12) (Keynote Speech)
617 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and M J Grimson 2007 SEM ultrastructure study of
Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera Miridae) World Cotton Research Conference
Lubbock TX USA (Sept 10-14)
618 Parajulee M N S C Carroll M D Arnold R B Shrestha A M Cranmer and P L
Bommireddy 2005 Species composition and host-plant sequence of Lygus bugs in the
Texas High Plains International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Lygus Plant
Bugs Ottawa Canada (Jan 30-Feb 3)
619 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Biological control of cotton aphids Aphis
gossypii in cotton Effectiveness of Hippodamia convergens and Chrysoperla carnea
The 22nd
International Congress of Entomology Brisbane Australia (Aug 15-21)
62 National meetings invited symposium talks (total 13)
621 Shrestha R B 2012 Past present and future of integrated pest management programs
in developed and developing countries Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration
for the Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA
November 11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
622 Yubak G C R B Shrestha and J P Rijal 2012 Experiences from community based
IPM program in Nepal Invited symposium talk at Global Collaboration for the
Development of Next Generation IPM Program 60th Annual Meeting of ESA November
11-14 2012 in Knoxville TN
623 R B Shrestha and MN Parajulee 2012 Lygus management in the Texas High Plains
High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 5-7)
624 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Immunological assays in
ecological studies Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 19
January 26 2014
19
625 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2010 Quantifying the economic damage potential
of plant bugs in Texas High Plains cotton and developing management recommendations
Presented in 10th
CERIICRC Annual Research and Outreach Symposium at International
Cultural Center Lubbock TX (Apr 6)
626 Parajulee M N W O McSpadden R B Shrestha D L Kerns P C Ellsworth P B
Goodell and S C Carroll 2010 Landscape impacts on Lygus management in West
Texas Presented in 58th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
627 Shrestha R B 2010 Relationships between IMP and molecular biology Invited guest
lecture for Entomology graduate class at Department of Plant and Soil Science Lubbock
TX (Fall 2010)
628 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2009 Challenges and Opportunities in
Identification of Lygus Species from Texas Presented in Entomology Science Conference
Texas AampM University College Station TX (Nov 2-4) (Oral Presentation)
629 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Immunological assays in ecological studies
Movement behavior of Lygus bugs in cotton Presented in 56th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6210 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2008 Overview of molecular research programs in
cotton entomology laboratory at the Lubbock Texas Presented in 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6211 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha D L Kerns and S C Carroll 2008
Boll susceptibility threshold for Lygus hesperus When is the boll safe Entomology
Science Conference College Station TX (Nov 5-7)
6212 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains High Plains Association of Crop Consultants meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
6213 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
seasonal activity in cotton as affected by pigweed High Plains Association of Crop
Consultants annual meeting Lubbock TX (Mar 4-5)
63 National meetings submitted talks (total 33)
631 Shrestha R B and A J Gassmann 2013 Problems and prospects for management of
western corn rootworm in Annual meeting of ESA Austin TX (November 10-13)
632 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Characterization of boll damage
potential of Lygus hesperus and its relevance in pest management in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
633 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2013 Challenges and opportunities in
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 20
January 26 2014
20
thrips management in Texas High Plains cotton in 61st annual meeting of the
Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
634 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Genetic population structure of
Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA
(Jan 4-7)
635 Shrestha R B M J D San Francisco L D Densmore R E Strauss A S Holaday
M D Burrow and M N Parajulee 2010 Determining population genetic structure of
Lygus hesperus from Texas High Plains using microsatellite markers Texas Tech Annual
Biological Sciences Symposium (TTABSS) Lubbock TX (Feb 5-7)
636 Shrestha R B A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2010 Seasonal dynamics of insect
community structure in Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
637 Parajulee M N S C Carroll R B Shrestha R J Kesey D M Nesmith and J P
Bordovsky 2010 Effect of nitrogen fertility on agronomic parameters and arthropod
activity in drip irrigated cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
638 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A Bastola 2009 Evaluation of
intercrop movement of Lygus between cotton and roadside alfalfa Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
639 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Challenges in tracking intercrop
movement of Lygus hesperus between cotton and alfalfa 57th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Stillwater OK (Feb 23-26)
6310 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2009 Characterization of the host
selection behavior of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 57th
annual meeting of
ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
6311 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Evaluation of different methods
of nuclear DNA extraction for Lygus hesperus samples preserved in various storage
conditions Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-8)
6312 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2009 Cotton boll susceptibility to
Lygus hesperus in relation to boll age Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX
(Jan 5-8)
6313 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R E Strauss 2008 Comparative
ontogenic morphometry Lygus hesperus vs Lygus lineolaris Beltwide Cotton
Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6314 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2008 Optimization of protein
marking and detection system for the study of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
hesperus (Knight) 56th
annual meeting of ESA Reno NV (Nov 16-19)
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 21
January 26 2014
21
6315 Parajulee M N A K Barman A Balachandran C Chen R B Shrestha and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in drip-irrigated cotton Beltwide
Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 8-11)
6316 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2008 Relationship between cotton
boll age and Lygus injury SWB of ESA annual meeting Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
6317 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2007 Genetic diversity of Lygus
hesperus from different locations in Texas 55th
annual meeting of ESA San Diego CA
(Dec 9-12)
6318 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric analysis of Lygus species from
Texas Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6319 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2007 Evaluation of compensatory
ability of cotton to fruit loss by Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton
Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 9-12)
6320 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Development and
characterization of SSR and ISSR markers for Lygus hesperus from Texas 54th
annual
meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 10-13)
6321 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2006 Optimization of ELISA procedure for Lygus
marking and its application in Lygus movement study 54th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
6322 Barman A K M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2006 Evaluation of
host preference of Lygus hesperus Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-
6)
6323 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2005 Effect of tillage system and planting date on
seasonal abundance of predacious ground beetles in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6324 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha S C Carroll K F Bronson P L Bommireddy and A
M Cranmer 2005 Variable rate of irrigation water and nitrogen in cotton Potential of
site-specific management of cotton aphids Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans
LA (Jan4-7)
6325 Barman A K M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2005 Influence of planting date and
cultivar on Lygus and cotton fleahopper activity in cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference
New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
6326 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Predation efficiency of selected
cotton arthropod predators of bollworm eggs 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6327 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and C Blanco 2004 Functional response of selected
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 22
January 26 2014
22
cotton arthropod predators to bollworm eggs in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton
Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
6328 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2004 Influence of temporal abundance and spatial
patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers on effectiveness of sampling methods in Texas
High Plains cotton 52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
6329 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Lygus abundance on wild hosts A survey across the Texas High
Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6330 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2003 Rate of consumption of cotton aphids by
convergent lady beetles in the laboratory Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN
(Jan 6-10)
6331 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of cotton cultivar and planting date on
fleahopper and Lygus populations in the Texas High Plains Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6332 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee D O Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Effect of irrigation regimes on insect populations in
Texas High Plains cotton Beltwide Cotton Conference Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
6333 Shrestha R B G Dahal R B Thapa and N K Khatri 1994 Study on leafhopper and
planthopper vectors of rice virus diseases in Nepal A bibliographic review National
Science and Technology Conference Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
Lalitpur Nepal (June 8-11)
7 Poster Presentations (44 Total)
71 International Meetings (8 Posters)
711 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden and Megha N Parajulee 2012
Overview of Lygus Research and Outreach Program in the Texas High Plains Serving the
Clientele of the Worldrsquos Largest Cotton Patch 3rd
International Lygus Symposium
Scottsdale Arizona (28-31 October)
712 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2012 IPM options for Lygus bug management in
Texas High Plains cotton 7th
International IPM Symposium Memphis TN March 27-29
2012
713 Carroll S C M N Parajulee M B Adhikari and R B Shrestha 2010 Lygus hesperus
injury to maturing bolls Effects on quality and quantity of cotton yield Joint meeting of
Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun
Mexico (Apr 11-14)
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 23
January 26 2014
23
714 McSpadden W O M N Parajulee S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Effect of
landscape level habitat heterogeneity on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in cotton Joint
meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
715 Parajulee M N S C Carroll and R B Shrestha 2010 Cotton entomology research
and outreach in the Texas High Plains A historic journey of the Texas AampM Lubbock
Center Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB
of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
716 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2010 Optimization of indirect ELISA protocol for
the detection of marker protein on Lygus hesperus Joint meeting of Mexican
Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr
11-14)
717 Bastola A M N Parajulee and R B Shrestha 2010 Population dynamics and
intercrop movement behavior of convergent lady beetle in cotton-alfalfa agroecosystem
Joint meeting of Mexican Entomological Society and 58th
annual meeting of SWB of
ESA Cancun Mexico (Apr 11-14)
718 Parajulee M N and R B Shrestha 2004 Potential of convergent lady beetle
Hippodamia convergens in suppressing cotton aphids Aphis gossypii 15th
International
Plant Protection Congress Beijing China (May 10-16)
82 Posters in National Meetings (36)
821 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2013 Cotton plant growth and yield response to
various levels of Lygus infestations in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of
America Austin TX (November 10-13)
822 Vandiver M M N Parajulee D Wann R B Shrestha J Dever M Arnold A K
Barman 2013 Potential of Entrustreg SC insecticide on western flower thrips management
in organic cotton in 61st annual meeting of Entomological Society of America Austin
TX (November 10-13)
823 Carroll S R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 A decade of Lygus research in
Texas High Plains Research highlights and clientele outreach in 61st annual meeting of
the Southwestern Branch of the Entomological Society of America Las Cruces NM
(February 25-28)
824 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha M R Vandiver D Q Wann J K Dever and M D
Arnold 2013 Evaluation of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton Effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences San Antonio
TX (January 7-10)
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 24
January 26 2014
24
825 Vandiver M R R B Shrestha J K Dever and M D Arnold And M N Parajulee
2013 Managing thrips using organically approved insecticides in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
826 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson and R B Shrestha 2013 Plant water
stress and insect seasonality effects on Cotton Fleahopper damage in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
827 Carroll S C R B Shrestha and M N Parajulee 2013 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on
cotton host-plant quality and its impact on arthropod community in Beltwide Cotton
Conferences San Antonio TX (January 7-10)
828 Carroll S C R B Shrestha W O McSpadden A Bastola and M N Parajulee 2012
Growth and developmental response of cotton cultivars to different levels of Lygus
infestation in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
829 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha W O McSpadden S C Carroll Y Yang and L T
Wilson 2012 Quantification of cotton plant growth response to cotton fleahopper
infestations in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8210 Shrestha R B W O McSpadden J K Dever M D Arnold D L Kerns and M N
Parajulee 2012 Potential of organic pesticides for western flower thrips management in
seedling cotton effect on plant parameters in Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL
(January 3-6)
8211 Brewer M J M N Parajulee D J Anderson R B Shrestha 2012 Cotton Fleahopper
and its damage to cotton as affected by plant water stress and insect seasonality in
Beltwide Cotton Conferences Orlando FL (January 3-6)
8212 Shrestha R B S C Carroll and M N Parajulee 2010 Effect of roadside alfalfa
mowing on the abundance of Lygus hesperus in adjacent cotton field A field marking
study Beltwide Cotton Conference New Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8213 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and S C Carroll 2010 Evaluation of molecular markers
for genetic diversity studies of western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8214 Carroll S C M N Parajulee W O McSpadden and R B Shrestha 2010 Influence of
proximity and abundance of non-cotton hosts on Lygus hesperus in cotton 58th
annual
meeting of ESA San Diego CA (Dec 12-15)
8215 Adhikari M B M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and D L Kerns 2010 Lygus hesperus
feeding on maturing cotton bolls Adults vs nymphs Beltwide Cotton Conference New
Orleans LA (Jan 4-7)
8216 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha and S C Carroll 2009 Plant
compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton How much can we tolerate 57th
annual meeting of ESA Indianapolis IN (Dec 13-16)
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 25
January 26 2014
25
8217 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2008 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in Cotton 56th
annual meeting of
SWB of ESA Fort Worth TX (Feb 23-26)
8218 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2007 Morphometric comparison of Lygus species
55th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Corpus Christi TX (Feb 19-22)
8219 Parajulee M N A K Barman R B Shrestha C Chen A K Balachandran and S C
Carroll 2007 Compensation of Lygus-induced fruit loss in cotton 55th
annual meeting of
ESA San Diego CA (Dec 9-12)
8220 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and O P Perera 2006 Construction of microsatellite-
enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus 54th
annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Austin TX (Feb 27-Mar 1)
8221 Albeldano W A J Slosser M N Parajulee D G Bordovsky R B Shrestha and J
W Sij 2006 Influence of irrigation method and tillage system on cotton fleahopper
activity Beltwide Cotton Conference San Antonio TX (Jan 3-6)
8222 Parajulee M N R B Shrestha James F Leser 2004 Effect of tillage planting date
and cultivar on western flower thrips seasonal dynamics patterns in cotton 52nd
annual
meeting of ESA Salt Lake City UT (Nov 14-17)
8223 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser R B Shrestha and P L Bommireddy
2004 Use of COTMAN expert system software in cotton insect management research
52nd
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Lubbock TX (Feb 23-26)
8224 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy and R B Shrestha
2004 Use of COTMAN in insect management research Beltwide Cotton Conference San
Antonio TX (Jan 5-9)
8225 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee and A M Cranmer 2003 Influence of planting date
and cultivar on cotton arthropod predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8226 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2003 Influence of conservation tillage system on cotton arthropod
predators 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8227 Shrestha R B and M N Parajulee 2003 Temporal and spatial patterns of cotton
arthropod predators in conservation tillage system 51th
annual meeting of ESA
Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8228 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer R B Shrestha and P L
Bommireddy 2003 Non-cotton host source of Lygus bugs in the Texas High Plains 51st
annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 26
January 26 2014
26
8229 Parajulee M N M D Arnold S C Carroll A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy and R
B Shrestha 2003 Lygus bugs in Texas cotton Significance of roadside non-cotton hosts
51th
annual meeting of ESA Cincinnati OH (Oct 23-29)
8230 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee J F Leser P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha SC
Carroll and M D Arnold 2003 Seasonal activity patterns of Lygus species as affected by
planting date and cotton cultivar 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8231 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Influence of
pigweed on beet armyworm activity in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA
Oklahoma City OK (Feb 22-27)
8232 Carroll S C M N Parajulee R B Shrestha and M D Arnold 2003 Beet armyworm
population abundance in cotton as affected by pigweed Beltwide Cotton Conference
Nashville TN (Jan 6-10)
8233 Bommireddy P L M N Parajulee DO Porter R B Shrestha A M Cranmer M D
Arnold and S C Carroll 2003 Influence of irrigation regime on seasonal abundance
patterns of Lygus species in cotton 51st annual meeting of SWB of ESA Oklahoma City
OK (Feb 22-27)
8234 Shrestha R B M N Parajulee S C Carroll and A M Cranmer 2002 Arthropod
predators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in cotton 50th
annual meeting
of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8235 Parajulee M N A M Cranmer P L Bommireddy R B Shrestha S C Carroll and
M D Arnold 2002 Host plant sequence of Lygus bugs in Texas cotton
50th
annual meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
8236 Cranmer A M M N Parajulee P L Bommireddy M D Arnold and R B Shrestha
2002 Cotton cultivars and planting date window Do Lygus bugs care 50th
annual
meeting of ESA Fort Lauderdale FL (Nov14-20)
Other Meetings Attended (4 Total)
2003 West Texas Agricultural Chemicals Institute Conference Lubbock TX participated as a
WTACI scholarship award winner
1998 Fourth International Conference of Asian Apiculture Association International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development Lalitpur Nepal participated as DAO representative
(March 23-27)
1993 National Conference on Biotechnology Biotechnology Association of Nepal Kirtipur
Nepal participated as a student volunteer (Apr 29-30)
1993 First Regional Conference on Prospect of Biotechnology in Nepal Biotechnology and
Biodiversity Society of Nepal Birgunj Nepal participated as an organizing member (Apr
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 27
January 26 2014
27
11-13)
Professional Trainings and Workshops (14 total)
2014 Registered for 2-day bioinformatics workshop ldquoIowa State software carpentry
bootcamprdquo at ISU Ames IA (January 8 and 9)
2013 Participated 1-day ldquoGrant writing Seminar and workshoprdquo at Memorial Union ISU
Ames IA (October 3)
2010 Completed training on ldquoBlackboard online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 COTMAN Plant Mapping Workshop Texas AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Completed training on ldquoWebCT online teaching course preparationrdquo at TLTC TTU
Lubbock TX
2009 Completed training on ldquoRadioactive material handling and laboratory safetyrdquo at Texas
AgriLife Research Lubbock TX (June 30)
2009 Photoshop SAS and Matlab training at TLTC TTU Lubbock TX
2006 Completed training on ldquoShipping and receiving hazardous materials Information
security awareness Ethics in the workplace and Creating a discrimination-free
workplacerdquo sponsored by Texas AampM University
2005 Attended a 2-day training session on ldquoMolecular Techniques for Arthropod Monitoringrdquo
at Dr James Haglerrsquos Laboratory USDA-ARS Western Cotton Research Laboratory
Phoenix AZ Learned marking techniques for Lygus bugs using different proteins and
detection of marked Lygus by direct and DAS-ELISA technique (March 17-18)
2005 Training on genomic DNA library construction and microsatellite marker development
and genotyping in SIMRU USDA Stoneville MS
2004 Participated in a 1-day Grant Writersrsquo Seminar and Workshop ldquoWrite Winning Grantsrdquo
Office of Research Services Texas Tech University (Apr 22)
2001 Netherlands Fellowship Programmes international course on IPM in IAC Wageningen
the Netherlands (March 18 - June 30)
2000 UNDP-IPM international course on crop protection in CICAT Guangzhou China (May
5 - July 4)
1998 Rice IPM trainerrsquos training Nepal (Apr 6 - July 10)
1993 Diploma in Biotechnology Nepal (Feb 13 - May 13)
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 28
January 26 2014
28
Other Outreach Activities
2011 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2011rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 23-26)
2009 Displayed a 4-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2009rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (8000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved eight graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 18-21)
2008 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2008rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (6000 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 27-29)
2007 Displayed a 3-day ldquoInsect Boothrdquo at the Lubbock Science Spectrum ldquoCritter fest 2007rdquo
and presented live demonstrations and lectures on insect feeding growth and
development and insect management in field crops (5700 people in attendance) This
effort also involved six graduate students to assist with this entomology-awareness
public outreach program Lubbock TX (June 15-17)
Research Experience
I have gained thorough understanding and experience in independently designing developing
and conducting scientific experiments from concept development proposal writing and
experimental design to observation and data collection analysis interpretation of results and
eventual publication and presentation I have spent significant time (gt10 years) executing
entomological research projects as a team leader collaborator or assistant and have authored or
co-authored about 100 publications and presentations based upon results obtained
Insect species studied Phytophagous Hemipterans (Lygus hesperus [western tarnished plant
bug] and Pseudomatoscelis seriatus [cotton fleahopper]) Homoptera (rice green leaf hopper
and plant hopper) Lepidoptera (cotton bollworm beet armyworm tobacco budworm)
Thysanoptera (western flower thrips) Coleoptera (Western Corn Rootworm [Diabrotica
virgifera] predacious ground beetles convergent lady beetles) numerous other insect pest
and predator species found in corn cotton and alfalfa during survey activities Studies
included community structure and species diversity
Field crop experience Corn and cotton rice alfalfa papaya peanut soybean (familiar with
agronomy and pest management of many crop species of legumes vegetables fruits small
grains and oilseeds crops during my time in Nepal)
ScaleScope of experiments conducted
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 29
January 26 2014
29
I have conducted various level of research from subcellular level (molecular biology study) to
agro-ecosystem and landscape level studies I have conducted studies in growth chambers
(biology physiology morphology and behavioral bioassay) green house field cages (clip-
cage cup-cage whole plant cage and large field cages) large field plot and landscape level
studies
Types of experiments conducted and skilled developed (see page 16-35 for detail publication
listing for all categories of research)
Categories Research Projects Skill amp Experience Gained
Insect mass
rearing Western Corn Rootworm Lygus
cotton fleahopper aphid thrips
lady beetles bollworms and
green leaf hoppers mass rearing
in laboratory
Colony care from egg to adult
Artificial diet preparation colony
health management
Developmental
biology Ontogenic morphometry of Lygus
species
Growth and developmental
biology of bollworm
Morphometry- monitoring
growth and development shape
and size change and ontogenic
trajectories
Feeding
biology Effect of elevated CO2 on feeding
of cotton bollworm
Effect of temperature on
bollworm egg consumption by
various predators
Functional response of lady
beetles feeding on cotton aphids
Effect of cotton boll maturity on
Lygus feeding injury
Functional response bioassay
whole-plant cage study
cup-cage study two choice and
no choice bioassay
Vector biology Rice tungro virus transmission
using green leaf hoppers
Test tube and mass inoculation
transmission assays
Foraging
behavior Host selection behavior of Lygus
Boll selection behavior of Lygus
Intercrop movement behavior
Protein marking and movement
detection
Host preference bioassay Y-tube
bioassay
Insect
physiology +
pesticide
resistance
Metabolism cold tolerance
overwintering diapause spring
emergence and pesticide
resistance of Lygus
Cold bath study emergence cage
dig-up cage study and glass vial
pesticide bioassay
Molecular
biology DNA extraction method
optimization
Molecular marker development
Molecular marker comparison
Protein detection
QTL analysis
DNA extraction genomic DNA
library development
microsatellite marker discovery
AFLP ISSR RAPD SSR
genotyping QTL analysis
ELISA
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 30
January 26 2014
30
Population
genetics Microsatellite marker based
population structure and genetic
diversity study of Lygus hesperus
SSR based genotyping by
capillary electrophoresis
Systematics
phylogenetic Mitochondrial gene sequence
based phylogeny
Various gene sequencing and
DNA sequence analysis
Insect control-
IPM Field experiments on cultural
control of cotton insect pests
(cultivar tillage planting date
soil nitrogen application
irrigation and weed host
management)
Field plot techniques cotton
agronomy-planting irrigation
fertility management weed
management fruiting and
flowering profile monitoring
harvesting ginning
Sampling and
population
modeling
Sampling plan development and
sampling method comparison
Mechanistic modeling of aphid
population
Sampling plan development
population modeling
Bt-transgenic
trait
technology
evaluation
Performance of Bt-cotton in
different tillage systems different
level of CO2 concentration
Effect of Bt-cotton on target and
non-target insect pests
Screening of transgenic events
Conservation tillage
OTC microcosm experiments
Monsantorsquos regulated field trials
Plant tissue bioassay
Field cage study
Bt-resistance
evolution and
resistance
management
(IRM)
WCR Field resistance monitoring
and detection
Inheritance stability and fitness
cost of resistance trait
Characterizing cross resistance
Development of IRM plan
Single plant seedling mat and
diet bioassay technique
Laboratory rearing hybridization
and fitness parameter
measurement
Bt-trait evaluation through field
plot experimentation
Insect-plant
interactions Crop compensation and plant
growth response to fleahopper
Cotton varietal response
Field trial cotton growth
response measurement
Landscape
ecology Effect of habitat heterogeneity
and spatial characteristics
Habitat mapping insect survey
spatial analysis
Biological
control Pest population suppression and
prey consumption rate
Large cage field study and prey
feeding bioassay
Insect ecology Survey of Lygus abundance
Survey of rice green leaf hoppers
Survey sampling
Community
ecology Species diversity of predacious
ground beetles
Species diversity of arthropods
Insect collection preservation
identification community
structure in cotton and alfalfa
Literature
review Bibliographic database
development and literature
review
Collection arrangement review
and analysis
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 31
January 26 2014
31
Summary of Research Accomplishments and Work History
Project1 Rice virus disease and its green leaf hopper vector (1992-1994)
I conducted an extensive survey of rice tungro virus disease and its leaf hopper vectors in Nepal I
screened the 15 rice cultivars for of tungro virus susceptibility and also identified 12 alternate
weed hosts of tungro virus Biological and molecular characterization of the Nepalese strain of
tungro virus was performed in laboratory and green house We developed the restriction map of
DNA from RTBV In addition we developed the bibliographic database of tree and plant
pathogen in Nepal and I published a comprehensive review of literature on plant pathology and
rice plant and leaf hopper vectors
Project2 Evaluation of Bt-transgenic technology in elevated CO2 and different crop
management conditions (2002-2004)
I investigated how Bt-cotton can influence on the population of non-target insect pest species such
as thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid and Lygus bug I was first to characterize the season-
long population dynamics of thrips and cotton fleahopper in Bt and non Bt cotton in both
conventional and conservation tillage system in Texas high Plains In collaboration with Chinese
Academy of Science we also evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on cotton plant physisology
and boll worm biology We discovered that elevated CO2 lowers the level of Bt-toxin production
in Bt-transgenic cotton plant and it also reduces the body mass fecundity and growth rate of
cotton bollworm In collaboration with Monsanto we evaluated bollgard technology for cotton
bollworm management and from 2010 I am also involved in evaluation of transgenic cotton for
Lygus management
Project3 Insect community ecology (20022009)
In 2002 I characterized the seasonal dynamics of ground beetle species diversity in Texas High
Plains cotton field and discovered that the Texas High Plains agro-ecosystem had very low
ground beetle diversity I demonstrated that predacious ground beetle diversity can be increased
significantly by adoption of conservation tillage system We also characterized the insect
community structure in furrow irrigated cotton field adjacent to alfalfa in 2009
Project4 Role of predators in biological control of bollworm egg and cotton aphids (2003-
2004)
I was the first researcher to characterize the functional response (density dependent predation)
behavior of eight predator species feeding on bollworm eggs in a single comprehensive laboratory
experiment I also quantified the cotton aphid suppression potential of convergent lady beetle both
in field and laboratory settings I demonstrated that convergent lady beetles have potential to
suppress larger populations of cotton aphids and cotton bollworms I also determined the species
composition of arthropod predator community in a cotton field in the Texas High Plains
Project5 Cotton insect sampling plan and predictive mechanistic model development
(2002-2004)
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 32
January 26 2014
32
I developed fixed precision sequential sampling plan for thrips and cotton fleahopper population
determination in cotton using visual sampling I evaluated various sampling techniques for thrips
and cotton fleahopper to determine the most efficient sampling technique in cotton We also
developed the mechanistic model for predicting cotton aphid population dynamics which
effectively determines five response variables including birth rate death rate cumulative density
population peak count and time of peak count I determined that irrigation water levels can
significantly affect cotton aphid population dynamics in low precipitation (lt25 cm) years
Project6 Insect marking and movement behavior study and landscape level factors
predisposing Lygus outbreak (2005-2010)
I conducted extensive survey of weed host of Lygus in Texas High Plains and identified 23
reproductively suitable weed hosts of Lygus I also determined the Lygus species composition in
different hosts I optimized the methods for protein marking of natural Lygus population in cotton
and alfalfa field I characterized the seasonal dynamics of intercrop movement behavior of Lygus
in cotton and alfalfa cropping system in Texas using field marking and ELISA techniques I also
conducted the landscape level study of Lygus ecology and developed a predictive model to
describe Lygus abundance in cotton field using the surrounding landscape characteristics affecting
Lygus populations in cotton
Project7 Insect plant interactions (crop compensation boll maturity threshold study etc)
(2007-2011)
We have developed the insect-plant interaction based IPM rules for initiation and termination of
pesticide intervention for Lygus in Texas High Plain cotton I demonstrated that cotton plant can
easily compensates about 37 square loss due to early season Lygus infestation in high input
farming system (drip irrigation) in the Texas High Plains environment thus the early pesticide
application is not justified if fruit loss is below 37 We also characterized the cotton plantrsquos lint
yield compensation capacity for different cotton cultivars different phenological stages and
different irrigation water levels I determined the cotton boll damage potential of Lygus adults and
nymphs at various levels of cotton boll maturity I determined that once cotton boll reaches 350
cumulative heat unit or 25 mm in boll diameter they are considered safe from internal boll
damage by Lygus Because there will be no yield loss when Lygus bugs are unable to penetrate
the internal carpel wall pesticide application against Lygus is not justified beyond 350 heat unit
or when bolls attain 25 mm diameter in size
Project8 Molecular ecology marker development and population genetics of Lygus (2008-
2009)
I was the first person to develop microsatellite enriched genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus
After sequencing the DNA library I discovered and characterized polymorphic microsatellite
markers Using those microsatellite markers I have determined the genetic diversity and
population genetic structure of Lygus hesperus from the Texas High Plains I have also optimized
the methodology for the genomic DNA extraction from gt5 years old dry preserved Lygus
hesperus samples
Project9 Lygus ontogenic morphometry (2010)
I was the first scientist to conduct the detailed ontogenic morphometry of Lygus hesperus I
demonstrated that ontogenic morphometry of live Lygus hesperus is possible without killing the
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 33
January 26 2014
33
organism for its measurement I have developed the ontogenic growth model for male and female
Lygus hesperus that allowed us to predict both shape and size of this species at any particular age
I have demonstrated that landmark based morphometric technique is the most appropriate
morphometric approach in quantifying the growth and development of Lygus species I have also
discovered that multivariate analysis of four inter landmark distances can clearly distinguish 5
different nymphal stages of Lygus hesperus with high accuracy In addition I presented detailed
ultrastructure morphology of Lygus hesperus using scanning electron microscopy
Project10 Ecologically intensive integrated pest management (Evaluation of tillage
planting date skip row planting pattern irrigation cultivar and soil nitrogen (2000-2012)
I have developed cultural management strategies for different cotton pests I evaluated the
possibility of insect pest population suppression by various cultural practices like conservation
tillage different cotton cultivars changing cotton planting date change in amount of irrigation
changing method of irrigation method changing cotton planting pattern and plant density and
various level of nitrogen application We conducted series of field experiments over many years
to evaluate the possibility of population suppression of thrips cotton fleahopper cotton aphid
Lygus and bollworm using aforementioned cultural practices
Project11 Characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in Western Corn Rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and IRM
httpwwwentiastateedudeptfacultygassmannpeopleram-shrestha
My current research projects are focused on characterization of field evolved Bt-resistance in
Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) I am involved in monitoring and
quantifying evolution of Bt-resistance and cross resistance in WCR field populations from various
locations in Iowa for four Bt proteins (Cry3Bb mCry3A eCry31A and Cry3435Ab) We use
single plant bioassay seedling mat bioassay diet bioassay and field experiments to determine the
Bt-resistance I evaluated performance of commercially available corn hybrids with single gene
or stacked gene Bt-traits in controlling WCR in corn field We are developing dynamic economic
threshold for WCR management in Iowa I am also involved in investigation of inheritance
stability and fitness cost of the Bt- resistance of WCR in laboratory We are conducting QTL
analysis of Bt-resistance using SNP markers and planned to develop molecular marker for Bt-
resistant trait
I have a decade of research experience and interest in insect ecology and biology More
specifically insect-plant interaction intercrop movement integrated pest management insect
morphometry landscape management population genetics genetic diversity study molecular
marker development Bt-resistance management and sampling plan development for various pest
species
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom
RB Shrestha Page 34
January 26 2014
34
References
1 Dr Aaron Gassmann Assistant Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State
University Ames IA Phone 515-294-7623 E-mail aaronjgmailiastateedu
2 Dr Megha Parajulee Professor and Regents Fellow Texas AampM AgriLife Research and
Extension Center Lubbock TX Phone 806-746-6101 E-mail mparajulagtamuedu
3 Dr Eduardo Segarra Chair and Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied
Economics Texas Tech University Phone 806-742-2821 E-mail eduardosegarrattuedu
4 Dr Chris Sansone Global Regulatory Affairs Manager Bayer CropScience LP
BioScienceIRM (Americas Region) 2 TW Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park NC
27709-2014 Phone +1 919 549 2880 Mobile +1 919 450 7903 Fax +1 919 549 2892
E-mail chrissansonebayercom