Current Development

Cooperation (DC)

in the ASEAN Region

Session on New Forms of Development Cooperation and Their Potential for the ASEAN Region;

Managing Regional and Global Governance (MRGG) in Asia: Opportunities and Challenges for the ASEAN Economic Community

Jakarta, October 7, 2011

Dinur Krismasari

Senior Representative, JICA Indonesia

Outline

1. Who is the main actors of DC in ASEAN ?

2. What is the focus of development cooperation in ASEAN ?

3. Why DC essential to achieve AEC ?

4. What should be the modality of DC to promote AEC ?

5. How we carry out effective DC towards achievement of AEC 2015 ?

1. Who is the main stakeholders of

DC in ASEAN ?

IndonesiaLaos Vietnam Philippines

Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia

Important Bilateral Donors in ASEANSource: OECD DAC 2008-2009

IndonesiaLaos Vietnam Philippines

Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia

Important Multilateral Agencies in ASEANSource: OECD DAC 2008-2009

IndonesiaLaos Vietnam Philippines

Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia

Important Emerging Donors in ASEANSource: OECD DAC 2008-2009

IndonesiaLaos Vietnam Philippines

Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia

Most Beneficiary Countries in ASEANSource: OECD DAC 2008-2009

1st2nd 3rd

Important Stakeholders in ASEAN

Bilateral Donors

• Japan

• Australia

• USA

• Germany

Multilateral Donors

• IDA

• Asia Development Fund

• EU Institutions

• Global Fund

Emerging Donors

• South Korea

• Thailand

Most Beneficiaries (by total)

• Indonesia

• Vietnam

• Philippines

Source: OECD DAC 2008-2009

Emerging Country in Technical Coop. Provider

Singapore Malaysia Thailand

Indonesia Philippines Vietnam

Source: JICA’s Reference as SSC Partner

DAC Member

2010

2. What is the focus of development cooperation in ASEAN ?

Myanmar

Cambodia

Laos

Vietnam

Philippines

Indonesia

Thailand

Malaysia

Source:

OECD DAC

2008-2009

Humanitarian

Economic

Social

A Japanese-supported bridge linking Laos

and Thailand across the Mekong River.

Farmers and other stakeholders at a model site discuss irrigation issues in Vietnam

Support for Social and Economic Development

Support for Emergency & Rehabilitation

Urgent Emergency Goods

Medical Team

Restoration of document

3. Why DC essential to achieve AEC ?

Globalization

STATE STATE

broaden of threats

i.e. diseases, terrorism, pollution, climate

change, disaster, economic crisis, etc

Every single country should be interdependence

broaden of movement

i.e. Movement of people, goods, money

+

High Income Country:

($ 12,275 or more)

Singapore

Brunei Darussalam

Level of Development Stage in ASEAN

Upper Middle Economy:

($ 3,975 - $ 12,275 )

Malaysia

ThailandLower Middle Income Economy

($ 1,005 - $ 3,975)

Indonesia

Philippines

Vietnam

Lao PDR Low Income Economy

($ 1,005 or less)

Cambodia

Myanmar

Source: World Bank 2011

Benefit of Dev’t Cooperation

Strengthen Capacity Development

(Individual, Institutions, Policy & System)

Support Public Investment

(Infrastructure Building)

Speed up the Development Stage upgrading

( LIC – LMIC – UMIC – HIC )

Maintaining Sustainable Development and Avoid Risk of

Development Shock

( Financial Crisis, Disaster, Climate Change etc)

4. What should be the modality of DC to

promote AEC ?

Technical Cooperation

Dispatch Expert, Training/Seminar, Tech Coop Project,

Technical Assistance, Development Study, Volunteers,

Scholarship

Economic & Financial Cooperation

ODA Project Loan, Program Loan, Credit Export

Science & Technology Cooperation

Joint Research, Technology Development

Cultural Cooperation

Language Study, Culture Exchange

What is the form of Development Cooperation

Modality 1 : Human Security Concept

PROTECTION

EMPOWERMENT

Bottom Up Approach

Top Down Approach

Role of the State

Role of People

HU

MAN

SECU

RIT

Y

(Keta

hanan M

asy

ara

kat)

HUMAN BEING

Human Security concept on development model

i.e. rule of law, accountable institution etc.

i.e. participate in defining and implementing

Modality 2: Capacity Development (CD) Concept

Individual Level: Improvement of technical or

other specialized knowledge of individual by

receiving a training program or the guidance of

experts

Organizational Level: Changes in

organizations, i.e. recipient institutions,

implementing institutions, agency in-charge of

technical cooperation. These changes, based on

contributions and effects obtained at the individual

level, include improvement of knowledge and

skills in the organizations and transformation of

organizational structure and system.

National and Societal Level: Change

brought by contribution and effects obtained at the

organizational level and expanded outside of

organization that directly involve. These change

include those found in country policy, strategy and

system, as well as people’s beliefs and culture

National / Social capacity

Institutional Capacity

Human Capital

Modality 3: Action Oriented for Successful Cooperation

Relevance : consistency with priority needs and development policy

Effectiveness : achievement based on expected purpose and goal

Efficiency : input resources utilized properly to make more benefit

Impact : direct and indirect positive effect of activities

Sustainability : continuation of benefit based on self reliance efforts

PLAN

DOSEE

Ex-Ante Evaluation

Project Design Matrix

Mid Term EvaluationTerminal Evaluation

Ex-Post Evaluation Monitoring

Modality 4: Aid & Cooperation should be Catalyzing Dev’t

Source: Catalyzing Development: A New Vision for Aid; 2011; Brookings Institutions

5. How we carry out effective DC towards achievement of AEC 2015 ?

Is there any clear direction on regional policy ?

Is there any clear mandate for Regional Institution

to facilitate the cooperation?

Is there any linkage between regional policy to each

national policy ?

Is there any coordination mechanism between

regional institution and each national country ?

Is there any coordination among institution in each

country (from policy to action)

KEY QUESTIONS

Synergy on Strategic Policy

Development

SELF - RELIANCE

OWNERSHIP

Source: ASIA 2050; Realizing the Asian Century; 2011; Asian Development Bank (ADB)

If possible I would like to share JICA’s support to

ASEAN