Culture Terms
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Transcript of Culture Terms
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Culture Terms
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Warm-Up
• What is a taboo and how does this relate to the study of culture?
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Culture Trait
• Single Feature of a Culture– Examples• Type of clothing• System of Religious beliefs
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Culture Complex
• Group of individual traits that are interconnected.
• Keeping Cattle is a culture TRAIT• Keeping cattle PLUS the traits that cattle is a
measure of wealth in the society, they drink the milk or cattle blood, and the herders have an elevated status is society is a CULTRE COMPLEX
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Material Culture=Artifacts:
• Tangible Things– Examples:• Tools• Weapons• Furniture
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Nonmaterial Culture= Mentifacts&Sociofacts:
• Mentifacts (ideas, values, and beliefs of a culture)– Examples: • Language• Religion• Artistic pursuits• Folk Stories• Myths
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• Sociofact- describe how cultural traits take on a life of their own, spanning over generations– Examples:• Educational and Political Institutions• Religious Organizations• Family Structure
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• Distinctions are not always clear cut. A house is artifact, sociofact (expresses the nature of the family), and mentifact (reflects the culture groups beliefs about architecture and building materials
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• Cultural Diffusion: The movement of people, ideas and goods from one location to another
• Cultural Hearth: Places where innovations originate and spread from– Examples: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus River Valley
and West Africa
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• Cultural Barriers: hindrance to diffusion, such as a taboo, which prevents habits from establishing themselves in a society because of already established prohibitions, customs, and rules– Food Taboos: Hindus and Beef, Muslims and Jews
with Pork, Somali Clans with Fish
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• Acculturation: Change that occurs within a culture when it adopts a practice from another culture (Mongols adopting Chinese culture) Adopting some of the cultural traits of a host/larger culture
• Transculturation: when an equal exchange of traits or influence between two groups or cultures occurs
• Syncretism: the birth of new trait from blending two or more cultural traits
• Assimilation: the process by which immigrants become totally integrated
• http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/31356213
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• Globalization- increasing interconnection of all regions in the world through politics, communication, transportation, marketing, manufacturing, and social and cultural processes.
• Culture region- a portion of earth’s surface occupied by populations sharing recognizable and distinctive cultural characteristics.
• Cultural landscape and built environment- it comprises the physical implications of human culture wherever a human culture exists, the landscape reflects their culture.
• Sequent occupance- the succession of cultures leaving their mark in a shared space or territory often over generations of time.
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• Independent innovation- when many hearths invent similar innovations without knowing each other.
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S Curve: Diffusion often follows an S curve adoption pattern
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• Cultural Convergence: process by which 2 cultures adopt each others traits and become more alike
• Culture Realm- merging together of culture regions
• Culture Identity-
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• Cultural Determinism- the environment places no restrictions on humans whatsoever
• Political Ecology: the government of a region affects the environment which in turn affects the choices available to the people
• Folklore: Stories passed form generation to generation. Jack tales: stories that involve Jack and his adventures (Jack and the beanstalk)
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• Popular Culture: practice of customs that span many cultures and have a global culture
• Natural Landscape: deals with the physical earth
• Adaptive Strategy: how a person adapts to a new culture
• Folk Songs: describe a group of people
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• Food Cultures: UK= fish and chips, E. Asia= snake, Andies= guinea pigs, Tanzania= worms with peanutbutter
• Folk Food: attributed to a particular people or culture
• U.S. Food Cultures: New England= clam chowder, Maine/Cape Code= Lobster, South= fried chicken, collared greens, BBQ, peach cobbler
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• Sports and Culture: Soccer(Football) is the most popular sport in the world
• Hooligans: Soccer fans who incite violence (usually by yelling out remarks at players or fans)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtOXiQToz64
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30ThJblpDLs&feature=related
• Architecture and Culture: Housing trends vary and can depend on climate and building materials
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Architecture
• Modern & Contemporary (in notes already)• Traditional: Structures built as the city was
being established• Indigenous: Built by the Natives • House Types: ( see notes)• Anglo- American- influenced by British