Cultural Cultural Achievements Achievements of the Middle of the Middle

AgesAgesChapter 10, Section 3Chapter 10, Section 3

Rise of UniversitiesRise of Universities Means “corporation” or guild, from Means “corporation” or guild, from

the Latin word the Latin word universitasuniversitas First university appeared in First university appeared in

Bologna, Italy.Bologna, Italy.– Established by Kings because…Established by Kings because…

– Students: Men, administrators for Kings to Students: Men, administrators for Kings to learn about their jobslearn about their jobs

What did they Study!?What did they Study!?

Liberal Arts CurriculumLiberal Arts Curriculum– Covered Grammar, Rhetoric (writings), Logic, Covered Grammar, Rhetoric (writings), Logic,

Arithmatic, Geometry, Music and AstronomyArithmatic, Geometry, Music and Astronomy No Electives offeredNo Electives offered

– Didn’t use Textbooks! Why???????Didn’t use Textbooks! Why??????? Learned by Lectures… just like this one!Learned by Lectures… just like this one!

Where did they study?Where did they study?– Early Universities didn’t have campusesEarly Universities didn’t have campuses

Churches or homes… University not a place rather a Churches or homes… University not a place rather a group of people group of people

Oxford University, England: UKOxford University, England: UK

How did it work?How did it work?

No Exams were ever given!No Exams were ever given!– Oral Exams were given before graduationOral Exams were given before graduation– A committee of teachers offer a reviewA committee of teachers offer a review– Took around 6 years of education!Took around 6 years of education!

Could Stay or Go…Could Stay or Go…– Law, Medicine or TheologyLaw, Medicine or Theology

(The study of God)(The study of God) Could take up to 10 years!Could take up to 10 years!

Who are these Students?!Who are these Students?!

People who continued Education went to be:People who continued Education went to be:– Teachers, Administrators, Lawyers and Medical Teachers, Administrators, Lawyers and Medical

DoctorsDoctors

Began Education 14 – 15 years oldBegan Education 14 – 15 years old Classes Started usually at 5:00 am and Classes Started usually at 5:00 am and

could last all day!could last all day!

ScholasticismScholasticism

A new system combined Theology and A new system combined Theology and ReasonReason– How? By combining Greek Philosophy and How? By combining Greek Philosophy and

Christian TeachingsChristian Teachings Most well known: Aristotle and St. Thomas AquinasMost well known: Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas

Vernacular Literature:Vernacular Literature:– Latin was Universal Language – everyone Latin was Universal Language – everyone

spoke it!spoke it! By 1300 Literature was written in Vernacular – the By 1300 Literature was written in Vernacular – the

Language of everyday speech in a particular regionLanguage of everyday speech in a particular region