CTU 2013 Presents - Contest University – Dayton Ohio 2013 Presents Operating a RTTY Contest—...
Transcript of CTU 2013 Presents - Contest University – Dayton Ohio 2013 Presents Operating a RTTY Contest—...
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CTU 2013 Presents
Operating a RTTY Contest—Beginner to Expert
Ed Muns, W0YK
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Three Largest RTTY Contests
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1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
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ARRL RTTY Round-UpCQ World Wide DX RTTYCQ World Wide WPX RTTYCQ World Wide DX CWCQ World Wide WPX, CW
CQ WW
CQ WPX
ARRL RTTY Round-
CQ WW CW
CQ WPX CW
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Lots of RTTY Contests> two/month
Biggies (7)CQ WW RTTY (last weekend in September)CQ WPX RTTY (2nd weekend in February)ARRL RTTY Roundup (1st weekend in January)BARTG (3rd weekend Jan, 3rd weekend March)
75 Baud (April & September) WAE RTTY (2nd weekend in November)
NCJ contests (4)NAQP RTTY (3rd Sat. in February, 2nd Sat. in July)Sprint RTTY (2nd Sat. in March & October)
Other popular RTTY contests (20)Ten-Meter RTTY (1st Sat. in December)JARTS, Makrothen, SARTG (2)15 others
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Contest Popularity2010 survey
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RTTY Contesters2010 survey
• 825 participants; 13 questions• conducted in February 2010
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RTTY Contesters2010 survey
• The percentage of Casuals is much higher than shown,because few took the survey
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RTTY Contesterscontester styles
CasualNewMaking QSOsChasing awardsmajority of participants … sometimes slower operators
SeriousHigh rates; snappy QSOs; no chit-chatminority of participants … faster operators (and easily annoyed by slower operators!)
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RTTY Contesterscontester types
“Gentleman RTTYers”RTTY is the gentleman’s mode(similar to 160 being the gentleman’s band)
RTTY contest junkiesYears of experience; many different contests
New contestersMany with extensive PC skill
Multi-Mode contestersStrong growth
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What Makes a Great RTTY Contester?
Contester who happily logs casual callersUses CW & SSB techniques where usefulStrives to exploit RTTY uniqueness
Auto-decode frees operator time … use it to do things difficult with CW & SSB, e.g., SO3R!Speed is ~2x CW
Applies learning back to CW & SSB
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Giving Back
Open logsAllows others to learnRaises level of competition
SharingImproves operating quality and skillRaises level of competition
Growing the sport“Lighthouse”: AA5AU & www.rttycontesting.com
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The Cynics Say …
“RTTY is a pain to set up and get working.”… it’s really not too difficult! (see first presentation)
“The RTTY decoder/encoder does everything.”however, this attribute …
frees the operator to improve other skillsenables more contest participantsprovides mode diversity for contest junkies
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Operating a RTTY Contest
RTTY considerationsOptimize message buffers
UnShift On Space (USOS or UOS)Space vs. Hyphen
Accelerator keys; stateful Enter key (ESM); key re-mappingSuper Check Partial & Pre-FillCallsign stacking (“slow down to win”)Multiple decodersSO2V, SO2R-SOnRLogging Software: WriteLog vs. N1MM Logger vs. Win-TestErgonomics
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RTTY Considerations
Much like CW and SSB, except:Non-human decoding implications
e.g., serial number repeat, universal “fist” or “voice”RTTY established practice
e.g., ‘CQ’ at end of CQ messageWhisper-level headphone volume
just to detect presence & timingAvoid distraction
tempting to read, do email, watch TV, etc.Key-down transmission … 100% duty cycle
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RTTY Sub-Bands
10 meters: 28080-28100, during contests 28060-28150 15 meters: 21080-21100, during contests 21060-2115020 meters: 14080-14100, during contests 14060-14150
JA: 14070-1411240 meters: 7025-7050 and 7080-7100, during contests 7025-7100
JA: 7025-7045EU: below 7050
80 meters: 3580-3600, during contests 3560-3600JA: 3520-3530 and 3599-3612
160 meters: No RTTY contesting
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RTTY Sub-Bandsdon’t QRM!
Avoid PSK-31 operations near:28120, 21070, 14070, 7070 and 3580
Avoid the NCDXF beacons:21150 and 14100
More details:www.aa5au.com/gettingstarted/rtty_subbands.htm
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Receiving
Set RX audio levelnoise just above baseline
Use narrow filteringCW filters < 500 Hz
Learn to tune by earpractice with eyes closedget within 10-20 Hz
Use “low tones” (if FSK)less fatigue
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IF Bandwidth2010 survey
• Like FSK, narrow IF filtering for RTTYappeared in radios in the early 1990s
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Tips“All I receive is gibberish!”
“Upside-down”Reverse Mark & Space in softwareLSB vs. USB
Figures vs. lettersTOO=599, WPIR=2084Shift-click to convert, orLook at top two rows
Mic/Line In, level, muting, tones, flutter
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Tips“They never answer me!”
“Upside-down”FSK polarity switch in radioAFSK mode, LSB vs. USB
MMTTY AFC & NETAFC & NET are on by default!(and every time you choose a profile!)
Change defaults in USERPARA.INIRadio mode, tones, FSK interface,AFSK: Mic & SC level & speech processor
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More Tips
Transmit when others stand-byAdd his call at end of exchange in pile-upsRecommend RIT, but if you use AFC/NET …
AFC only for running, not S&PUse AFC/NET for S&P (only avail. with AFSK)
Mode-independent skills, e.g.,Bandmap usageQSO B4Roving mult: “Squat & Shoot” (Cajun-speak!)
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and … More Tips
100% duty cycle … caution!Practice
During frequent RTTY contestsNCCC Thursday night practices
Multi-OpsSO2V & SO2RLoTW
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Basic RTTY Contest QSO
WPX K5AM K5AM CQZC4LI ZC4LIZC4LI 599 1349 1349[K5AM] TU 599 985 985[ZC4LI] TU K5AM CQ
K5AM: running stationZC4LI: S&P station
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RTTY Messages
Short, as with CW/SSBNo extraneous info599 (not 5NN) onceSerial number twiceSpace (not hyphen)Omit ‘DE’RTTY chars (%R, %E)
www.rttycontesting.com/rttymessages.htm
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RTTY Messagesoptimize
ModularChaining
Group logicallySupports a cadence
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RTTY Messagesformatting
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RTTY Messagesefficiency
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RTTY Messagesspecial
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Operatingpersonal
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Interim Summary
Predominantly casual RTTY contest participantsRTTY sub-bands; 10-80 only; avoid PSK & beaconsNarrow (CW) receive filteringCommon problems
“Upside-down” or reversed Space/Mark (and, LSB vs. USB)Figures vs. LettersAudio:
RX audio output level and TX (AFSK only) audio input levelUnmuted soundcard inputs and outputsSpace and Mark tone consistency between decoder and radio
Off-frequency tuning (e.g., MMTTY AFC & NET); propagation flutterMessages (“macros”)
Short, 5NN, exchange twice, Space delimiter
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Space Delimiters2010 survey
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Space DelimitersUnShift On Space*
*UOS or USOS
f: FIGS characterl: LTRS character
Garbled copy
Protocol that provides some noise immunity for shift characters by:forcing the Letters set after a received Spacesending a FIGS character after a Space when the next character is in the Figures set
MMTTY:RX UOS and TX UOS can be independently enabled or disabled
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Space DelimitersUOS and a noise hit
f: FIGS characterl: LTRS character
best case
worst case
Garbled copy
Turning on UOS for both RX and TX is the best hedge:Most other stations will be that way
MMTTY default; 78% of survey respondents use MMTTYWith only one noise hit, at least one of the important exchange elements is received properly
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Hyphen Delimiter?
Sending Hyphen instead Space “defeats” UOS and speeds up the message slightly by eliminating the FIGS character
However, if the first FIGS character is hit by noise, then the entire exchange is garbled
Space with USO enabled is a slightly better hedgeMajority of stations use MMTTY with UOS enabled so at least one of the important exchange elements is received
UOS is defeated:so all four cases
have identicalnoise results
f: FIGS characterl: LTRS character
Garbled copy
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LTRS/FIGS Charactersnoise immunity
MMTTY Double Shift may be enabled to send two LTRS or FIGS characters instead of oneEliminates single noise hits on LTRS and FIGS charactersModerate speed penalty for all transmissions
Probably not a good trade-off
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Super Check Partial
SCP (Super Check Partial) enables computer to pick out call signs in receive window
Call signsNew mults and double multsDupes
Use main SCP from CW/SSB/RTTY contestsRTTY SCP is a subset
N1MM Logger
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Super Check Partiallogger differences
N1MM Logger
WriteLog Win-Test
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Pre-Fill“Danger, Will Robinson!”
Pre-fill is a typing aid using prior log dataEach logger is unique:
N1MM: Call History Lookup File (text file)User-created with Excel from prior logs
WriteLog: Pre-fill File (ADIF file)User-created with text editor from prior ADIF logs
Win-Test: Database FileProvided for specific contests by the Win-Test team
Log what is communicated to you!
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Disciplined QSO Flow
Standard keystroke (or mouse) sequences for: Normal contact in Run modeNormal contact in S&P modeRepeats/Fills (in either mode)QSO phase skip & tail-enders (in Run mode)
Each sequence is executed the same way hundreds (thousands) of times during the contestAvoid deviations and special sequences
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The 4 Phases of a QSO
Normal Run mode flow:1. Enter or F1 (CQ)
repeatAGN?
2. pile-up
3. Insert or ‘ (grab call sign, send exchange)
Send fill(s)
4. receive exchangecheck pre-fill, click their exchange
AGN? or NR? or QTH? or NAME?1. Enter or + (log contact, send
TU/CQ)optionally send F7 (QRV message)
Normal S&P mode flow:1. CQ
2. Enter or F4 (mycall)repeat
3. receive exchangecheck pre-fill, click their exchange
AGN? or NR? or QTH? or NAME?4. Enter or F5 (send exchange)
send fill(s)
1. find next CQ
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Callsign Stacking“Slow Down to Win”
Sailboat racing analogy:Pinwheel effect at mark-rounding
Let pile-up continue 1-3 seconds after getting first call sign
Increase chance for another call sign or twoIncrease chance for QSO-phase-skip
Apply same tactic for tail-enders … pause before sending TU/CQ message
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Callsign Stackingskip 2 phases
Normal1. WPX P49X P49X CQ, or
TU P49X CQ2. K3LR K3LR K5ZD K5ZD3. K3LR 599 2419 2419
4. TU 599 842 842
Shortened1. (skip CQ)
2. (skip pile-up)3. K3LR TU NW
K5ZD 599 2420 24204. TU 599 1134 1134
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Callsign Stacking tail-ender
Normal1. WPX P49X P49X CQ, or
TU P49X CQ2. K3LR K3LR3. K3LR 599 2419 2419
K5ZD4. TU 599 842 842
Shortened1. (skip CQ)
2. (skip pile-up)3. K3LR TU NW
K5ZD 599 2420 24204. TU 599 1134 1134
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Callsign Stacking
Efficiently work:multiple callers in a pile-up, andtail-enders to a completing QSO
Calls pushed onto the stack as they arriveMessage parameter pops call off of the stack into the Entry windowEliminates 2 of 4 QSO phases, which doubles rate
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RTTY Decoders2010 survey
• 87% use soundcard decoding/encoding• 86% of soundcard users run MMTTY
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Multiple RTTY Decoders2010 survey
• 20% use multiple decoders
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Multiple RTTY Decoders2010 survey
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Multiple RTTY Decoders MMTTY & DXP38-WriteLog
Parallel decodingSoftware, e.g., MMTTYHardware, e.g., DXP38
Diverse conditionsFlutterMulti-pathQRM, QRNWeak signalsOff-frequency stations
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Multiple RTTY Decodersmultiple MMTTY profile windows
Parallel decodingsame audio streamswitching takes too long
Multiple profile windowsStandardFluttered signalsFluttered signals (FIR)Multi-pathhyper sensitiveEU1SAAA6YQ-FIR-512
weak signals in QRN
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Multiple RTTY Decoderstwo IF bandwidths
Narrow IF filtering (main RX)Hardware modem, i.e. DXP38MMTTY profiles
StandardFluttered signalsFluttered signals (FIR)Multi-pathhyper sensitiveEU1SA
Wide IF filtering (sub RX)MMTTY profiles
AA6YQ-FIR-512Dual Peak Filter“Matched filter”
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SO2V2010 survey
• Almost 15% have tried SO2V
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SO2V
If Assisted and running on VFO-A, thenA<>BClick spot, tune, ID station, work stationA<>B, resume running
Or, setup decoder windows on A and BRadio must have two true receiversMonitor both frequencies simultaneously with right/left channelsof sound card
Right-click call from 2nd RTTY window into VFO-B Entry WindowTwo ways to transmit on VFO-B:
A<>B, work the mult, A<>BSPLIT, work the mult, SPLIT, resume running
Requires “wire-OR’d” FSK or AFSK and two transmit RTTY windowsK3/WriteLog invokes SPLIT when call is right-clicked
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SO2V Wire-OR FSK/PTT
Serial Signals (K8UT) FSK/PTT Signals (W0YK)
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SO2V Wire-OR FSK/PTT
FSK/PTT Signals (W0YK)Serial Signals (K8UT)
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SO2R2010 survey
• 12% operate SO2R• 30% of SO2R users use 2 PCs
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SO2R
Eliminates SO1R RTTY boredomThink beyond run and S&P:
Dueling CQs; run on two bands simultaneouslyS&P on two bands simultaneously, esp. w/PacketSO2V on one or both radios (SO4V!)
Two networked computers:Eliminates PC focus swappingRTTY doesn’t require much typing
Mini-keyboards ideal for RTTY2 x SO2V=SO4V for picking up mults on both run bandsEasily extendible to SO4R
No time to watch TV or read spy novels!
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SO2RM2 configuration
Right-handTrackballLeft-hand
Trackball
Right-sizedKeyboards
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SO2R in the NA Sprint
Set VFOs at least 10 kHz apart on both radiosFind a clear spot on one radio and CQ while you tune the other radio for a station to workIf you don’t find a station to work quickly (within a minute), find a clear frequency and duel CQAfter a QSO swap VFOs on that radio, search for up to a minute, then resume dueling CQDon’t waste time trying to work the “couplet” …CQing is OK in Sprint!
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SOnR> 2 radios
Simplify antenna/filter band-decoding:Dedicate a band/antenna to the 3rd (or 4th) radio
Networked PC/radio simplifies configurationRTTY (vs. CW or SSB) easier for operator
PC decodes for operatorLow tones & high tones allows two radios per ear
Classic audio headphone mixer provides radio 1, radio 2 or both
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SOnRMulti-Multi configuration
L R3
dedicatedto 10 meters
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Logging Software2010 survey
• MixW still ahead of Win-Test• MMTTY used stand-alone
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2012 CQ WPX RTTY3550 submitted logs
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
N1MM
MixWWrit
eLog
Win-Tes
tQart
est
UR5EQF LO
GUCXLOGADIF2C
BRRTCL P
rint
RCKLOGCTESTWIN
MMTTYAATEST
ContestL
C
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Logging Software
N1MM Logger (2000; dedicated RTTY software designer)
FreeWriteLog (1994)
created for RTTY (CW & SSB came later)
www.rttycontesting.com web siteWin-Test (2003; RTTY is low priority)
All three integrate MMTTY and have similar functionalityfor basic RTTY contesting.
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RTTY Contest Loggers
WriteLog N1MM Win-TestMMTTY ☻ ☻ ☻2Tone ☻ ☻ -other decoders ☻ some noneCall sign acquisition ☻ ☻ ☻Contests supported ☻ ☻ fewerAdvanced RTTY ☻ ☻ none• All three are entirely adequate for basic RTTY contesting• Use the logger you are already familiar with for CW & SSB
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Logging SoftwareN1MM Logger, WriteLog, Win-Test
13 features comparedSimplifying assumption: features equally weightedRated 0 to 5
All three score ‘5’ on:MMTTY integrationStateful Enter key (ESM: Enter Sends Message)Accelerator keysQRV message parameter
Another 9 advanced RTTY features distinguish these loggers
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Logging SoftwareMTTY integration
Install free MMTTY softwareLogger integrates MMTTY
WriteLog requires additional MMTTY plug-in SW
All three loggersIntegrated excellent encoder/decoder
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Logging Softwarestateful Enter key
Stateful Enter key (ESM=Enter Sends Message)
Cursor in call sign field:1. Sends CQ if Call Sign Window empty, else2. Sends call sign & exchangeCursor in exchange field:
3. Sends TU/CQN1MM Logger highlights active key(s)
All three loggersEfficient keyboarding
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Logging Softwareaccelerator keys
Insert grabs call sign & sends exchange+ logs QSO & sends TU/CQ
All three loggersSaves keystrokes
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Logging Softwareautomatic QRV
QRV 28079.3Message parameter for other radio’s VFO
All three loggersEfficient QSY, mult move or “self-spotting”
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RTTY Contest Loggersrelative ratings
WL N1 WT5 3 45 4 05 4 00 5 35 5 05 3 35 4 55 5 35 3 5
40 36 23
LoggerRTTY window readabilityMultiple decoders
multiple MMTTY or 2ToneESM mouse ctrl & Sprint modeSO2VM2 SO2R configurationRe-mapped keysCall sign stackingAFSK/FSK flexibility
Overall
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Logging Software RTTY Window Readability
N1MM Logger WriteLog
Colored highlighting has outstanding readability. The text all remains black for maximum contrast and the highlighting does not detract. Rather the large highlight area around the text make it extremely easy to zero in on the call sign of interest, especially when quickly moving one’s eyes between multiple windows.
Colored text is difficult to read, especially the dark blue (unworked call) which has negligible contrast to black text or black background. The dark blue cannot be changed by the user. HOWEVER …
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Logging Software RTTY Window Readability
N1MM Logger WriteLog
Colored highlighting has outstanding readability. The text all remains black for maximum contrast and the highlighting does not detract. Rather the large highlight area around the text make it extremely easy to zero in on the call sign of interest, especially when quickly moving one’s eyes between multiple windows.
WriteLog is unique in having a NON-SCROLLING RTTY window, so you don’t have to chase text up the screen!
Colored text is difficult to read, especially the dark blue (unworked call) which has negligible contrast to black text or black background. The dark blue cannot be changed by the user. HOWEVER, there is now an option for highlighting like WriteLog and WinTest.
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Logging Softwaremultiple decoders
N1MM Logger limited to 4 total, but has best DXP38 supportWriteLog has 10 additional decoders per rcvr and the most hardware MODEMsWin-Test only supports one instance of MMTTY
WriteLog & N1MM Logger onlyMultiple parallel decoders for marginal copy
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Logging SoftwareESM mouse control
Left-click enters call sign or exchangeRight-click (ESM) sends exchange or TU/CQQSOs can be worked entirely with mouse action, except for the rare instance where a call or exchange must be typed inParticularly suited to unique non-prefillableexchanges such as serial numbers
N1MM Logger onlyEliminates keyboard for efficiency
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SO2V
Basic capability with two VFOsAdvanced capability with two receivers
Requires second receiver in radioIndependent RTTY window for second receiverradio/logger SPLIT mode
N1MM Logger & WriteLogInterleave S&P QSOs on Run band
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SO2RM2 configuration
PC & UI per radio; networkedSingle signal interlockExtendible to SOnR
Only WriteLogAnother user preference alternative; SOnR
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Logging Softwarekey re-mapping
Soft re-definition of keyboard keysExamples:
Insert ‘= PopCallFromStack
WriteLog provides a rich built-in function set for key shortcuts
WriteLog & Win-Test remap keys and functionsN1MM Logger uses HotKeysRelocates keys for efficiency
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Logging Softwarere-mapped keys
Fn key labels
Push to Stack
Pop from Stack
Stateful Enter- CQ- hiscall/exch- TU/log
Insert …hiscall/exch
Sprint S&P exch
mycall
long CQ
c1 TU NOW
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Logging Softwarecallsign stacking
N1MM Logger can automatically fill stackWriteLog has convenient stack managementWin-Test script can use partner stack
All three loggersDoubles rate by skipping CQ & pile-up
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Logging Softwarecallsign stacking
N1MM Logger automatically pushes calls into the Grab window.
It can also explicitly push calls onto the Call Stack (like WriteLog and Win-Test)There is a rich list of stack functions and ESM integration
WriteLog explicitly right-clicks calls onto the call stackWin-Test requires a LUA script to push calls onto the Partner Stack
Automatic vs. explicit pushing is personal pref.
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Logger Softwarecallsign stacking: N1MM Logger
Setup:Create a F8 message (macro):
{TX} ! {LOGTHENGRAB}TU NOW {F4}{F5}{RX}! or F4: his call; F5: CQ-exchange … your choice of Fn
Configure the Grab window:Choose “Clear Grab window with CQ” (on DI tab of Configuration window)Choose “First In, First Out” (right-click Grab window)
Operate:Each highlighted call in DI window automatically goes into Grab windowSend this macro in place of TU/CQ macro when you want to work the next call in stackSending the CQ message clears the Grab windowDelete calls from stack by right-clicking and choosing “Delete”
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Logging Software callsign stacking: N1MM Logger - 2
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Logging Software callsign stacking: N1MM Logger - 3
NOW
NOW
NOW
NOW
NOW
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Logger Softwarecallsign stacking: N1MM Logger - 4
Alternatively, the Call Stack may be used:Setup:
Create a F8 message (macro):{TX} ! {LOGTHENPOP}TU NOW {F4}{F5}{RX}! or F4: his call; F5: CQ-exchange … your choice of Fn
Operate:Alt-click a callsign to push it onto the Call StackSend this macro in place of TU/CQ macro when you want to work the next call in stackSending the CQ message clears the Call StackDelete calls from the Call Stack by right-clicking and choosing “Delete”
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Logging Softwarecallsign stacking: WriteLog
Setup:Configure right-click for Push-only in writelog.ini:
[RttyContextMenuEntries]1=PUSHCALL
Define Push and Pop keys, using the Keyboard Shortcuts feature:Push Call on the Graves (~) keyPop Call on the Equals (=) key
Create <TU NOW msg>%R%C TU NOW%L
Operate:Push calls onto stack
configure right-click for single menu itemright-click call in Rttyrite window
At the end of the current QSO, press <TU NOW msg> followed by the Insert key or Enter key (the normal CQ-exchange msg)Press TU/CQ msg (rather than + or Enter) when you don’t want to pop the stack for your next contactPop/Push to rotate the desired call into Entry window without losing others (replace Push with Alt-W to delete a call, or do another Pop)
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Logging Softwarecallsign stacking: WriteLog - 2
Create Fn macro%R%C TU NOW%L%E
Push calls onto stackRight-click call in Rttyrite window
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Logging Softwarecallsign stacking: WriteLog - 3
NOW
NOW
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Logging SoftwareAFSK & FSK flexibility
WriteLog has built-in AFSK & FSKN1MM relies on MODEM for AFSK or FSK
WriteLogIndependence from MODEM for transmit
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RTTY Contest Loggersrelative ratings
WL N1 WT5 3 45 4 05 4 00 5 35 5 05 3 35 4 55 5 35 3 5
40 36 23
LoggerRTTY window readabilityMultiple decoders
multiple MMTTY or 2ToneESM mouse ctrl & Sprint modeSO2VM2 SO2R configurationRe-mapped keysCall sign stackingAFSK/FSK flexibility
Overall
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Ergonomicsuser interface
Comfortable heights, reaches, layout Right-sized keyboard
Fn keys templateLabel re-mapped keys
Right & left trackballsBose QC2 phones
Minimal volumeStereo
hourly targetspropagation forecastand band plan
righttrackballRight-sized keyboardsleft
trackball
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Ergonomicsright-sized keyboard
Fn key labels
Push to Stack
Pop from Stack
Stateful Enter- CQ- hiscall/exch- TU/log
Insert …hiscall/exch
Sprint S&P exch
mycall
long CQ
c1 TU NOWFull-size QWERTY keyboard; no number pad; integrated cursor keys
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Ergonomics keyboard or mouse?
Keyboard – minimal typing in RTTYEither:
F1, Insert and + … or,Enter, Insert and Enter (ESM – Enter Sends Message)Plus Fn keys or re-mapped Fn keys
Mouse click received exchange, if not pre-filledMouse/trackball100% (N1MM Logger)80% (WriteLog and Win-Test)
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Resources
www.rttycontesting.comTutorials and resources (beginner to expert)WriteLog/MMTTY
[email protected] reflectorRTTY contester networkingQ&A
Software web sitesmmhamsoft.amateur-radio.ca/ (MMTTY)n1mm.hamdocs.com/tiki-index.php (N1MM Logger)www.writelog.com (WriteLog)www.wintest.com (Win-Test)
Software [email protected] (MMTTY)[email protected] (N1MM Logger general)[email protected] (N1MM Logger RTTY & PSK)[email protected] (WriteLog)[email protected] (Win-Test)