CSS for Beginners

1. byDHANESH.T.S CSS

Completely consistent with the look and feel of your pages

More control over the layout and design

Pages download faster, sometimes by as much as 50%

You have to type less code, and your pages are shorter and neater.

CSS properties can also be dynamically changed with a JavaScript.

eg.object .style.cssFloat="left"

. With a combination of positioning, floating, margins, padding and borders, you should be able to represent ANY web design and there is nothing that can be done in tables that can not be done with CSS.

The styles

a blue headline

eg: a blue headline

a blue headline

Their placement

The fact that they can cascade.

Where HTML has tags, CSS has 'selectors'.

A Cascading Style Sheets rule is made up of a selector and a declaration.

H2 {color: blue;}

selector {declaration;}

The declaration is the part of the rule inside the curly braces. It specifies what a style effect will be. For example, "color: blue".

Eg: body { font-size: 12px; color: navy;}

A declaration has two parts separated by a colon: property and value.

selector {property:value}

More than one declaration may be placed inside the curly braces

A semi-colon must separate each declaration from the next. The ending declaration does not require a semi-colon

Eg.selector {property:value; property:value;}

H2 {color:blue; font-family:Arial, sans-serif;}

If you neglect to place a semi-colon between any two declarations your style sheet will totally fail.

H1 {font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;} H2 {font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;} H3 {font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}

H1, H2, H3 {font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}

In-line

Internal

External

Sample text

HTML should be apresentation freedocument, and so in-line styles should be

avoided wherever possible.

CSS Example

a { color: blue; } .......

p { color: red; }

a { color: blue; }

There are specific units for values used in CSS, but there are some general units that are used in a number of properties

Such as-

em(such as font-size: 2em)

ex(one ex is the x-height of a font (x-height is usually about half the font-size)

px(such as font-size: 12px)pixels

pt(such as font-size: 12pt)point (1 pt is the same as 1/72 inch)

pcpica (1 pc is the same as 12 points)

%(such as font-size: 80%)percentage

Other units includecm(centimetres),mm(millimetres) andin(inches).

When a value iszero , you do not need to state a unit.

border : 0

Different foms:

Name of Colour

HEX code

CSS brings 16 millioncolours to Web Page.

There are 17 valid predefined colour names.

They are-aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, orange, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.

rgb(255,0,0)

rgb(100%,0%,0%)

#ff0000

transparentis also a valid value.

The three values in the rbg value are from 0 to 255.

Hexadecimalis abase-16number system. hexadecimal has 16 digits, from 0 to f.

The hex number is prefixed with a hash character ( # ) and can be three or six digits in length.

Basically, the three-digit version is a compressed version of the six-digit (#f00 becomes #ff0000, #c96 becomes #cc9966 etc.).

None: The element will not be displayed.

p {display : none}

Block: The element will be displayed as a block-level element, with a line break before and after the element.

p {display : block}

Inline: The element will be displayed as an inline element, with no line break before or after the element.

p {display : inline}

Static

Relative

Absolute

Static: The value static is the default value for elements and renders the position in the normal order of things as they appear in the html

Relative: It is much like static, but the element can be offset from its original position with the propertiestop ,right ,bottomandleft.

Absolute: The absolute element can be placed anywhere on the page usingtop ,right ,bottomandleft.

Fixed: It behaves like absolute, but fixed elements should stay exactly where they are on the screen even when the page is scrolled.

Floating an element will shift it to the right or left of a line, with surrounding content flowing around it.

Floating is normally used to position smaller elements within a page

img { float: left }

Clear:

The CSS clear property is used to for control flow when using the float property. Using CSS clear, you can specify whether to keep one or both sides of an element "clear" (i.e. no elements can appear on the side that is clear).

none - floating elements can appear on either side

left - floating elements can not appear on the left (i.e. keep the left side "clear")

right - floating elements can not appear on the right (i.e. keep the right side "clear")

both - floating elements can not appear on the left or right (i.e. keep both sides "clear")

inherit

Font-family

The font you specify must be on the user's computer, so there is little point in using obscure fonts.

The most commonly used are arial, verdana and times new roman), but you can specify more than one font, separated bycommas .

If the name of the font is more than one word it should beput in quotation marks (------)

Font-size

The size of the font. Be careful with this - text such as headings should not just be a paragraph in a large font; you should still use headings ( h1 ,h2etc.)

Font-weight

This states whether the text is bold or not.

Commonly used arefont-weight: bold or font-weight: normal. In theory it can also be bolder, lighter, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 or 900

Font-style

font-style:italicor

font-style: normal .

Text-decoration

This states whether the text is underlined or not.

text-decoration: overline

text-decoration: line-through , strike-through,

text-decoration: underline

(should only be used for links )

This property is usually used to decorate links, such as specifying no underline with

text-decoration: none.

text-transform

This will change the case of the text.

text-transform: capitalize

text-transform: uppercase

text-transform: lowercase

text-transform: none

Text spacing

letter-spacingandword-spacing

line-height

text-align

text-indent

p { letter-spacing: 2px; word-spacing: 3px; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; }

MarginsandPaddingare the two most commonly used properties for spacing-out elements.

A margin is the spaceoutsideof the element, whereas padding is the spaceinsidethe element.

h2 {font-size: 10px;background-color: #1F488D;margin: 10px;padding: 5px;}

padding can have:

#sample{ padding: 10px; }

#sample{ padding: 10px 5px }

#sample{ padding: 10px 5px 2px }

#sample{ padding: 10px 5px 2px 5px }

one value, such as 10px, to specify equal padding on every side

two values, such as 10px 5px, to specify top/bottom (first value) and right/left (second value) padding

three values, such as 10px 5px 2px, to specify top (first value), right/left (second value) and bottom (third value) padding

four values, such as 10px 5px 2px 1px to specify top, right, bottom and left padding respectively

Borderscan be applied to most HTML elements within the body.

border-style

The values can besolid ,dotted ,dashed ,double ,groove ,ridge ,insetandoutset .

border-width

border-top-width ,border-right-widht ,border-bottom-widthandborder-left-width

border-color

Add the following code to the CSS file:

Eg. h2 { border-style: dashed; border-width: 3px; border-left-width: 10px; border-right-width: 10px; border-color: red;}

CSS for Beginners

Business

Transcript of CSS for Beginners