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Transcript of CS101: Introduction to Computing Instructors: Badre Munir, Usman Adeel, Zahid Irfan & Maria Riaz...
CS101: Introduction to Computing
Instructors: Badre Munir, Usman Adeel, Zahid Irfan & Maria Riaz
Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
Fall 2009
General Course Description
The Student will be familiarized with: History, Present and Future of Computing. Introduction to Computing Hardware Introduction to Computing Software Introduction to Programming Computers
Detailed course contents will be uploaded on the course website
Course Information
Instructors Mr. Badre Munir, G-15, FCSE, [email protected] Mr. Usman Adeel, G-13, FCSE, [email protected] Mr. Zahid Irfan, G-12, FCSE, [email protected] Maria Riaz, G-14, FCSE, [email protected]
Course Timings Two Lectures per week One lab per week (Three Hours)
Office Hours to be announced
Text Books
C How to Program, Fourth/Fifth Edition, Deitel & Deitel
Basic Computing Using Windows
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Computing_Using_Windows
Course Grading
Quizzes 15% Assignments 10% Mid Term Examination 25% Final Examination 50%
Academic Honesty Policy
Individual Work is emphasized Quizzes Assignments
Should be your own work and if you got it from somewhere please cite the relevant source.
Consult Course Instructor, Course TA and Text Book Examination Penalty as per university rules
Computers Today
A Tool for Communication
Chat
e-mailSearching
Social Networking
Content Sharing
Blog
A Tool for EntertainmentMultimedia
Games
Computer Revolution !
Google Servers
MarsRover
FlightSimulator
Wearable Computer
Computer
We know how to use a computer
We have an idea where it stands today
YOU have to contribute towards its future !
Now let’s look at what it is and the modest beginnings from where it evolved !
History of Computer
What is a Computer (-1-)
A computer is a machine that inputs (takes in) facts and information (known as
data*) then processes (does something to or with) it can also store data afterwards it outputs, or displays, the results for
you to see
* Data is all kinds of information, including, pictures, letters, numbers, and sounds
What is a Computer (-2-)
What is a Computer (-3-)
The defining feature of modern computers which distinguishes them from all other machines is that they can be programmed a list of instructions (the program) can be given to the
computer e.g., add one number to another move some data from one location to another send a message to some external device, etc
it will store them (in memory) and carry them out (execute) some time in future
Usually in the same order in which the instructions were given
History of Computer (-1-)
The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613 referring to a person who carried out
calculations, or computations !
The word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century before modern electronic computers were
developed
History of Computer (-2-)
The history of the modern computer begins with two separate technologies Automated Calculation Programmability
Early computers were mechanical calculating devices such as Abacus, 3000 B.C Slide rule, 1620-1630 A.D
History of Computer (-3-)
Chinese Abacus: for performing arithmetic processes
History of Computer (-4-)
Slide Rule: for performing multiplication, division, computing roots, logarithms, trigonometric functions
History of Computer (-5-) ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator And
Computer - was the first general-purpose electronic computer developed around 1946
operated at 5 kIPS [thousand instructions per second]
Today's desktops can perform 10000+ MIPS weighed 30 tons size was roughly 8.5 x 3 x 80 feet contained around 5 million hand-soldered joints consumed 150 kW of power; enough to dim the lights of
Philadelphia when it was run! Input was given from an IBM card reader An IBM card punch was used for output
History of Computer (-6-)
Working
on,
rather
‘inside’ ,
ENIAC
History of Computer (-7-)
IBM Punch Card: Programs and data were punched by hand or a key-punch-machine and read into a card reader
The future of computers predicted in the past
I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.
-- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943
Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons.
-- Popular Mechanics, 1949
There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.
--Ken Olson, CEO, Digital Equipment Corp., 1977
Components of a Computer
Parts of a Computer
There are two main parts of computers, hardware and software
Hardware is all of the parts of the computer you can see and touch. E.g., Monitor, Keyboard, Processor, Memory, Circuits,
Cables etc
Software refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form. E.g., Data, Programs, Protocols etc
Computer :An External Look
Casing [with components inside] Next slide
Monitor Lets the user see how the computer is
responding to their command Keyboard
For entering text commands Mouse
Point-and-Click interface for interacting with graphical environment
Computer:Internal Components (-1-)
Inside the casing, we have a built-in power supply along with: Motherboard
It is the central printed circuit board (PCB) where the core components of your computer reside provides slots to host microprocessor, memory, driver
controllers, graphics card, modem, network card etc also provides electrical connections by which these hosted
components communicate
Hard Disk Drive Permanent storage for data and programs. Also,
normally, your operating system is installed here. CD-ROM / DVD Player
Computer:Internal Components (-2-)
Power Supply
Computer: Internal Components (-3-)
Motherboard:
Connectors & Ports
Computer:Internal Components (-3-)
Motherboard: Sockets & Slots
Slot for Microprocessor
DRAM Memory Slot
AGP Slot [Graphics]
PCI Slot [sound, network, modem]
IDE / ATA Connector [hard disk, CD-ROM]
Power Connector
Computer:Internal Components (-4-)
Microprocessor
Graphics Card
Computer:Internal Components (-5-)
Network CardRAM
Computer:Internal Components (-6-)
Hard Disk Drive DVD RW
Computer:Peripherals
A peripheral device is an equipment that might be added to a computer system to enhance its functionality Printer Digital camera Scanner Projector Joystick Graphics tablet
Next Time
Hardware & Software Concepts
References
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Computing_Using_Windows
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/teaching/cs4/
summer.08/notes/historyofcomputing/ http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/comphist/eniac-story.html http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL-e-h.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard