Crsm 4 2009 Peter Anker Rspg Towards An Eu Policy For Cognitive Radio
Transcript of Crsm 4 2009 Peter Anker Rspg Towards An Eu Policy For Cognitive Radio
Brussels, 11 May 2009Joint Workshop on Cognitive Radio2
What is the RSPG and what is it doing on CR?
Radio Spectrum Policy GroupAdvisory body to the European Commission on Radio Spectrum Policy IssuesRepresentatives of the Member States and of the Commission
Workprogramme 20097 - Cognitive TechnologiesExpected result: Introduction of the issue to the European agenda
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Objective of the workStrategic RSPG report
Is there a need for regulatory action to enable spectrum access for
cognitive radio?
What is Cognitive radio; Overview of various components of cognitive technologies (sensing the environment, information gathering, databases, cognitive pilot channel, learning capabilities etc.); A brief overview of the experiences and lessons in Europe and elsewhere with (pre) cognitive technologies;how cognitive technologies could operate in the various models for spectrum management; brief summary of the US framework for ‘whitespaces’ and the differences in the US and EU, including possible actions to ensure timely regulatory responses in EU;
identifies the challenging issues which require further attention.
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Spectrum management: What is the problem?
Deliberately left unused forRadio Astronomy
Unused “white” spots
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Three inefficiencies
1. Not all frequencies are used 2. New applications have to go to higher frequencies
“old” applications have a large part of the most attractive pieces of spectrum
3. Slow response to changes in market and technologyBuild-in resistance to change
Need for more dynamic access to spectrum
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• Medium Access Control:• How to coordinate multi-channel communication?
Problems with Dynamic Spectrum Access
• Sensing the opportunity:• How to detect when channels are free?
• Quality of Service for opportunistic user:• How long channels are going to be free?
• Interference to incumbent user:• How to avoid potential interference?
• Policies in channel access:• How to regulate spectrum access?
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Mastering the hidden node problemNeed for cooperation
Sharing of spectrum sensing information among CRs+ Improves probability of detection
Channel needed to exchange sensing informationOverhead to exchange sensing information
Use of beacon transmittersNeed for a Cognitive supporting Pilot Channel· Dedicated (worldwide harmonized) channel?· Existing access technology
Database with local spectrum usageNeed for access to a databaseAwareness of location
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Regulatory framework
License exempt white spot accessSmart radios are used with a build in techniques and rules (etiquettes)
to reduce interferenceEverybody can use the spectrum as long as the etiquettes are followed.
Market based accessWell defined exclusive rightsMaximum right of flexibility as to the type of services that can be
providedA market type mechanism such as an auction for an initial allocation of
spectrum rightsSecondary market in which these rights can be sold or leased
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Access models
Market based access
licensee
Cognitive radio
licensee
Spotmarket
CR
licensee
Cognitive radio
OSA
CR CR
License exempt white spot access
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What regulatory problems are DSA systems facing?
Exclusive rights in most bandsRights restricted to a single service or technology
New technologies have to adapt to the history but do not fit in the current regime
However …There is no regulation that prevents the introduction of DSA systems
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What needs to be done?More flexibility in the use of frequencies
More flexibility in the assignment of frequencies and trading thereof
Conditions for opportunistic spectrum accessSpectrum sensing limitTransmitter parameters
Additional means for information gathering on spectrum usagePilot channelDatabase
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International regulations - Agenda WRC 20111.19 to consider regulatory measures and their relevance, in order to enable the introduction of software-defined radio and cognitive radio systems, based on the results of ITU-R studies, in accordance with Resolution 956 (WRC-07);
1.2 taking into account the ITU-R studies carried out in accordance with Resolution 951 (Rev.WRC-07), to take appropriate action with a view to enhancing the international regulatory framework;
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European activitiesMore flexibility in the use of spectrumRSPG Opinion on WAPECS RSPG05-102
Increasing use of market mechanismRSPG Opinion on Secondary Trading RSPG04-54
Preliminary CEPT Study on the Use of Cognitive Radio in the TV bandsBased on spectrum sensing (OSA)Amount of white space is limited
Tight broadcast planningTV band also used for Program Making and special Event ServicesHarmonised subband for fixed/mobile use
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Opportunistic accessStrict rules needed to keep the interference to the primary users at an acceptable level
Such rules should promote fair sharing of spectrum resources among OSA devices
Possibly a database with information on primary use
No guarantee to spectrum accessLikelihood of interferenceLimited
Cooperation needed between regulators and standardization bodies to keep the rules up to dateNeed for a harmonized band to start the ball roling
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Market based accessActive coordination between usersPossibility to earn money with unused spectrumPossibility for a spot market and long term contractsPossibility for distribution of access based on actual use
Can even be used to ease cross border coordinationSharing based on acceptable interference
QoS part of the negotiations
Well defined exclusive licenses granted to primary users or brokersAs few usage restrictions as possibleNo barriers to instant tradingElectronic information about ownershipand actual usage should be available
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Today's radios are still based on the principles out of the time of the crystal radio
Huge potentials for an increased efficiencyFair distribution of access based on actual usage
More flexibility needed in both technology and regulations
Do not focus only on uncoordinated Opportunistic Spectrum Access
Need for cooperation
Concluding remarks