Crossing the Longest Yard: Eight Strategies for Creating Knowledge from a Glut of Data
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Transcript of Crossing the Longest Yard: Eight Strategies for Creating Knowledge from a Glut of Data
Crossing the Longest Yard: Crossing the Longest Yard: Eight Strategies for Creating Knowledge Eight Strategies for Creating Knowledge
from a Glut of Datafrom a Glut of Data
Dr. David L. HallDr. David L. HallSchool of Information Sciences and TechnologySchool of Information Sciences and Technology
The Pennsylvania State UniversityThe Pennsylvania State University
Sonya A. H. McMullenSonya A. H. McMullenTeach Reach Inc.Teach Reach Inc.
The Evolving ProblemThe Evolving Problem
Assessing and digesting enormous Assessing and digesting enormous quantities of dataquantities of data
Developing an accurate threat or Developing an accurate threat or situation assessmentsituation assessment
Decision makingDecision making
Assessing the resultAssessing the result
Multitude of Data SourcesMultitude of Data SourcesNational SIGINT AssetsNational SIGINT Assets
Tactical SIGINT Assets:Tactical SIGINT Assets:– AircraftAircraft– Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)– Ground-based SensorsGround-based Sensors
Nano and Micro-scale sensorsNano and Micro-scale sensors– Smart DustSmart Dust
HUMINTHUMINT
Open Source Open Source
Traditional View of Processing Traditional View of Processing Intelligence DataIntelligence Data
Energy Signals Data State vectors Labels Knowledge
The utility of a data fusion system must be measured by the extent to which it supports effective decision making
Energy Signals Data State vectors Labels Knowledge
The utility of a data fusion system must be measured by the extent to which it supports effective decision making
Glut of Data “Problem”Glut of Data “Problem”Lots of data in multiple forms:Lots of data in multiple forms:– COMINTCOMINT– SIGINTSIGINT– IMINTIMINT– HUMINTHUMINT
Data is not housed in a single Data is not housed in a single repository or data baserepository or data baseNot enough analystsNot enough analystsCollaboration limitationsCollaboration limitations
Proposed SolutionsProposed Solutions
More:More:– Pattern RecognitionPattern Recognition– Machine Learning MethodsMachine Learning Methods– Advanced FilteringAdvanced Filtering– Data MiningData Mining
Proposed Solution FallaciesProposed Solution Fallacies
It is just a matter of “finding the It is just a matter of “finding the needle in the haystack”needle in the haystack”
Knowledge creation involves human Knowledge creation involves human collaborationcollaboration
Knowledge is inherently a human Knowledge is inherently a human productproduct
The approach starts at the “wrong The approach starts at the “wrong end”end”
Strategies for Resolving the Strategies for Resolving the Knowledge Creation ProblemKnowledge Creation Problem
Increase the bandwidth:Increase the bandwidth: Make Make computer displays largercomputer displays larger
Fly-by-wire:Fly-by-wire: Use gaming techniques Use gaming techniques to “physically” access datato “physically” access data
Use multiple senses:Use multiple senses: Vision + Vision + hearing + haptic hearing + haptic
Gaming Concept for DataGaming Concept for Data
Strategies for Resolving the Strategies for Resolving the Knowledge Creation ProblemKnowledge Creation Problem
Conserve analyst attention:Conserve analyst attention: – Deliberate synesthesia – Transforming Deliberate synesthesia – Transforming
data from one sensory domain to data from one sensory domain to another another
– Use other techniques to focus the Use other techniques to focus the attention of the analystattention of the analyst
Leverage the power of languageLeverage the power of language
Focus on negative spaceFocus on negative space
Negative Space ExampleNegative Space Example
Strategies for Resolving the Strategies for Resolving the Knowledge Creation ProblemKnowledge Creation Problem
Create cyber cognitive multipliers:Create cyber cognitive multipliers:– ““The Matrix Approach” – Agents in The Matrix Approach” – Agents in
cyber-space can replicate themselvescyber-space can replicate themselves– Mixed teams of analysts, intelligent Mixed teams of analysts, intelligent
team-based agents, and decision-team-based agents, and decision-makers makers
Adapt to individual users:Adapt to individual users: Interfaces Interfaces that learn the preferences of and that learn the preferences of and “fit” individual users“fit” individual users
““The Matrix Approach”The Matrix Approach”
Summary of Improvement StrategiesSummary of Improvement StrategiesStrategyStrategy Anticipated Anticipated
Improvement Improvement FactorFactor
Increase the bandwidthIncrease the bandwidth 50x50x
Fly-by-wireFly-by-wire 10x10x
Use multiple sensesUse multiple senses 10x10x
Conserve analyst attentionConserve analyst attention 50x50x
Leverage the power of languageLeverage the power of language 100x - 1000x100x - 1000x
Negative spaceNegative space 10x - 100x10x - 100x
Cognitive multipliersCognitive multipliers 20x - 100x20x - 100x
Adapt to individualsAdapt to individuals 10x10x
Total Potential ImprovementTotal Potential Improvement 260x-1430x260x-1430x
RecommendationsRecommendations
Develop two realistic scenarios and Develop two realistic scenarios and associated data sets to test associated data sets to test strategiesstrategies
Conduct some knowledge elicitation Conduct some knowledge elicitation from “real” analystsfrom “real” analysts
RecommendationsRecommendations
Evaluate the effectiveness of Evaluate the effectiveness of implemented tools using the Living implemented tools using the Living Laboratory approachLaboratory approach
Transition selected tools to real Transition selected tools to real environmentsenvironments
Living Laboratory ConceptLiving Laboratory Concept
Ethnography Studies
Design & Development of Support Tools
TransactiveMemory
Visualization Tools Collaboration Aids Cognitive AidsNGA
9/11 Crisis Centers
. . .
KnowledgeEngineering
Concept & Procedural Maps
Living Laboratory Environment
Scenarios to Drive Team Experiments
DTRA
Applications and Knowledge Domains
NGA KRSOC 9/11A unique living laboratoryenvironment provides the
ability to support the design of effective analyst
support tools and to quantify their utility
Ethnography Studies
Design & Development of Support Tools
TransactiveMemory
Visualization Tools Collaboration Aids Cognitive AidsNGA
9/11 Crisis Centers
. . .
KnowledgeEngineering
Concept & Procedural Maps
Living Laboratory Environment
Scenarios to Drive Team Experiments
DTRA
Applications and Knowledge Domains
NGA KRSOC 9/11A unique living laboratoryenvironment provides the
ability to support the design of effective analyst
support tools and to quantify their utility
Questions?Questions?
Crossing the Longest Crossing the Longest Yard.docYard.doc