Critical Infrastructure and Hyogo Framework for Action

Andrei IatseniaSenior Advisor, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

(UN/ISDR)

International Conference Helsinki, 5 October 2007

www.unisdr.org

Overview

I Global data and trends on “natural” disasters

UN ISDR & Hyogo Framework for Action

IIIII

Critical Infrastructure – the Need for Multi-stakeholder Engagement

I Global Data and trends on “natural” disasters

I Global Data and trends on “natural” disasters

Global Hotspot study (World Bank)

25 million km sq. and 3.4 billion people are relatively highly exposed to at least one natural hazard; 105 million people are

relatively highly exposed to three or more hazards.

= lowest 40%= middle 30%= highest 20%

Economic Losses & Benefits of Disaster Risk Reduction (prevention and mitigation)

• “Money spent on reducing the risk of natural hazards is a sound investment. On average, a $1 investment in hazard mitigation provides the nation with $4 in future benefits.” - study of the Multihazard Mitigation Council of the USA, Dec. 2005, available at: www.nibs.org/MMC/mmchome.html)

Invest to prevent, mitigate, and prepare: Disaster Risk Reduction is sound investment for sustainable development

Identification of hazards/vulnerability; monitoring and management of risk are integral to sustainable development.

Can sustainable development be achieved without taking into account the risk of natural hazards?

Short answer: NO!

Can sustainable development be achieved without taking into account the risk of natural hazards?

Short answer: NO! (cont’d)• Risks will always remain,

and if we do not manage these risks well, they could lead to disasters.

• Address root-causes of vulnerability: human, social, economic, environmental, scientific, technical-physical factors

The UN ISDR & The Hyogo Framework for Action II

Disaster Risk Reduction – An Agenda in Progress

•1989: IDNDR 1990-1999

•1994: Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action

•2000: International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)

•2002: Johannesburg Plan of Implementation- WSSD

•2005: WCDR - Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

Launched in 2000 by UN General Assembly Resolution A/54/219 as successor of the International Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction –IDNDR, 1990-1999

- Secretariat- System (objective, instrument, vehicle)

National level : -National Platforms for DRR established in 35 countries and 5 UK territories, 105 countries designated HFA focal points,

Regional level: -Regional strategies – Asia (Beijing Plan of Action), Africa (AU/NEPAD), Europe (Council of Europe), Pacific (Madang Framework)

-- Regional cooperation – ISDR Asia Partnership, collaborative centers, initiatives of drought (China), seismic risk (Iran), etc.

International level: - Engagement of different sectors i.e. environment, education, health- Engagment of more NGO actors (ActionAid, Care, Tearfund)- Increased commitment – UN agencies, WB/GFDRR, Regional Development Banks, EC, Private Sector

Progress in implementation of the HFA

III Critical Infrastructure -the Need for Multi-stakeholder Engagement

Why is there a need for multi-stakeholder approach to pre-disaster risk management of critical

infrastructre?• Pre versus post disaster risk management• The magnifying effect of global complexity• The increasing frequency of natural disasters• Single stakeholder versus multi-stakeholder activities

“While technological innovation, globalisation, the growing interdependence of critical networks, and the high concentration of populations and assets all have their well-recognised positive effects, they also dramatically increase vulnerabilities to natural, technological and terrorism hazards.”

Angel Gurria (OECD Secretary General) September 2006

Example: The risk landscape of Switzerland

very minorminor average major disastrous

devastating

Adapted from:Risk Profile Switzerland, 1999

Probability over the next 25 years

Impact onSwitzerland

highly probable30% to 100%

probable 3% to 30%

less probable 0.3% to 3 %

improbable 0.03% to 0.3%

highly improbable 0.003% to 0.03%

Integration ghetto

Crisis in health system

Flood

Chemical accident

Dam collapse

Nuclear accident

Extremism/ terrorism

Organised crime

Greenhouse effect

Loss of cultivated land and species

Shortage of strategic goods

Dependency on addictive drugs

Watershortage

Informationwarfare

Earthquake

Ageing

Use of weapons of mass destruction

Storm

Loss of national cohesion

Energy shortage

Drought/heat wave

Diseases/epidemics

Source: Swiss Re, May 2007

What is needed? Risk sharing

Events minor medium large catastrophic

Size of loss

Policyholders

Insurers

Global reinsurance

Governments

Capital markets

Source: Swiss Re, May 2007

• Governments are exposed to a variety of risks– explicitly – by default as (re-)insurer of last resort

• Typically, losses are financed post event (emergency funding)

• Most governments are aware of their most prevalent exposures

• Some governments apply a systematic risk management process:

Identification AdaptationAssessment Mitigation

Why is there a Risk Management Need of the Public Sector?

Source: Swiss Re, May 2007

Why should the private sector care about reducing disaster risk and contribute to the

Hyogo Framework of Action?

* The cost-benefit ratio of disaster mitigation is 4:1Building a disaster resilient business will:- reduce costs- limit exposures- maintain operating continuity- protect employees, property, reputation, corporate value, and a competitive market place position.

Way Forward for National Governments

• Establish Multistakeholder National Platforms• Revise policies and legislation to address DRR • Integrate risk reduction in Overseas Development

Assistance with certain percentage of humanitarian assistance going towards reducing the risk from future disasters

• Develop comprehensive National Plans for DRR• Start risk reduction dialogues and engage

communities and businesses in public-private partnerships to reduce shared risks.

"Climate change is expected to cause more severe and more frequent natural hazards. As our cities and coasts grow more vulnerable, these hazards can lead to disasters that are far worse than those we have seen to date. We have a moral, social and economic obligation to build resilience by 2015. Implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action will also help us reach the Millennium Development Goals."

Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2007