Critical elements of e-learning
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Transcript of Critical elements of e-learning
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Critical elements of e-learningNathaniel Louwrens
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5 Key elements
Gunawardena & Zittle (1996)› Learner-centeredness› Interaction› Social presence› Collaboration› Cognitive strategies
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Learner-centeredness
Learner› Not a passive recipient› Is an active participant› Has ownership
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Learner-centeredness
Implications for Teacher› Develop resources› Facilitate discussion› Encourage critical
thinking
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Interaction
Develops social presence Begins collaboration Types
› Student-content› Student-teacher› Student-student
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Interaction
Implications for teacher› Structure interactions into
course› Familiarity with communication
tools› Troubleshooter› Mediator and/or counsellor http://www.flickr.com/photos/ableman/
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Social presence
Portrayed as a ‘real’ person› Through discussion & interaction
Relationship with perceived learning Key to success
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Social presence
Implications for teacher› Teacher presence› Safe environment› Give prompt responses/
feedback› Planned interactions› Interactive and collaborative
activities
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Collaboration
Development of shared understanding of concepts.
Development of critical thinking and interpersonal skills.
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Collaboration
Implication for teachers› Need to have skills with a
range of communication/conferencing tools.
› Specific interactionsstructured into learning.
› Facilitate/guide thelearning http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikecogh
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Cognitive strategies
Help learners to scaffoldcomplex concepts
Steps/strategies to enablea learner to performdifficult tasks
Strategies include usingvideo clips & animations.
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Cognitive strategies
Implications for teachers› Familiarity with content› Good understanding
of the strategy› Expertise in online tools.
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References Garrison, D. R. (2007). Online community of inquiry review: Social, cognitive and
teaching presence issues. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 11(1). Garrison, D. R., & Cleveland-Innes, M. (2005). Facilitating cognitive presence in
online learning: Interaction is not enough. American Journal of Distance Education, 19(3), 133.
Gunawardena, C. N., & Zittle, R. (1996). An examination of teaching and learning processes in distance education and implications for designing instruction. Paper presented at the Distance Education Symposium 3: Instruction, State College, PA.
Rovai, A. P. (2004). A constructivist approach to online college learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 7(2), 79-93. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2003.10.002