Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... ·...

25
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP For Integrated Child Development Services(ICDS) By Neha Niharika Masters in Business Administration 2011-2013 Birla Institute Of Technology, Mesra Ranchi

Transcript of Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... ·...

Page 1: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

SUMMER INTERNSHIP

PROJECT REPORT

ON

Criteria for Selection of

Beneficiaries under SNP

For

Integrated Child Development Services(ICDS)

By

Neha Niharika

Masters in Business Administration

2011-2013

Birla Institute Of Technology, Mesra

Ranchi

Page 2: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

DECLARATION

I, Neha Niharika declare that this project titled ―Criteria for Selection of

Beneficiaries Under SNP in Patna region has been completed by me at

Integrated Child Development Services, Patna . I further declare that this is my

original work as part of my Summer Internship.

Date: (Signature)

Place:

Page 3: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Acknowledgement

It gives me immense pleasure to present the project report on Criteria for

Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP. No work can be carried out without the

help and guidance of various persons.

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Praveen Kishore,

Director, ICDS, for selecting me for Summer Internship. Abha Madam for

providing valuable inputs for the project. I also thank CDPO, Supervisor and

Anganwadi workers of Patna Block for their guidance and lastly would like to

thank all those who directly or indirectly contributed in the completion of the

project.

Neha Niharika

Page 4: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Student Name: Neha Niharika Organization Name: Integrated Child Development Services

Project Title: Criteria for selection of Beneficiaries under

Supplementary Nutrition Program.

Project Duration: 7 weeks

Reporting Period: May 16th 2012 to July 2nd 2012

Education Institute: MBA (2011-13) Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra

Page 5: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................

Background.....................................................................................................

Specific Background For Study.........................................................................

SNP.......................................................................................................................

LITREATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................................

APPROACH & METHODOLOGY..................................................................................

Primary Objective.....................................................................................

Secondary Objective.................................................................................

Scope of Work..........................................................................................

Methodology............................................................................................

Sample Size...............................................................................................

SNP In BIHAR............................................................................................................

AWW based DFM......................................................................................

SN provision At AWC................................................................................

Norms of Supplementary nutrition..........................................................

Type of Meal & Quantity...........................................................................

Budgetary provision for SNP......................................................................

Findings & Observation...............................................................................................

Recommendations.......................................................................................................

Reference............................................................................................................................

Annexure

Page 6: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

INTRODUCTION

Background The Supplementary Nutrition Program (SN) is one of the six components of the ICDS

scheme of the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MOWCD). It is the largest

program of its kind in the world. While its purposes have become broader and more complex

over time, the main objective of the Supplementary Nutrition is to reduce malnutrition

amongst targeted beneficiaries. ICDS is the only Government Of India nutrition program

whose coverage extends to infants and children below six years, pregnant & lactating women

and vulnerable adolescent girls. Currently ICDS is operating under several new mandates

based on rulings from India’s Supreme Court and incorporated into the 11th Five-Year plan.

These includes:

1. Universalize the ICDS program. This means that the network of Anganwadi Centers

(AWC) should be extended to cover every child below six, as well as all pregnant

women and nursing mothers and eligible adolescent girls throughout the country.

2. Decentralize the Supplementary Nutrition to ensure community participation in the

process of food provision.

These services are delivered to pregnant and nursing mothers and preschool children (up to 6

years) through Anganwadi Centres (AWCs) set up at the community level.

The ICDS programme in Bihar has 80,797 sanctioned AWCs and 79,086 functional AWCs

across 544 blocks/ projects in 38 districts. Supplementary nutrition is known as Poshahar in

Bihar. The Anganwadi Worker who manages the AWC is responsible for providing hot

cooked meal to children 3-6 years of age attending AWC for 25 days in a month throughout

the year. The AWW receives funds for Poshahar from ICDS Directorate as per the fixed

financial norms. In addition to Supplementary nutrition, Pre-school non-formal education,

Nutrition & health education, Immunization, Referral services and health check up services

are also provided by the AWC.

The ICDS team comprises the Anganwadi Workers, Anganwadi Helpers, Supervisors, Child

Development Project Officers (CDPOs) and District Programme Officers (DPOs), ICDS

Directorate and Social Welfare Department

Page 7: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Specific Background for the Study

As compared to other states, Bihar has not only more poverty but the proportion of children

in the overall population is also more. Though Bihar’s share in India’s population is one-

twelfth, it accounts for one-seventh of those living below the poverty line, and one-sixth of

the malnourished children. About four-fifths of children in the age group 6 to 35 months in

Bihar are anaemic. The state government has taken several steps to improve the nutritional

status of the target beneficiaries. It is important to find who are the beneficiaries and their

number. and is equally important to find the poorest and marginalized groups – who are being

excluded in limiting Supplementary Nutrition Program. Aim of ICDS is to provide SNP

(Poshahar) to every needy person.

Supplementary Nutrition Program

The ICDS programme in Bihar has 80,797 sanctioned AWCs and 79,086 functional AWCs

and 5440 mini AWCs across 544 blocks/ projects in 38 districts. Supplementary nutrition is

known as Poshahar in Bihar. Though Bihar’s share in India’s population is one-twelvth, it

accounts for one-seventh of those living below the poverty line, and one-sixth of the

malnourished children. About four-fifths of children in the age group 6 to 35 months in Bihar

are anaemic. There is a serious shortfall in the number of ICDS centres. Being a poor state, it

finds difficult to arrange for state funds, but what is unfortunate is the fact that whatever

funds are provided by Government Of India are not fully accessed due to procedural logjams.

Example of Feeding records of the block visited

Block

no

Name of the

Sevika

Name of the

Sahika

Whether Hot meal was served on Day of

visit

17 Kanti Devi Sita Devi yes

19 Chanchala

Kumari

Manorma Devi THR was distributed

18 Nilu Kumari Shanti Devi No( closed)

59 Ranu Kumari Meera Devi Yes

78 Minakshi Kumari - Yes

84 Sangeeta Kumari Gauri Devi Yes

Page 8: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

LITERATURE REVIEW

India and Bihar India is world's largest democracy with more than 1.2 billion people. It is today one of the

fastest growing countries of the world, an emerging power. India is an ancient civilization,

comprising of high levels of not only physical and spatial diversity but even striking levels of

social, cultural, religious and linguistics diversity. Yet, India has a strong underlying unity

and identity, which makes it stand out as a nation since time immemorial.

Bihar is one of the 29 states of India, occupying an area of 98 thousand sq km

(roughly equal to south korea) amidst Indo-Gangatic plains of fertile agricultural land and

perennial rivers. With the highest population density among Indian states(1102 person per sq.

km.), it is the third most populous state in India being home to 104 million people, which

makes it larger than most of the countries of the world. Bihar is one of the poorest and least

developed states of India in terms of most of the development indicators – per capita income,

various health and educational indicators, industrial and agricultural activities etc.

However, for past 6 years, Bihar has been growing at a rapid rate under the new

government, achieving a per annum growth rate of 12%, making it the fastest growing state

in India. Further, Bihar has a very rich cultural and historical heritage, spanning more than

3000 years, being the birth place of Lord Buddha and King Ashoka and home to arguably the

first republic in the world.

The ICDS Programme in Bihar

The Social Welfare Department (SWD), Government of Bihar is responsible for

implementing a whole range of programmes and schemes for the social up liftment of

the poorest of the poor people in Bihar, especially women and children. ICDS Directorate

under SWD is mandated to run ICDS, the largest welfare programme in the state targeted at

children up to the age of 6 years, pregnant women and new mothers (and now adolescent

girls too).

In Bihar, the ICDS programme today out to more than four million children under six

years of reaches age and around one million expectant and nursing mothers. Of these, nearly

two million children (between the ages of three to six) also participate in centre-based

preschool education activities. These expectant and nursing mothers and children under the

age of 6 reached through around 91,000 Anganwadi Centres (AWCs). Each AWC has a

trained, community based Anganwadi Worker (AWWs) and an equal number of Anganwadi

Helpers (AWHs). The AWCs are managed through ICDS programme in Bihar consisting of a

hierarchy of 544 projects under 38 districts covering all community development blocks

(administrative units). In line with the national programme, the key services that the AWCs in

Bihar are mandated to deliver are:

Improving the nutritional and health status of children below the age of six years.

Laying the foundation for the proper psychological, physical and social development of the

child.

Reducing the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropouts.

Achieving effective coordination of policy and implementation among various departments

to promote child development.

Page 9: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Enhancing the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional

needs of the child, through proper health and nutrition education.

Page 10: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

APPROACH & METHODOLOGY

Primary Objective: Project has following objective

To improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age group 0-6 years,

pregnant mother and Lactating mother.

To identify the criteria which is being used to select the beneficiaries.

Finding out the poorest and marginalized groups – who are being excluded in

limiting Supplementary Nutrition Program.

To identify constraints and bottlenecks.

Secondary Objective:

Quality of Food raw material and food provided in SNP.

No of Days food provided

Quantity of ration distributed at the day of THR.

SCPOE OF WORK: 1. Random selection of samples

2. Development of tools for data collection

3. Data collection on the basis of approved tools

4. Analysis of the data

5. Report writing

6. Submission of the report

METHODOLOGY TO BE FOLLOWED:

The methodology of the study would be collection of primary data through field visits. The

data will be collected with the help of District Programme Officer and CDPO

SAMPLE SIZE: Patna District is taken as a Sample Size and out of that an Area is

selected and out of that AWC is taken through random Sampling.

Page 11: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

SNP IN BIHAR

AWW based DFM

Bihar follows decentralized food model (DFM) for SN where in it utilizes the Anganwadi

Centre (AWC) for procuring, cooking and serving food to the children. The food is bought,

cooked and served daily by the Anganwadi Worker (AWW) and her helper. This activity is

monitored by a group called the Food Procurement and Monitoring Committee, which

consists of two mothers, a locally elected village representative, and the AWC worker. This

model has been scaled up across the entire State.

The Bihar DFM has not yet universalised the coverage because of lack of funds and relies

entirely on the ICDS “norm” of 99 program participants per centre, (This comprises of 40-

6month-3year children (28 normal and 12 malnourished); 40 – 3-6year children; 8 pregnant

and 8 lactating mothers and 3 adolescent girls. ) and the AWC worker receives a fixed

amount of funds (transferred into AWC account) every month. The program’s “information”

system is also simply based on these norms, reporting the same fixed number of program

participants every day, regardless of actual attendance. Bihar has also experimented with a

“community kitchen” staffed by members from SHGs who produce prepared and packaged

food that can be provided to approximately 20 AWCs. Many studies have pointed out regular

interruptions of food supply either due to non transfer of fund or various other reasons; and

leakages, especially in the THR which were not always supplied regularly or consistently.

SN Provision at AWC

From April 2009 onwards, a total amount of Rs10,975 is being provided to each AWC per

month, this amount has been Increased from Rs. 5302.5 which was provided till March 2009.

The amount is transferred through a bank account operated by the president of the committee

and the AWW. This figure has been reached taking into account the 99 norm and taking the

following norms for different categories of beneficiaries:

6 months-6 years children: 100 grams Rice/Wheat/Maize and 50 grams of lentils

Pregnant and Lactating Months and Adolescent Girls: 120 grams Rice/Wheat/Maize and

60 grams of lentils

Severely Malnourished Children - 160 grams Rice/Wheat/Maize and 80 grams of lentils.

Page 12: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Norms for supplementary nutrition Table 1: Norms of ICDS for SNP

Number of beneficiary

Number of days per month

Number of days per year

Energy (Kcal)

Proteins (grams)

1.Children 3-6 years 40 25 300 500 12 -15

2. Children 6m to 3 years 40 25 300 500 12-15

1. Malnourished children 28 25 300 500 12 - 15

2. Severely malnourished children

12 25 300 800 20 - 25

3. Pregnant / Nursing mothers 16 25 300 600 18 - 20

4. Adolescent girls 3 25 300 600 18 - 20

Note: Now adolescent girl has been removed from this scheme and for them new scheme known as

“sabla” has been launched.

Type of Meal and Quantity Table 2: Menu and Days

Days Menu Child (40 nos) Adolescent Girl (3 nos)

HOT MEAL PER DAY ( 25 Days)

Monday Khichari 160 gm. 195 gm.

Tuesday Rasia 140 gm. 200 gm.

Wednesday Khichari 160 gm. 195 gm.

Thursday Halwa 130 gm. 155 gm.

Friday Pulao 155 gm. 195 gm.

Saturday Khichari 160 gm. 195 gm.

TAKE HOME RATION (THR) FOR 25 DAYS

Item Child (6 M-3yr.)-28 nos.

Severely Malnutritioned Child (6M-3 Yr.)-12 nos.

Pregnant /Lactating Mother-16 nos.

Rice 2.5 KG 4 KG 3 KG

Chana Dal 1.25 KG 2 KG 1.5 KG

Budgetary Provision for SNF

Table 3: Budget for SNF

Category No. under 99 model

Type of Food provided

Food Budget

Child 0-3 Years 40 (28+12)

THR Rs. 4 /day (normal) Rs. 6/ day (SM)

Pregnant Women 08 THR Rs. 5/day

Lactating Mother 08 THR Rs. 5 /day

Child 3-6 Year 40 Hot meal Rs. 4 /day

Page 13: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Adolescent Girl 03 Hot Meal Rs. 4/ day

TOTAL 99 Rs. 10,975 / Month / AWC

Monthly SN Budget per AWC is Rs. 10,975/- at full capacity of 99 beneficiaries

Note: Now SN budget per AWC is Rs. 10,600/- at full capacity of 96

beneficiaries as adolescent girl has been removed from the scheme.

Page 14: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

FINDINGS & OBSERVATIONS

Coverage of Beneficiaries As per 2011 census, Total Population of Bihar is 10.38 Crore of which population in the age group of 0-6yrs is

1.86 crore (17.90% of total population). After adjusting the population of child between 0-6 months the

population of child between 6m - 6yrs comes to around 1.71 crores. As per the ICDS data total coverage of

beneficiaries between 6m -6yrs is around 0.35 Crore. It shows that only 20.47% of the targeted children ( 6m-

6yrs) are covered under SNP.

Similarly the total female population of Bihar is around 5 Crore, whereas the estimated population of pregnant

women and lactating mother is around 16.6 lakhs. Present coverage of Pregnant and lactating mothers under

SNP is around 7.1 lakhs which means only around 42.77% of the targeted pregnant and lactating mothers are

covered under SNP.

Bihar follows 99 beneficiary model at each AWC which includes 56 beneficiaries for THR and 43 beneficiaries for

hot meal at AWC. But now 3 adoloscent girl to whom hot meal was provided is removed from this scheme and

for them new scheme is launched known as “Sabla”. Hence now it follows 96 beneficiary model and AWC get’s

Rs 10,600 per month for THR and Hot Meal. Now as per Supreme Court direction, state is gearing up for

universal coverage of targeted beneficiaries. The sample study attempted to know the % registration of targeted

population at AWC and the findings (based on survey of targeted population done by AWW in their coverage

area) are as follows:

Percent Eligible enrolled as Beneficiaries:

% of Beneficiaries get enrolled

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

6 months-3 years 3 years- 6years pregnant women nursing mother

Page 15: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Around 40% of child of age 6m-3yr., 38% of child of age 3-6 yr., 100% of pregnant women, and 45% of

nursing mothers are registered with AWC.

Further out of those registered with AWCs only 83% are getting SNF (THR / Hot Meal). The reported

reason for low utilization of SNF is mainly because of either distance of AWC from the household, or irregular

distribution of SNF or non availability of family members to collect food from AWC.

Criteria for Selecting Beneficiaries according to AWW

Inference: According to AWW they select beneficiaries mostly on the basis of economic status and

nutrition status.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

economic statusnutrition status caste first come first enroll

willingness to send

Page 16: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Criteria for Selecting Beneficiaries in reality (according to survey) by AWW

Inference: According to the survey, criteria for selection of beneficiaries was good relationship with AWW of the

child’s parent, economic status and then willingness to send their children to Anganwadi school by their parents.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

economic status

nutrition status Caste good relation with AWW

willingness to send

others

Page 17: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Reason for changing the name of Beneficiaries from the Posahar Register

Inference: Name in the register changes mostly because of Benefit Age Crossed and because they are enrolled

to new school.

Reason for changing the name of Beneficiaries from the THR Register

Inference: Mostly name in register changes because benefit criteria is over and there is change of residence.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

change of residence

benefit age crossed

enrolled to new school

improved economic status

of parents

others

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

change of residence

benefit criteria over

improved health condition

improved economic status

others

Page 18: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Table 4: SNP Distribution last month(April)

THR in last 3month

Total Registered (No.) 56

Received (%) 83

Hot Meal in Last month

Total Registered (No.) 43

Received (%) 75

Quality, Quantity and Acceptance of Food Ensuring quality of SNF is one of the key challenges. Present arrangement is weak in this

respect. Study shows poor community awareness on provisions under SNP particularly on

quality and quantity. 18% of beneficiaries / community members reported distribution of

poor quality food and 29% reported that quantity provided is less than quantity

recommended.

Monitoring & Supervision Continuous monitoring of procurement, processing and distribution is prerequisite for timely

corrective action and for planning. Under ICDS scheme at central level Ministry of Women

and Child Development has the overall responsibility of monitoring the ICDS scheme

including SNP. Each state sends state level consolidated report by 17th

day of the following

month. The information received in the prescribed format is compiled, processed and

analysed at the central level on quarterly basis. At State level the monthly progress report sent

by the CDPOs are compiled and is forwarded to Ministry of Women and Child Development

Govt. of India by 17th

day of the following month . At Block level CDPO collects monthly

report MPR from each AWC and the compiled report is sent to the State Govt. by 7th

day of

the following month. At Grass root levels AWWs sends the MPR by 5th

day of following

month to CDPO.

Apart from MPR at project level the SNP activity at AWCs is monitored through field

visit by Supervisor and CDPOs. At district level DPOs are responsible for monitoring and

supervision. At State level the Directorate of ICDS is responsible for monitoring of SN

activities within the State.

To monitor procurement, supply, consumption, quality and fund utilization of SNP , different

arrangements have been made at different levels but all these arrangements are not very

effective and there is wide scope for strengthening of monitoring systems. Study shows that

on an average, CDPO visits the Anganwadi centre 4 times in a year whereas Supervisor visits

for 6-8 times in a year. Visit of CDPO is low. At project level, monitoring is done by the

Supervisor and CDPO and at District level DPO does the monitoring. At AWC level key SNP

parameters to be monitored are: Attendance of beneficiaries, Procurement & Supply of food

/ food Raw materials, Food Stock , Fund Utilization etc.

Page 19: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Summary of Key Recommendations

Children under six have been grossly neglected for a long time in Indian planning, and the

country is paying a heavy price for this today. The 11th Plan presents an opportunity to

correct this bias and give children their due. However, this cannot be done through marginal

expansion or superficial “reform” of existing child development programmes. It requires

bold initiative, new strategies and – not least – a massive increase in financial allocations for

children under six.

General Principles:

Rights approach: This framework recognizes that child care, health care, nutrition and

development are basic rights of all Indian children.

Age-specific interventions: Attention has to be paid to the varying requirements of

different age groups (specifically, 0-6 months, 6 months to 3 years, and 3-6 years), and to the

need for corresponding interventions.

Three core interventions: These interventions involve the integration of three related

systems, focusing respectively on: (i) food and nutrition; (ii) health services; and (iii) child

care.

Role of ICDS: Many of these interventions can be taken care of through the Integrated

Child Development Services (ICDS), provided its initial vision is revived.

Complementary strategies: However, other institutional arrangements are also required,

including (i) maternity entitlements; (ii) crèches and child care arrangements; (iii)

institutionalized support for “infant and young child feeding” (especially breastfeeding).

Convergence: Effective strategies for children under six also require active

“convergence” between core programmes, especially ICDS, the National Rural Health

Mission (NRHM) and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.

Community Action: Various forms of community action need to be promoted. These

include monitoring and supporting the local Anganwadi, selection and evaluation of

Anganwadi workers, participatory planning, use of untied grants, etc. This process should be

adequately planned, budgeted for and institutionalised.

Capacity Building: Major investments in capacity building and training are required at

all levels, all the more so as early child care and development (ECCD) is poorly understood.

Programmes of such scale and complexity as ICDS cannot succeed without extensive

investments in improving management skills and practices.

Administrative Reforms: Capacity building and decentralization are essential, but not

sufficient conditions of improved governance. There needs to be a central mechanism that

sets standards, maintains quality, safeguards equity concerns, redresses uneven development

and allocates (and accounts for) resources in a transparent and equitable manner. This would

require improved institutional frameworks, improved workforce management policies and

professionalisation of management. Accountability at senior levels of administration and

governance needs to be measured through appropriate mechanisms, subjected to public

scrutiny and linked to flow of funds.

Page 20: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

ICDS: Key Recommendations

The following are particularly important:

Universalisation with Quality: “Universalisation with quality” should be the

overarching goal for ICDS in the 11th Plan. This would include raising the number of

Anganwadis to a minimum of 14 lakhs (with priority to disadvantaged groups), extending all

ICDS services to all children under and six and all eligible women, and improving the quality

of services.

Focus on Children Under Three: ICDS should give much greater priority to children

under the age of three years. This would include providing adequate incentives to ASHAs for

the relevant services (including home-based neonatal care, breastfeeding and nutrition

support), provision of nutritious take-home rations (THR), better training on issues related to

children under three, and the adoption of the “two-worker” model.

Two-worker model: Adequate care of children under three combined with effective

preschool education for children aged 3-6 years cannot be achieved without the involvement

of two Anganwadi workers (along with the Anganwadi helper).

Anganwadi-cum-crèches: Crèches ensure that adequate care and development

opportunities are available to children, whose mothers go for work outside the home

(especially if there are no adult carers at home). Crèches are required for children, in both the

0-3 and the 3-6 age groups, for the entire day. The Anganwadi centres can provide this

service in the village. To begin with, we recommend that 10% of all Anganwadis be

converted to Anganwadi-cum-crèches. This would be mean that these centres are open full

time, both the workers are present all day and are given additional training on running a

crèche.

Pre-school education: For children aged 3-6 years, pre-school education should be the

primary focus of ICDS activities. Aside from adoption of the two-worker model, this

requires appropriate training, infrastructure, equipment, supervision and support.

Nutrition programmes: For children in the age group of 3-6 years, the supplementary

nutrition programme (SNP) should be based on hot, cooked, nutritious meals, along the same

lines (and with the same financial norms) as the “mid-day meal” scheme in primary schools.

For younger children, it should be based on carefully-designed “take-home rations” (THR),

combined with nutrition counselling.

Page 21: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

RECOMMENDATIONS

Enhancing coverage of targeted beneficiaries

a) For universalization of program accordingly the infrastructure and fund support

needs to be augmented.

b) Ensure full survey of targeted beneficiaries within the AWC coverage area once in

a year.

c) Filling up of vacant positions of officers.

Ensuring uninterrupted Supply of Supplementary Nutrition to the

Anganwadis In order to ensure timely procurement and distribution of SNF.

a) Correct estimation of monthly/yearly requirement.

b) Adequate and timely transfer of SNF fund to AWC account.

Improving Quality of SNP provided a) It should be made mandatory to procure products of standard quality viz. ISI or

Agmark.

Enhancing Monitoring System Following actions are recommended for strengthening of monitoring system:

d) For monitoring procurement, distribution and quality assurance, third party

(SHGs, NGOs, Parent Group) may be entrusted the responsibility.

e) Strengthening of community based monitoring system through community

awareness

f) Monitoring Teams constituted at State and district level.

g) Periodic reports

Introduce Schemes for Workers a) It is recommended to introduce reward schemes to motivate the workers. A

system may be developed for rewarding Workers (AWW, AWS),AWC

b) Introduce exchange programme / field visit/ workshop for AWW .

Page 22: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Transparency Transparency in fund received, entitlement to beneficiary, procurement, quality, attendance

of beneficiary, distribution of THR and Hot Meal is most essential for building community

confidence in. To bring transparency in AWC activity following action is recommended:

a) Public Display of following information ( last 15 day information)

a. Beneficiary covered

b. Daily attendance

c. Details of fund received

d. Expenditure details

e. Daily stock of food raw materials

f. Entitlements to beneficiary

g. THR/ Hot Meal Distribution

b) Sharing of MPR with the Community.

Page 23: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Reference:

www.icdsbih.gov.in

www.google.com

Page 24: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

Questionnaire

The Questionnaire has three different Parts A and B

Part A

1. General Information

1.1 Code No. Of AWC

1.2 District

1.3 Name of AW Sevika

1.4 Name of AW Sahayika

2. Supplementary Nutrition

2.1 What are the criteria followed to enrol the beneficiaries at AWC. Specify 1= Economic Status 2= Nutrition Status 3= Caste 4= First come First Enroll 5= Willingness to send to AWC by parents 6= Other (Specify)

2.2 Do you change the name of beneficiaries in Posahar and THR register? o YES o NO

2.3 What are the reasons for changing names of beneficiaries in Posahar register? 1= change of residence 2= benefit age crossed 3= enrolled to new school 4=improved economic status of parents 5= others(specify)

2.4 What are the reasons for changing names of beneficiaries in THR register? 1= change of residence 2= benefit criteria over 3= benefit age crossed 4= improved health condition 5= improved economis status 6= others(specify)

3. Details of beneficiaries Covered under Supplementary Nutririon

3.1 Categories 6 months – 3 yrs.

3 yrs to 6 yrs Pregnant Women

Nursing Mothers

1. No. Recorded in the Survey Report

2. Total Current Enrollement

3. Attendance at the time of visit

4. No. Receiving THR

4. Distribution of Food

For THR No. Of Beneficiaries Registered with AWC

For THR No. Of beneficiary to whom food was provided

For Hot Meal No. Of Beneficiaries Registered with AWC

For Hot Meal No. Of beneficiary to whom Hot Meal was provided

Page 25: Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP - ICDS Bih internsip report NNeharika... · SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Criteria for Selection of Beneficiaries under SNP

5. Requirement of Food Raw Materials

Rice Wheat

Quality of Food raw Material 1=Good 2=Average 3=Poor 4=Rotten

6.Monitoring Mechanism No. Of Visit during last 6 Month

By CDPO

By Supervisor

PART B is for collecting information from Community on SN

I visited few Beneficiaries and Parents of Beneficiaries in the Community to ask about the Quality, Quantity and

their Satisfaction level of the SN Programme.

1.Information to be collected from community (Parents, Beneficiaries) on quality, quantity

and frequency of THR / Cooked Food

Name pf the

person interviewd

Category 1=beneficiary 2=Parent of Beneficiary

Comments of Community members on distribution of THR/Cokked Food

What is the criteria for selecting

Beneficiaries by AWW

according to you

On overall programme 1=Satisfied

2=Not satisfied

Quality of Food 1=Good/ 2=Average

3=Poor

Quantity Provided 1=Right Quantity

2= Not right

Quantity

Frequency (No. of days in a

month)