Gingival Recession: Review and Strategies in Treatment of Recession
Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case
-
Upload
fulton-howell -
Category
Documents
-
view
20 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case
![Page 1: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case
José Ángel Brandariz GarcíaUniversity of A Coruña, Spain
![Page 2: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
◦ Crimmigration theory (Stumpf, 2006)◦ Governing through crime (Simon, 2007)◦ Criminal Law of the Enemy (Jakobs, 1997; 2004)◦ Homo Sacer, State of Exception (Agamben, 1995; 2003)◦ Governmentality Studies (Foucault, 2004; Rose, 1999; Dean, 2010)
◦ Spanish Crimmigration policies Sovereign reading (Cancio Meliá, 2005; Iglesias Skulj, 2011; Navarro
Cardoso, 2006) Governmental reading (Calavita, 2005; Brandariz García, 2011)
Introduction. Theoretical framework
![Page 3: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
◦ Spain: very prominent phenomenon of migrants’ arrival Foreign population multiplied by 6 in 10 years (0.92 million -2000-
5.74 million -2010-) Government of phenomenon through sovereign measures (i.e.,
centres of detention, administrative removals, penal deportations) However: Less sovereign reading outcomes these policies
Outcome: Less exclusion than differential inclusion
Neo-liberalism and Sovereignty in Spanish Crimmigration policies
![Page 4: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
◦ Reviewing Literature context of crisis
◦ Spanish Government: innovations field Crimmigration policies
◦ Government’s main perspective: currently migrants are no longer necessary – Organizing return No major effects of this policy
Return migration solely certain nationals (Bolivia-born individuals: 16.1% drop; Brazil-born individuals: 14.2% drop between 01/2009 and 01/2012)
Total amount foreign population remained constant since beginning of Great Recession (5.64 million -12% total population- 01/2009; 5.71 million -12.1% total population- 01/2012)
Innovations in the field of Spanish Crimmigration policies since the beginning of the Great Recession
![Page 5: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Foreign Population in Spain (2000-2012)
Source: National Statistics Institute (INE), Spain
Year(1st January)
Foreign Pop. (Total/million)
Foreign Pop. (%/Total Pop.)
Year-on-Year Evolution (Total amount)
2000 0.923 2.2% + 23.3%
2001 1.370 3.3% + 48.4%
2002 1.977 4.7% + 44.3%
2003 2.664 6.2% + 34.7%
2004 3.034 7.0% + 13.8%
2005 3.730 8.4% + 22.9%
2006 4.144 9.2% + 11.0%
2007 4.519 9.9% + 9.0%
2008 5.268 11.4% + 16.5%
2009 5.648 12.0% + 7.2%
2010 5.747 12.2% + 1.7%
2011 5.751 12.2% + 0.1%
2012 5.711 12.1% - 0.7%
![Page 6: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
◦ Sovereign, exclusive measures/Measures bound to economic aims/management of efficiency
◦ 1st Innovation: (Re-)launch of racist raids main Spanish cities (since 2008) Spanish Government: Denial – Madrid’s data Previous Socialist Government → Police Order No. 1/2010: arrest of migrants –
irregular and regular alike- who do not carry residence permit Raids policy understood expression revival sovereign rationale of control context of
the crisis (aimed to: legitimize institutional governing employment shortages, ensure social cohesion, prevent emergence xenophobia)
However: Incorporation neo-liberal elements of control - Governmental organization of police profiling
Monthly quota of arrested irregular migrants – Moroccan nationals priority (Madrid, 2008) Raids policy not only expression of sovereign control - It incorporates neo-liberal
concern for efficiency
Innovations in the field of Spanish Crimmigration policies since the beginning of the Great Recession
![Page 7: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
◦ 2nd Innovation: Deportation Policy Evolution: a) remarkable drop administrative removals; b) almost
total replacement of administrative removals by criminal deportations 2000-2007: Vast majority of deportations → administrative removals Since 2008: Significant drop administrative removals Recession context
(2008: 5052 → 2011: 2244) Since 2008: gradual replacement of administrative removals by
criminal deportations (2008: 5564 -52,4% total- → 2011: 9114 -80,2%-) New centre-right Government; main goals: a) Decrease amount of
administrative removals; b) Reserve detention centres for penal deportations
Innovations in the field of Spanish Crimmigration policies since the beginning of the Great Recession
![Page 8: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Number of executed expulsions (2002-2011)
Source: Home Office, Spain
Year Expulsions (Total)
Year-on-year Evolution
2002 12159
2003 14104 +15.9%
2004 11014 -21.9%
2005 11002 -0.1%
2006 11567 +5.1%
2007 9467 -18.1%
2008 10616 +12.1%
2009 13278 +25%
2010 11454 -13.7%
2011 11358 -0.8%
![Page 9: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Evolution of administrative removals (2008-2011)
Source: Home Office, Spain
Year Administrative removals
Year-on-year Evolution
2008 5052 --
2009 5687 +12.6%
2010 3258 -42.7%
2011 2244 -31.1%
![Page 10: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Evolution of criminal deportations (2008-2011)
Source: Home Office, Spain
Year Criminal deportations
Year-on-year Evolution
Percentage of total expulsions
2008 5564 -- 52.4%
2009 7591 +36.4% 57.2%
2010 8196 +8.0% 71.6%
2011 9114 +11.2% 80.2%
![Page 11: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The complex hybridization of neo-liberal and sovereign devices in the field of Crimmigration policies
◦ Analyzing double evolution of deportation policy Sovereign reading: Spanish Government is aiming to strengthen
legitimacy, by announcing deportation policy now focused on delinquent migrants
Inaccurate/incomplete reading – Interpretation evolution deportation policy: neo-liberal perspective Evolution shows concern limits of public budgets – Amount of administrative
removals has to drop because there are not enough resources Policy assumption: most appropriate to enforce penal deportations → criminal
ground more solid - Evolution shows concern improving efficient use scarce resources/actuarial mode of risk management
Nevertheless: Evolution of deportation policy not consistent with raids policy
Conclusion
![Page 12: Crimmigration and the Great Recession: Analysis of the Spanish Case](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071807/56812df7550346895d9354fc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
◦ Actuarial/economic rationalization of control policies not simple task – Overcoming sovereign trends domain of security policies → slow and controversial process
◦ Literature claims field of control policies not only guided neo-liberal guidelines, but also neoconservative trends, occasionally coming into conflict
Recent Literature on governmentality highlighted neo-liberal government through conduct of freedom complemented sovereign rationales of power
Recent Literature qualified 1990s texts on governmentality: emphasized exclusively centrality of government through freedom
◦ Foucault (2007) pointed out that different technologies of power do not replace each other, but come into conflict in the same historical time
◦ Spanish experience field of Crimmigration policies demonstrates may coexist devices of societies of security/sovereign societies/neo-disciplinary dynamics
Conclusion