Creative Economy in a Mixed Society: Approaches to Measuring its Potential
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Creative Economy in a Mixed Society: Approaches to
Measuring its Potential Inga Tomić-Koludrović & Mirko Petrić Department of Sociology University of Zadar
Cultural transitions
An international conference on policy, industry and aesthetics Interuniversity Centre Dubrovnik Dubrovnik, 10. 5. 2006
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cultural creative------------------------------------------------
- cultural industry
- cultural industries
- creative industries
- creative economy
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Creative Industriesdefinition
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”The Creative Industries are those that have their origin in individual creativity, skill, and talent and that have a potential for wealth and job creation through
the generation and exploitation of intellectual property.”
The Creative Industries Mapping DocumentDepartment for Culture, Media and Sport,
UK, 1998
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Creative Industries : culture-----------------------------------------------------------
”Government and the Value of Culture”
Tessa Jowell (2004)
- a role for subsidized culturehigh art
- recognized but described in terms of investment
- potential of an individual
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Creative Economy-----------------------------------------------------------
- disappearance of “culture” ?
“creative” + “economy”
- the term = more straigthforward /obscures less/
BUT
“CULTURE MATTERS”
Harrison / Huntington (2000)
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Mapping Index of Creativity-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DCMS Mapping of Creative Industries
(1997, 2000)
- exclusively “industrial” aspect
- economic contribution
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“audit of cultural resources” = different
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Mapping Index of Creativity-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Florida’s indices of creativity
% workforce in the creative class
presence of advanced technology
innovation
diversity (gay index)
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Percent of workforce in the creative class
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3Ts values---------------------------------------------------------------
“3Ts of economic growth”
TalentTechnologyTolerance
the original indices
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World Index of Creativityoutline (2005)
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based on empirical research of values
World Values Survey /Inglehart/
Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania = included
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Mapping Index of Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------
Hong Kong : Mappingmost comprehensive : economic
Hong Kong : Index of creativity
Desmond Hui
social + cultural capital
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SEE - Index of Creativity?---------------------------------------------------------------
-how to measure the potential ofthe creative economy
in the region?
/ Florida’s nascent World Index of Creativity =/= specific enough /
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SEE - Index of Creativity?---------------------------------------------------------------
- the task = creation of more specific,more sensitive indices
- the question: is the region a good focusfor such exercises?
- the question : are individual nation-statesin the region a good focus for such exercises?
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Index of Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------
- the need for diversified levels of reference
- the focus =/= territory of a nation-state
- the focus =/= the “region” in Florida’s sense/”city + surrounding areas”/
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Index of Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------
the focus = city, region
/including historical traditions & a sense of place/
diversified national or SEE-levelindices
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Index of Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------
the focus = micro-histories, traditions, cultures
the purpose = interpret in order to understand /Bauman/
“case by case” “step by step”
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Index of Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------
- the focus /locus/ = the sense of place/what it is about/
- methods to measure it = should be devised
- but what exactly is measured?
- “what is creativity?”
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Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------
- an evasive term
- one attempt:
“the ability to think at the edge of yourcompetence”
Charles Landry
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Creativity---------------------------------------------------
- but what are “competences”?
- how are they acquired?
- how are they recognized?
------------------------------------------------SOCIAL locus of reference
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Creativity---------------------------------------------------
- but also CULTURE plays a part
- VALUES : socialization/learning of culture/
- by means of socialization onemasters the culture of one’s society------------------------------------------------
values = a good start/but not enough: too generalized/
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Focus---------------------------------------------------
- not only “market” / “economy” indicators
(Porter: 17.000 $ +)
but
“society” + “culture”
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Society---------------------------------------------------
- how to describe it?
- what to study about it?
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“transition” “mixed” society---------------------------------------------------
“transition”
- political /single-party multiparty/
- economic /state or “social ownership” market economy/
- social / cultural /e.g. from active suppressionof religion to its dominance in the social life/
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why “mixed” society?---------------------------------------------------
“transition” in SEE = an unfinished process
EU accession = marks the end/in political terms/
EU candidate countries : nearing“mature transition”
but in social terms?
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“mixed” society---------------------------------------------------
“transition” processes
- varied from country to country
- in common :
(recent) radical break with the past& influence of the globalization process
in the present
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“mixed” society---------------------------------------------------
“transitional societies” = now stabilizing
- old mechanisms destroyed but new have formed
- these societies exihibit characteristics of both traditional and modern social structures
- can therefore be described as mixed societies
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“mixed” society---------------------------------------------------
- different outcomes /also within one nation/
- should be studied “step by step, case by case”
- in the case of Croatia: two modernizationprocesses simultaneously at work
/Tomić-Koludrović/
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“mixed” society---------------------------------------------------
“first” or “simple”, “industrial” modernization/premodern modern/
second or “reflexive”, “postindustrial” modernization
/”modernization of modernization”/
U. Beck
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Split Riva
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Splitska riva
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Splitska riva
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Splitska riva
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“mixed” society -----------------------------------------------
by analogy with
mixed economy
mixed agriculture
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transitional society process : from → to
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mixed society = outcome : what we start from in analysis
mixed society =/= static
various processes take place but constellations = established
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mixed society----------------------------------------------
- should be studied
in order to understand it & be ableto interpret it
/such studies in themselves emphasize or develop its reflexive character /
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mixed society----------------------------------------------
- methods should be devisedto study its social & cultural aspects
“market” = too narrow a descriptor and insufficient in general as focus of
development
“people” = the most valuable resource
/this = also an “investment” in them
and in society/
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