Crayon Rock Cycle€¦ · 1! Version!date:!May!2016! ! ! Crayon’rock’cycle!...

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1 Version date: May 2016 Crayon rock cycle Field(s) of Science: Biology Concepts: sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks, rock cycle Grade: 4 Duration: 4050 minutes Materials Needed: Crayons (with paper wrapper peeled off): at least two different colors of wax crayons per group, at least half of a crayon per student Pencils sharpeners with big opening Water + container to refill water 2 side burners with frying pans Aluminum Foil pieces to create little boats Wax paper Popsicle sticks Paper towel to clean up Poster of the Rock Cycle Context Define the concepts Sedimentary rocks: formed when sediments (small pieces of rock) are compacted and cemented together (lithified) Metamorphic rocks: formed when rocks undergo heat and pressure Igneous rocks: formed from the cooling and crystallization of magma and lava Weathering: the wearing /breaking down of rocks by wind, water, sand, and chemicals Erosion: the movement of sediments produced after weathering Deposition: when sediments are dropped off in a new location after erosion Intro questions for the classroom Q: How can we create rocks in the classroom? Crayons have the ability to be ground into small particles (weathered), heated, cooled and compressed just like rocks. In nature, the forces of nature break down rocks. Q: Why are we using crayons and not real rocks to demonstrate the rock cycle? Actual rocks take MILLIONS of years to go through the rock cycle! We would not be able to do this in the classroom! In fact, the oldest known rocks on the surface of the earth are 3.8 billion years old (found in Greenland). Q: Identify some weathering agents (natural ways to weather a rock). Wind, sun, ice, rain. In this simulation we will “weather” our crayons with the sharpener, our popsicle sticks and our hands.

Transcript of Crayon Rock Cycle€¦ · 1! Version!date:!May!2016! ! ! Crayon’rock’cycle!...

Page 1: Crayon Rock Cycle€¦ · 1! Version!date:!May!2016! ! ! Crayon’rock’cycle! Field(s)’of’Science:’Biology! Concepts:!sedimentary,!metamorphic!and!igneous!rocks,!rock!cycle!

 

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Crayon  rock  cycle  

Field(s)  of  Science:  Biology  Concepts:  sedimentary,  metamorphic  and  igneous  rocks,  rock  cycle  Grade:  4  Duration:  40-­‐50  minutes    Materials  Needed:  ● Crayons  (with  paper  wrapper  peeled  off):  at  least  two  different  colors  of  wax  

crayons  per  group,  at  least  half  of  a  crayon  per  student  ● Pencils  sharpeners  with  big  opening  ● Water  +  container  to  refill  water  ● 2  side  burners  with  frying  pans  ● Aluminum  Foil  pieces  to  create  little  boats  ● Wax  paper  ● Popsicle  sticks  ● Paper  towel  to  clean  up  ● Poster  of  the  Rock  Cycle  

Context  Define  the  concepts  Sedimentary  rocks:  formed  when  sediments  (small  pieces  of  rock)  are  compacted  and  cemented  together  (lithified)    Metamorphic  rocks:  formed  when  rocks  undergo  heat  and  pressure    Igneous  rocks:  formed  from  the  cooling  and  crystallization  of  magma  and  lava    Weathering:  the  wearing  /breaking  down  of  rocks  by  wind,  water,  sand,  and  chemicals    Erosion:  the  movement  of  sediments  produced  after  weathering  Deposition:  when  sediments  are  dropped  off  in  a  new  location  after  erosion      Intro  questions  for  the  classroom  

Q:  How  can  we  create  rocks  in  the  classroom?               Crayons  have  the  ability  to  be  ground  into  small  particles  (weathered),  heated,  cooled  and  compressed  just  like  rocks. In  nature,  the  forces  of  nature  break  down  rocks.    

Q:  Why  are  we  using  crayons  and  not  real  rocks  to  demonstrate  the  rock  cycle?        Actual  rocks  take  MILLIONS  of  years  to  go  through  the  rock  cycle!  We  would  not  be  able  to  do  this  in  the  classroom!  In  fact,  the  oldest  known  rocks  on  the  surface  of  the  earth  are  3.8  billion  years  old  (found  in  Greenland).    

Q:  Identify  some  weathering  agents  (natural  ways  to  weather  a  rock).           Wind,  sun,  ice,  rain.  In  this  simulation  we  will  “weather”  our  crayons  with  the  sharpener,  our  popsicle  sticks  and  our  hands.  

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Prepare  ahead  in  the  classroom:  ● Crayons  (with  paper  wrapper  peeled  off):  at  least  two  different  colors  of  wax  

crayons  per  group,  at  least  half  of  a  crayon  per  student  ● Preheat  water  in  frying  pans  to  ensure  that  water  is  warm  for  crayon  melting  ● Cut  pieces  of  wax  paper  for  students  to  sharpen/collect  their  crayon  sediments  on  

AND  to  keep  their  desks  clean.  ● Cut  pieces  of  foil  that  students  will  use  to  create  “boats”  to  float  their  crayon  

shavings  in    Doing  the  Activity!  Part  One:  Make  a  Sedimentary  rock  

1. Have  students  split  into  pairs  for  this  activity.  2. Have  each  group  pick  up:  1  or  2  crayon  pieces  per  person  

(different  colour  than  their  partner),  1  sharpener  per  person,  1  foil  piece,  1  wax  paper  piece,  1  popsicle  stick  

3. Have  each  student  make  small  “sediments”  out  of  their  crayons  by  sharpening  the  crayons  in  the  sharpeners.  Collect  the  crayon  shavings  on  the  wax  paper.      

4. Once  rock  fragments  have  been  created,  they  are  usually  moved  (eroded)  by  some  force  of  nature  like  gravity  and  dropped  in  a  new  location  (deposition).  Here  you  will  act  as  a  depositional  force.  Each  partner,  in  turn,  should  move  (erode)  and  lay  down  (deposit)  the  rock  fragments  in  a  neat  pile  in  the  center  of  the  foil  boat.  Set  each  new  pile  on  top  of  the  previous  ones.      

5. Press  down  on  this  pile  (with  finger  or  popsicle  stick,  and  wax  paper  between  the  crayon  and  the  pushing  force  to  avoid  sticking)  to  allow  the  particles  to  stick  together.  This  part  of  the  simulation  requires  you  to  understand  the  cementation  process.  Spaces  between  the  fragments  are  reduced  in  size  by  pressure  (compaction)  and  filled  in  with  cementing  agents  (cementation).  This  simulation  will  not  add  cementing  agents.  It  will  only  simulate  compaction.  The  compaction  process  occurs  as  new  layers  of  sediments  continually  cover  sediment  layers.  The  lower  layers  become  compacted  by  the  weight  of  the  new  layers  above.    

6. Your  crayon  sediments  are  now  sedimentary  crayons.  Note  that  you  can  still  distinctly  see  each  layer  of  coloured  crayon,  as  below.  Sedimentary  rock  has  distinguishable  layers  of  rock  as  well.      

 

 

 

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Part  Two:  Make  a  Metamorphic  Rock  

7. As  rocks  are  pushed  deeper  into  the  Earth’s  crust,  pressure  and  temperature  increases  (Think:  there  is  more  rock  on  top  of  this  rock,  pushing  it  harder  and  bringing  it  closer  to  the  HOT  core  of  the  Earth).  Metamorphic  rock  may  become  contorted  in  appearance  and  actually  flow  like  a  plastic  material  in  response  to  the  heat  and  pressure  that  is  caused  by  the  overlying  rocks.  

8. Float  your  foil  “boat”  filled  with  sedimentary  rock  on  hot  water.      9. Watch  as  the  heat  from  the  water  transfers  to  the  foil  and  to  the  

 crayons.  The  crayons  should  start  to  melt.  Remove  your  foil  boat  IMMEDIATELY  after  the  crayon  starts  to  melt.    

10. Bring  your  boat  back  to  your  desk  and  let  your  crayons  cool  without  touching  them.      

11. The  partially  melted  and  cooled  crayons  are  now  equivalent  to  metamorphic  crayons.  Note  that  you  can  still  see  layers  of  sediment,  but  the  heat  has  compacted  the  sediment  even  further.      

                         Part  Three:  Make  an  Igneous  rock    12. Igneous  rock  forms  deep  within  the  earth.  It  originates  in  magma  

chambers  embedded  in  solid  rock.  Bring  your  foil  boat  filled  with  metamorphic  rock  back  to  the  hot  water.  Float  the  boat,  and  watch  as  the  heat  from  the  water  transfers  to  the  foil  and  to  the  crayons.  The  crayons  should  start  to  melt.  Stir  with  the  popsicle  stick  to  bring  any  stray  sediment  down  to  the  melted  mixture.    

13. Allow  the  crayons  to  melt  until  a  smooth  liquid  forms:  you  are  making  magma!!!    

14. Carefully  remove  molten  crayon  wax  and  let  cool.  Your  totally    melted  and  cooled  crayons  are  now  equivalent  to  igneous  crayons.  Note  that  individual  crayon  

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colours/pieces  (“sediment”)  are  no  longer  visible  and  the  crayon  rock  is  one  homogeneous  piece  of  rock.  

                             Part  Four:  Continue  through  the  rock  cycle  as  a  class  15. Explain:  What  is  a  cycle?  A  series  of  events  REPEATED  in  the  same  order.  In  the  case  

of  the  rock  cycle,  igneous  rock  held  in  one’s  hands  today  may  become  part  of  a  sedimentary  or  metamorphic  rock  in  the  distant  future.  Very  little  rock  on  the  surface  of  the  earth  has  remained  fixed  in  its  original  rock  type.  The  Earth  recycles  all  rock  through  the  rock  cycle!  Most  rocks  have  undergone  several  iterations  of  the  rock  cycle.    

16. Have  each  group  break  off  a  piece  of  their  “metamorphic  crayon”.  They  have  now  made  sedimentary  rock  out  of  their  igneous  rock.  

17. Combine  pieces  from  each  group  into  one  tin  foil  boat  and  repeat  the  above  process,  Making  these  sedimentary  pieces  into  a  metamorphic  rock  and  then  an  igneous  rock.  (You  can  do  all  of  this  and  have  the  class  watch  and  walk  through  everything  with  you).  

18. Explain  that  you,  as  a  class,  have  now  taken  your  crayons  through  TWO  cycles  of  the  crayon  rock  cycle.  

19. Explain  that  this  cycle  could  continue  infinitely  with  more  pieces  of  “sedimentary  crayon”  made  in  the  class,  other  classrooms,  other  schools,  etc.  

 

What's  Happening?  

Use  your  simulated  “rocks”  to  help  you  describe  the  following  rock  types:  • What  is  a  sedimentary  rock?    

Formed  when  sediments  (small  pieces  of  rock)  are  compacted  and  cemented  together  (lithified)    

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• What  processes  must  occur  to  produce  a  sedimentary  rock?      Compaction  and  cementation  

• What  is  a  metamorphic  rock?      Formed  when  rocks  undergo  heat  and  pressure    

• What  is  an  igneous  rock?    Formed  from  the  cooling  and  crystallization  of  magma  and  lava      

• What  processes  must  occur  to  produce  an  igneous  rock?      Cooling,  crystallization  

• What  is  the  difference  between  an  extrusive  and  intrusive  igneous  rock? Igneous  rocks  form  by  the  cooling/crystallization  of  magma.  If  this  happens  INSIDE  the  Earth,  they  are  called  intrusive  rocks.  If  this  happens  at  the  surface  of  the  Earth,  they  are  called  extrusive  rocks.  

 How  to  Restock  the  kit?  Replace:  

● Crayons  ● Aluminum  foil  

Please  ensure  everything  is  back  in  the  kit,  clean  and  dry.