European Involvement in T2K Neuchatel June 21, 2004 Dave Wark Imperial College /RAL.
Cracow School Neutrino Physics – Past, Present, and Futureth- · Cracow School Imperial...
Transcript of Cracow School Neutrino Physics – Past, Present, and Futureth- · Cracow School Imperial...
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Neutrino Physics – Past, Present, and Future
Dave WarkImperial/RAL
Cracow SchoolZakopane
June 20-21, 2007
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
70±570±4
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Which left us where?
But no smoking gun for oscillations….
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
SNO CollaborationT. Kutter, C.W. Nally, S.M. Oser, T. Tsui, C.E. Waltham, J. Wendland University of British Columbia
J. Boger, R.L. Hahn, R. Lange, M. YehBrookhaven National Lab
A. Bellerive, X. Dai, F. Dalnoki-Veress, R.S. Dosanjh, D.R. Grant, C.K. Hargrove, L. Heelan, R.J. Hemingway, I. Levine, C. Mifflin, E. Rollin, O. Simard, D. Sinclair, N. Starinsky, G. Tesic, D. Waller Carleton University
M. Bergevin, P. Jagam, H. Labranche, J. Law, I.T. Lawson, B.G. Nickel, R.W. Ollerhead, J.J. Simpson University of Guelph
B. Aharmim, J. Farine, F. Fleurot, E.D. Hallman, A. Kruger, S. Luoma, M.H. Schwendener, R. Tafirout, C.J. VirtueLaurentian University
Y.D. Chan, X. Chen, C.A. Currat, K.M. Heeger, K.T. Lesko, A.D. Marino, E.B. Norman, C.E. Okada, A.W.P. Poon, S.S.E. Rosendahl, R.G. StokstadLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
M.G. Boulay, T.J. Bowles, S.R. Elliott,, J. Heise, A. Hime,R. Van de Water, J.M. WoutersLos Alamos National Laboratory
S.D. Biller, M.G. Bowler, B.T. Cleveland, G. Doucas, J.A. Dunmore, H. Fergani, K. Frame, N.A. Jelley, J.C. Loach, S. Majerus, G. McGregor, S.J.M. Peeters, C.J. Sims, M. Thorman, H. Wan Chan Tseung, N. West, J.R. Wilson, K. Zuber Oxford University
E.W. Beier, H. Deng, M. Dunford, W. Frati, W.J. Heintzelman, C.C.M. Kyba, M. Neubauer, N. McCauley, V.L. Rusu, R. Van Berg, P. WittichUniversity of Pennsylvania
S.N. Ahmed, M. Chen, F.A. Duncan, E.D. Earle, B.G. Fulsom, H.C. Evans, G.T. Ewan, K. Graham, A.L. Hallin, W.B. Handler, P.J. Harvey, C. Howard, L. Kormos, M.S. Kos, C. Kraus, C.B. Krauss, J.R. Leslie, R. MacLellan, H.B. Mak, J. Maneira, A.B. McDonald, B.A. Moffat, A.J. Noble, C.V. Ouellet, B.C. Robertson, P. Skensved, M. Thomson, Y.Takeuchi, A. Wright Queen’s University
D.L. Wark Rutherford Laboratory
A.E. Anthony, J.C. Hall, M. Huang, J.R. Klein, S. Seibert University of Texas at Austin
R.L. Helmer TRIUMF
T.V. Bullard, G.A. Cox, P.J. Doe, C.A. Duba, J.A. Formaggio, N. Gagnon, R. Hazama, M.A. Howe, S. McGee, K.K.S. Miknaitis, N.S. Oblath, J.L. Orrell, K. Rielage, R.G.H. Robertson, M.W.E. Smith, L.C. Stonehill, B.L. Wall, J.F. WilkersonUniversity of Washington
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RAL
2nd Smoking Gun – SNO
NCxx νν ++→+ npd
ES +→+ e−νe−ν x
CC e−ppd ++→+νe
x
- Q = 1.445 MeV- good measurement of νe energy spectrum- some directional info ∝ (1 – 1/3 cosθ)- νe only
- Q = 2.22 MeV - measures total 8B ν flux from the Sun- equal cross section for all ν types
- low statistics - mainly sensitive to νe, some νµ and ντ
- strong directional sensitivity
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
The enemy…..
βs and γs from decays in these chains interfere with our signals at low energies
And worse, γs over 2.2 MeVcause d + γ → n + p
Design called for: D2O < 10 -15 gm/gm U/Th H2O < 10-14 gm/gm U/Th Acrylic < 10-12 gm/gm U/Th
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Internal
External
SNO Backgrounds
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
2 tons of NaCl added to D2O on June 1, 2001
3H 36Cl
2H+n
35Cl+n
6.0 MeV
8.6 MeVσ = 0.0005 b
σ = 44 b
Blind analysis techniqueused…
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Comparison of pure D2O and Salt results
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
2nd Smoking Gun – SNO
This demonstrates that neutrinos change flavour..
Flavour content of solar flux.
12604
12638.034.0
21.021.0
1034.182.5
10.)(.)(94.4−−
−−+−
+−
×±=Φ
×=Φ
scmscmsysstat
BP
NC
12615.015.0
22.022.0
12608.009.0
06.006.0
10.)(.)(35.2
10.)(.)(68.1−−+
−+−
−−+−
+−
×=Φ
×=Φ
scmsysstatscmsysstat
ES
CC
Latest SNO numbers, full salt data
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Global Solar Analysis with SNO 391-day salt data
• SNO suppression factor > 2 for L >> Lv ⇒ MSW effect• Possible to observe on Earth?
Best fit implies Lv ~ 100km
SNO finds:
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
KamLAND
Sum over all Japanese power reactors...
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
KamLAND
80% of total contribution comes from 130~220km distance
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
KamLAND
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
KamLANDS
lides
from
S. E
nom
oto’
s ta
lk a
t WI N
05
Proved (with other results) that neutrinos oscillate……or at least do a damned fine impression.
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Solar+KamLAND Oscillation Fit
Solar + KamLAND
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Borexino Physics Target – 7Be neutrinos
And the big news is…
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Now filled andtaking data!
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
The Near Future – Solar and Reactor
SNO 3He detectors – different systematics → better determine θ12
Other future solar neutrinoExperiments –
KamLAND, SNO+, CLEAN,XMASS, etc.- no time
to discuss.
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
The Near Future – Solar and Reactor
Improvements of KamLAND also improve θ12 sensitivity
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
1st Smoking Gun – SK Atmospheric
Observed ratio ~1, Look at zenith angle distributions…
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Plots from Y. Suzuki
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Background to Proton Decay Experiments
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Also seen by Kamiokande
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
The Super-KamiokandeDetector
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
µ
eνµ produces a µ,
which produces a sharp ring
νe producesan electron,
which produces a “fuzzy” ring
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
SK data as a function of zenith angle
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
1st Smoking Gun – SK Atmospheric
Late
st a
naly
sis
from
Chr
is W
alte
r, IC
HE
P06
.
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
From Chris Walter’s talk at ICHEP
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Super Kamiokande Rebuild
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
The first long baseline experiment – K2K
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Final K2K Statistics
Plots from Pier Loverre’s talk at TAUP05.
56.845multi-ring8.29 e-like
90.858 µ-like99.0671 ring
155.9112AllNsk
predNskobs
Oscillation – disappearance – two flavors analysis
sin22θ = 1.19 ± 0.23 ∆m2 = (2.55 ± 0.40)x10-3eV2
1.881.88××1010-3-3 ≤≤ ∆∆mm22 ≤≤ 3.48 3.48××1010-3-3 eV eV22 (90%CL) for sin (90%CL) for sin2222θθ=1=1
1R-µ Energy spectrum
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
NuMI - MINOS
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
MINOS Detectors
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
MINOS Event
Entrance point
xy
B
Beam direction
MINOS preliminary
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Slide from Geoff Pearce’s talk at ICHEP06
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark
Allowed Regions from MINOS, K2K
Cracow School
Imperial College/RALDave Wark