CPTED 2012

Department of Town and Country Planning, Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Malaysia

Panduan Pelaksanaan

Crime PreventionThrough EnvironmentalDesign (CPTED)IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE

Reka Bentuk Bandar Selamat

Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia

Published 31 August 2012

Copyright Unit Khas NKRA Bandar SelamatDepartment of Town and Country Planning, Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Malaysia

This Implementation Guide is prepared based on the recommendation of NKRA Lab: Reducing Crime which was held on 5 October to 19 November 2009 to raise public safety. The Safe City Program consist of 3 Strategies and 15 Measures for crime prevention. This Implementation Guide supports Strategy 1: Environmental Design Initiatives and Measure 2: Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED).

Unit Khas NKRA Bandar SelamatDepartment of Town and Country Planning,Ministry of Housing and Local Government, MalaysiaJalan Cenderasari,50646 KUALA LUMPURwww.townplan.gov.my03 2698 9211

This Manual is prepared to show the procedure for the use of the Implementation Guide for Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED).

The Circular from the Secretary-General of the Ministry of Housing and Local Government No. 5 Year 2009, Uniform Template for Document Check-list and Detailed Check-list for Outside Technical Agencies for Development Approval Process through One-Stop-Centre (OSC) has outlined several document check-lists and detailed check-lists as guide and reference for applicants preparing development proposals for Planning Permission proposals, Building Plans, Engineering Plans and Landscape Plans.

This CPTED Implementation Guide is for reference during the planning, design and implementation stages of a development proposal. This includes the design of the layout plan, building plan, engineering plan, landscape plan, and issuance of the Certi cate of Completion and Compliance (CCC). The concept, guidelines and check-lists in this Implementation Guide help the Local Authorities and technical agencies in checking the development proposals, and ensure the applicant incorporates CPTED in development proposals for crime prevention (refer Table 1).

PROCEDURE FOR USE OF CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE

iiiiii

Development Type General Guide (page) Check List (page)

APPLICATION FOR PLANNING PERMISSION

a. Layout design 15 16 - 20b. Building design 21 22 - 26c. Access and pedestrian path 27 - 29 30 - 42d. Landscape and elements of urban design 43 - 44 45 - 46e. Car park 47 48 - 50f. Lighting 51 52 - 54g. Security devices 55 56h. Management and maintenance 57 58 - 60BUILDING PLAN APPLICATION

a. Layout design 15 16 - 20b. Building design 21 22 - 26c. Car park 47 48 - 50APPLICATION FOR ROAD AND BUILDING PLAN

Access and pedestrian path 27 - 29 30 - 42APPLICATION FOR STREET LIGHTING PLAN

a. Car park - 49b. Lighting 51 52 - 54

iv

Development Type General Guide (page) Check List (page)

APPLICATION FOR LANDSCAPE PLAN

a. Access and pedestrian path - 40 - 42b. Landscape and elements of urban design 43 - 44 45 - 46c. Car park 47 (v) -APPLICATION FOR CCC (Site Visit)

Installation of Lift / Escalator G11a. Building design 21 26Building G12 a. Building design 21 22 - 26Sewerage Reticulation G14a. Access and pedestrian path 27 - 29 30 - 42Outdoor Electricity Supply System G16 a. Layout designb. Security devices

1555

2056

Roads and Drainage G17 a. Access and pedestrian path 27 - 29 30 - 42Street Lighting G18 a. Lighting 51 52 - 54Telecommunication G20 a. Access and pedestrian path 7 & 29 33 - 36Landscape G21a. Landscape and elements of urban designb. Management and maintenance

43 - 4457

45 - 4658 - 60

v

CHART ON PROCESS OF USE

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE FOR CPTED

vi

LIST OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION 3CPTED CONCEPT 4CPTED PRINCIPLES 5

Natural Surveillance Natural Access Control Territorial Reinforcement Maintenance & Management

CPTED STRATEGY 8CPTED USERS 9DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS 10

Layout Design Access and Pedestrian Path Landscape and Elements of Urban Design Car Park Lighting Security Devices Management and Maintenance

GENERAL GUIDE AND CHECK LIST

Layout Design 15 Building Design 21 Access and Pedestrian Path 27 Landscape and Elements of Urban Design 43 Car Park 47 Lighting 51 Security Devices 55 Management and Maintenance 57

URBANIZATION

2

Aim of Guide

This Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Implementation Guide is prepared to support Measure 2: Implementation of Environmental Design for Safe City under Strategy 1: Environmental Design Initiatives, Safe City Program 2010.

This guide contains a summary of concepts, general guidelines and a CPTED check-list. This check-list can be used as a guide during the preparation and checking of development layout plans and building plans as well as evaluating the progress and implementation of projects on the site.

When is CPTED applicable?

Concepts and principles of CPTED should be incorporated at the planning and designing of layout and building plans stage for all types of developement. CPTED also can be implemented in existing areas especially at areas which are unsafe and exposed to crime.

INTRODUCTION

Source: DSP Research and Consultancy, Netherlands, 2000 (pg. 4)

Occurrences of Crime

Several studies which have been undertaken on victims abroad have provided evidence that rapid urbanization seems to be the major factor in increasing the the rate of crime. A crime will only occur if three basic elements are present which are the criminal, the victim and the environment/ situation which provide the opportunity for the criminal.

3


INTRODUCTION

CPTED is based upon the idea that the detailed and eective design of the physical environment can inuence human behaviour from committing a crime as well as reducing the fear of crime and the incidence of crime while increasing the quality of the environment and the quality of life.

The concept of CPTED has been applied in the planning of cities abroad such as New York, Glasgow, Adelaide, Melbourne, Seoul, Singapore and others. Studies have proven that CPTED is eective in reducing the crime rate as follows:

i. Reduction of crime on petty traders by as much as 50% for petty thefts and 65% for robberies;

ii. An average of 15-100% reduction of drug sales, house break-ins and other crimes within certain communities in the United States of America and Canada;.

iii. Reduction of molestation crimes among school children;iv. Increase in benets, productivity and quality of life of

community; andv. Reduction of cost and resources through ecient design by

implementing natural strategies compared to management and mechanical strategies (Source: Sinclair Knight Merz, Nusajaya Security Training 2008).

CPTED CONCEPT

4


CPTED CONCEPT

There are 4 universal principles in CPTED used by the international community as below:

Natural Surveillance

The main aim of this principle is to increase the awareness of the public through eyes on the street approach towards the criminal and subsequently reducing the con dence of the criminal to commit the crime.

Natural surveillance means the ability of the environment to create a clear and wide opportunity for surveillance from various angles, whether indoors or outdoors, by the residents or security guards through the design and location of windows, lobbies or doors of buildings.

Natural surveillance for car parking areas

Source: Adapted and modi ed from Crime Prevention Through Housing Design,

edited by Paul Stollard 1989 (pg.48)

CPTED PRICIPLES

5


CPTED PRINCIPLES

Natural Access Control

Access control aims to prevent a personfrom entering an area or premises wherehe should not be. Access control can be implemented through the use of doors with security cards, fencing, landscaping and other physical means.

Territorial Reinforcement

The main aim of territorial enforcement is to show ownership of an area. A clear distinction between between public and private territory can be marked out through the use of physical elements such as fencing, doorways, landscaping and others.

Boundary division with landscaping

Use of security card

Source: Adapted and modi ed from Crime Prevention Through Housing Design, edited by Paul Stollard 1989 (pg.48)

6


CPTED PRINCIPLES

Maintenance and Management

This principle emphasizes the need to maintain and manage the area and buildings regularly and continuously by the management, occupants, owners and community. The presence of a deteriorated or abandoned site or building can breed criminal activities such as drug addiction and other anti- social activities.

CPTED PRINCIPLES

Overhead walkway with view obstructed by advertisement and roong

Underground walkway which is not maintained

Communication pole becomes a tool for criminals to break into houses

Abandoned houses can breed crime

Drug addicts den in neglected public parkBack lanes which are not maintained

7


All the principles of CPTED can be implemented through 3 strategies which are:

i. Natural surveillance is facilitated through the design of space, provision of landscape and windows or doors which face public areas.

ii. Mechanical surveillance is facilitated through the use of electronic and mechanical equipment such as lighting, CCTV, security mirrors, security alarm and others; and

iii. Organised surveillance is facilitated through police patrol, security guards or residents associations.

For the best design technique, these three strategies are implemented in an integrated manner, with priority given to the natural surveillance strategy at the early stage of environmental design to reduce the costs of rehabilitation of the area in the future.

CPTED STRATEGY

CCTV which uses solar energyNatural surveillance Mechanical surveillance (security mirror)

Organised surveillance


CPTED STRATEGY8

CPTED users comprise of citizens who reside in the designed spaces as well as various agencies which are involved directly during the preparation of the layout plans / building plans and during progress evaluation and implementation of the project at the site.

i. Public (Citizens) The public are the main users and clients in the designed

spaces. The feedback from the residents regarding crime issues can be the basis for environmental design.

ii. Designers (Town planners, Architects, Landscape architects, Engineers, Surveyors, Interior designers)

All designers should refer to the CPTED Implementation Guide when designing the layout or building plans for all types of development.

iii. State Authorities (SAs), Local Authorities (LAs) and Local Planning Authorities (LPAs) and Government Agencies

SAs, LAs, LPAs and the relevant government agencies play an important role to ensure the implementation of the CPTED concept especially in the process of granting planning permission and approving building plans as well as raising awareness of the community towards creating a safe environment through CPTED.

CPTED USER

iv. Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) The RMP plays an important role as an advisor in the design of

the layout of a development so as to prevent the occurrence of crime.

v. Non-Government Organisations (NGO) and Agencies Non-government organisations and agencies as well as

residents apply the concept of CPTED to plan and to carry out activities which can reduce crime such as education and public awareness, establishing neighbourhood watch and so on.

vi. Developers Developers play the role of incorporating the concept of

CPTED in all types of development.

Organised surveillance

9


CPTED USER

DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS

The seven development components identied to implement the CPTED concept:

Layout Design

i. Mixed Development Mixed development consists of

residential, commercial, industrial and public space development activities. Mixed development is strongly encouraged to create an active and busy environment throughout the day.

Objectives: Activate the area with various land

use activities such as residential activities, shops, restaurants, oces, public space, cultural activities, recreational activities and so on

Create natural surveillance and improve security in the area especially in places at high risk of crime; and

Increase the sense of belonging and awareness of the community and environment.

iii. Entrapment spot and dead end Entrapment spots are spaces that are

deserted, isolated and surrounded. Designs should avoid creation of entrapment spots especially in car parks, pedestrian walkways, dead-end roads or backlanes.

Objective: Prevent hideouts for criminals and

threats from criminals / intruders.

ii. Activity Generation Encourage activities that are allowed to

draw attention of the local community such as night market, alfresco caf, restaurants, sports and recreation, and so on.

Objective: Enhance safety of the surroundings

and natural surveillance through the eyes on the street approach.

10



iv. View of space Provide clear, maximised and unobstructed

view of space at short and long distance, especially for areas surrounding the pedestrian walkways. Large pillars, fences that are not transparent, poorly maintained shrubs and other obstacles near the pedestrian walkways can create hideouts for criminals / intruders to threaten or attack the public.

Objectives: Facilitate the detection of criminals;

and Reduce the fear of becoming a victim

of crime.

Clear view of space

Source: Adapted and modi ed from Crime Prevention Through Housing Design, edited by Paul Stollard 1989 (m.s.27)

Avoid entrapment spots in the design

11



Access and Pedestrian Walkways

Access includes roads and pedestrian walkways consisting of tunnels, pedestrian bridges and narrow lanes. Isolated and narrow pedestrian tunnels are not allowed in new development areas. However, for existing pedestrian tunnels, overhead bridges and narrow lanes, security measures such as adequate lighting and installation of safety mirrors must be implemented. Use of clear signage as direction indicator and reminder has to be planned in an integrated manner so that the user is not confused and is wary of the surrounding area.

Objective: Prevent or reduce road and pedestrian

walkways that are separated, quiet, hidden and trapped.

Soft Landscaping and Urban Design Element

The use of soft landscaping (trees, shrubs, tree fences and vegetation ground cover) and elements of urban design / hard landscaping covers all types man-made structures such as street furnitures, pedestrian walkways, gazebos, foutains, garden lamps, statues and so on, can be used to determine public and private boundaries by reference to the National Landscape Guidelines 2008.

Objective: Create an environment that is user-

friendly, safe and attractive Use as a barrier to prevent snatch

thefts; and Acting as a border separator, junction

indicators, bend indicators and directional guide.

Car Parks

The provision of parking areas should emphasize on safety measures such as car parking lots facing towards business premises and has good lighting.

Objektives: Increase safety and reduce criminal

incidents; and Increase natural surveillance

12



Lighting

The provision of bright lighting especially at night allows an individual to be able to see or be seen clearly. Bright lighting can reduce public fear especially in car parks, bus stops, ATM machines and so on. Lighting should be at a level that allows a persons facial features to be identi ed in normal vision and assist the CCTV system to monitor crime areas more e ectively.

Objectives: Prevent existence of dark and dimmed

space; and Enable criminals / intruders to be easily

recognised and identi ed.

Security Devices

Security devices include safety mirrors, security alarm, CCTV and warning sign boards.

Objective: Provide reminder, awareness and

warning to the public to be vigilant.

Management and Maintenance

Areas belonging to residential, commercial, industrial, infrastructure and utilities, and places of public concentration which are owned by the government, government agencies, personal and private sectors should be maintained regularly and periodically to enhance the level of safety, for example, pruning of lush trees, clearing of bushes that obstruct lighting, CCTV and public view, and also rehabilitation of areas / buildings that are abandoned.

Objectives: Prevent existence of dilapidated and

abandoned area / buildings; and Enhance safety level

13



GENERAL GUIDE

Mixed development which is suitable for encouraging interaction among residents and creating a sense of security

14


i. Design integrated layout for mixed development. Development should be contiguous and not separated to create an active environment, with better natural surveillance and population interaction during the day and the night.

ii. Design layout of neighbourhood that has a clear sight line and orderly.

iii. Diversify housing types to meet the needs of the residents from various socio-economic levels.

iv. Provide parks and public places in a conspicuous location and within walking distance according to Guidelines on Community Facilities, 2000.

v. Potential places of crime should be seen clearly by the user from adjacent buildings.

LAYOUT DESIGN

Parks and public places in front of the building increase the level of natural surveillance

LAYOUT DESIGN 15


i. Each neighborhood unit must have a 400 metres walking distance from the neighbourhood centre.

Layout design must be clear and orderly.

Justi cation:

Establish a network of pedestrian walkways that are separated from motor lanes, continuous and integrated.

Increase higher level of natural surveillance. Create walkable community and enhance social cohesion.

APPLICABLE TO LAND USE ACTIVITY

APPLICATION STATUS( / X)

REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities

Recreational Park/ Public/ Open Space

Public Transport Terminal

Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge

Community facilities

Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

Source: David Prior, City of Melbourne, November 2006

Town Centre

High density development in and around town centre

Open Space

LAYOUT DESIGN

16


CHECK LIST 1:LAYOUT DESIGN (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)

ii. Avoid marginalised, isolated and trapped space.

Dead end roads (cul-de-sac) shall be straight and not exceeding 75 m. This requirement does not con ict with the planning standards of 150 m and requirement of Uniform Building By Laws (UBBL) 91.4 m for dead end roads.

Avoid public facilities such as childrens playgrounds, public toilets and garbage depots in remote locations.

Justi cation: Identify strangers easily. Increase natural surveillance. Enhance the quality of the environment. Create a sense of belonging to the environment.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

Design of dead end roads (cul-de-sac) not exceeding 75 m eases identi cation of strangers

LAYOUT DESIGN

17



iii. Layout design has to create:

i. Natural surveillance.ii. Promote visibility from di erent angles.

Create corner shop, stalls and mobile or permanent kiosks at appropriate location of public conservation areas



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

Designs that can improve natural surveillance

LAYOUT DESIGN

18



iv. Buildings should face the central parking area.

Justi cation: Facilitates monitoring and surveillance of the public towards the

parking area that can be the location of thefts and burglaries.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

Central car parking area

Road

Roa

d

Roa

d

LAYOUT DESIGN

19



v. Position of public toilets, prayer room, and other public use area must be planned in an integrated and wholeness manner in the building as well as not isolated and easily seen

Justi cation: Increase natural surveillance from the public and avoid public toilets

from being the location of rape incident and abandoned babies.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

LAYOUT DESIGNLAYOUT DESIGN


20 CHECK LIST 1:LAYOUT DESIGN (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)

BUILDING DESIGNi. Building design should provide space that is open, unhidden

and with high visibility.ii. Have a clear distinction between private, semi-private and

public space.iii. Building fencing does not block the view to the public space.iv. Ensure the design and location of elements such as dividing

wall, rubbish disposal places, low roof or tree branches does not help with the criminal activities.

v. Develop dilapidated / abandoned areas with appropriate activities to prevent being a criminal hideout.

vi. Create activities that encourage walking in areas of high and medium density.The design of the building facade that does not block the view

21BUILDING DESIGN


i. Building design must:

Ensure doors, windows, house foyer of the residential property faces the road, open space and car parking area.

Ensure doors, windows, house foyer of the building faces the road. Avoid blind wall.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

BUILDING DESIGN

22


CHECK LIST 2:BUILDING DESIGN (DURING CHECKING OF BUILDING PLAN)

ii. Length of car porch for a 2-storey house and above must not exceed 10 feet from the building line.

Justi cation: Facilitates monitoring towards the gate from the main bedroom /

front of the upper level of the house



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

Length of car porch must not exceed 10 feet from the building

10 10

BUILDING DESIGN

23



iii. Ensure that fencing wall / separator wall does not exceed 5 feet. Enclosed space allowed not exceeding 2 feet from ground level (refer to gure below). Design of the fence should be transparent and di cult to climb.

Justi cation:Facilitate monitoring and viewing by neighbours/ residents/users



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

BUILDING DESIGN

Enclosed space 2 feet

Fence height 5 feet

50% transparent

BUILDING DESIGN

24



iv. Emergency stairs or stairs to the car parking area inside the building must be clearly visible from outside and inside of the building.

Justi cation: Facilitate monitoring from the public and prevent the stairs from

becoming hiding location.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

BUILDING DESIGNBUILDING DESIGN

25



v. Elevator doors and walls must be transparent.

Justi cation: Increase the visibility of the public from outside and inside of the

elevator to prevent incidence of crime.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

BUILDING DESIGN


26 CHECK LIST 2:BUILDING DESIGN (DURING CHECKING OF BUILDING PLAN)

i. Width of the road must comply with existing guidelines adopted by the Local Authority.

ii. Road network must be inter-connected and has clear hierarchy. Dedicated pedestrian walkway is separated from motorised lanes.

iii. Ensure that new and existing roads have connectivity so that there is no separation between old and new areas.

iv. Ensure that the hierarchy and design of the road is suitable to the type of development and speed limit allowed.

v. Pedestrian walkway is not encouraged to be connected to the dead end road.

vi. Provide lighting in dark areas along the street and pedestrian walkway at the appropriate distance and height.

vii. Maintenance of access and pedestrian walkway regularly and constantly so as to be in good and clean condition to raise public condence that the said area is well-maintained and safe to use.

ACCESS AND PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS

Width of vehicle lane should be suitable with the level Bright lighting along the road and needs of development

Pedestrian walkways which are safe, comfortable and easily visible

2727ACCESS AND PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS


viii. The provision of through road which passes through residential area to the surrounding area is not allowed.

ix. Access roads should be limited and controlled (not exceeding 2 access points) for each development (refer to Planning Guidelines on Gated Community and Guarded Neighbourhood for details).

x. Provide connected pedestrian walkways in residential areas, neighbourhood centres, business area and areas of public concentration for the comfort of the pedestrians.

xi. Ensure pedestrian walkways are provided on both sides of the road especially in areas of public concentration.

xii. Provide pedestrian walkways that can be visible directly from nearby premises and is not obstructed by any structure.

xiii. Avoid space that is concealed, hidden and space that can increase the potential for crime on the pedestrian walkways.

xiv. Provide pedestrian walkways that can obtain optimal natural lighting during the day but comfortable to the users through the provision of appropriate shade and landscaping element.

xv. Bicycle lanes should be separated from vehicle lanes (available next to the pedestrian walkway but has a separate lane).

xvi. Avoid design of telecommunication service system that encourages criminals to commit crime. For example, telecommunication poles with steps.

Pedestrian walkways which are safe, comfortable and easily visible

28 ACCESS AND PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS


xvii. Overhead bridges are not covered by any object such as signages, banners, advertisement board, trees and billboard, as well as having bright lighting and a clear view.

xviii. Underground walkways are not allowed to prevent criminal acts.

xix. Identify high pro le zones (bank activities, money changers, jewellers, shops operating 24 hours) to ease police monitoring and enable the sharing of security devices (CCTV, security alarm, tra c calming).

Communication poles with steps High pro le zone

Dedicated bicycle lanesTrapped space in overhead bridge

29ACCESS AND PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS


i. Sharp bends and steep gradients should be avoided.

Sharp bends are not allowed. For steep corners, a set back of no less than 20 feet must be

provided. For existing development, safety device has to be provided such

as safety mirror, tra c signages and so on. Landscaping plants that obstruct views of tight corners must be

pruned.

Justi cation: Sharp corners will create entrapment spots that generate criminal

incidents. Su cient setback will improve visibility ahead.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

Cutting EarthArea Original Ground Level

Road Centre Line

Road Formation Level

Setback6.1 m (20 feet)

Source: Planning Guidelines for Development in Hilly and Highland Areas, 2009

ACCESS

30


CHECK LIST 3:ACCESS AND PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)

Clear front view of space

ii. Road network system should have a clear view of space.

Justi cation: Increase clarity of front view. Increase the natural surveillance of road users towards criminal

incidents.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

ACCESS

31



iii. Restrict access at backlanes and sidelanes of the building (existing residential development).

Restrict access with the installation of temporary bollards and guardrail.

Justi cation: Improve the safety level of residents from burglary. Restrict motor vehicle access



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

ACCESS

Temporary Road Bollards

32



iv. For new development, the concept of terrace houses without backlanes are encouraged through a number of alternatives:

a) Alternative 1: Without backlanes (Section 33 UBBL)

b) Alternative 2: Backlane as a landscaped pedestrian walkway

Source: Draft Planning Guidelines for Backlane, 2010



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

ACCESS

Backlane as green area

33



Renovation of the back of the house up to the boundary lot is not allowed

Encourage backlane / sidelane as green area Utility lane as wide as 5 feet in front of the building Residential road reserve a minimum of 50 feet Length of a row of houses not exceeding 75 metres or (8 units of

houses in one row of terrace houses)

Justi cation: Environment that is safer and of better quality Fire safety can be improved. Increase natural surveillance. Enhance neighbourhood community cohesion.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

ACCESS

Utility facilities in front of the house

34



v. For existing commercial area (shop house / shop o ce), buildings converted to double frontage and street mall concept in backlanes and sidelanes is encouraged.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

ACCESS

Back view of the shop(Double Frontage)

Front view of the shop(Double Frontage)

Ubah suai kepada double frontage

Lorong belakang diubah suai menjadi Street mall

Jalan

Jalan

Laluan pejalan kaki

35



vi. Tra c calming measures are provided to control the speed of tra c and safety of area such as road humps and speed table.

Justi cation:Slow down the speed of vehicles in any incidence of crime.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

ACCESS

36



vii. Design of strata housing should provide one entrance and one exit. The rst gate is used as the main entry and exit and the second gate is used as an escape route which is opened in the event of an emergency (refer to Planning Guidelines on Gated Community and Guarded Neighbourhood).

For non-strata housing schemes, only two access roads for entrance and exit are encouraged.

Justi cation: More e ective and e cient supervision of vehicle access. Facilitate surveillance by CCTV.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

ACCESS

Source: Planning Guidelines on Gated Community and Guarded Neighbourhood, 2010

37



viii. Pedestrian bridges and yovers are not obstructed by objects like signages, banners, signboards, trees and outdoor signs.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS

38



Wide pedestrian walkways in front of shops

vix. For new business development:

Row of shops are encouraged to use the concept of double frontage, street mall and free standing building.

Five-foot way designed for row of shops is widened to 10 feet for pedestrians. The pedestrian walkways must be levelled and without any steps.

Design of row of shops without any ve-foot way is also encouraged to provide pedestrian walkways of 10 feet wide (this proposal does not con ict with the guidelines of the National Landscape Department, 2008 that is at a distance of 12 feet).

Encourage one-way streets in business areas. Encourage high pro le zones (bank activities, moneychangers,

goldsmith shops, 24 - hour convenience shops)

Justi cation: Improve consumer safety. Expand the views and improve the level of natural surveillance. To facilitate police monitoring. Encourage cost savings via sharing of safety equipment such as

CCTV, tra c calming, security alarms and others.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS

39



x. Provide connected and uninterrupted pedestrian walkways in residential areas, public facilities and communities of 1.52 metres wide (5 feet) and unobstructed by any permanent structures.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS

40



xi. Pedestrian walkways should be separated from motorised lanes with a bu er zone or street furniture such as: Bollard; Railing; Planting landscape; and Kerb of 90 degrees

For existing developed areas, use of street furniture at pedestrian walkways acts as an obstruction to snatch thefts.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS

Height: Railing is 1 m 1.1 m. Bollard is 0.9 m. Height should be tailored to

human scale.

Setback: Railing and bollard is placed

0.3 m from kerb.

41



xii. Elements of urban design along pedestrian walkways bu er zone should not hinder public view.

Height of small plants (shrubs) and hedges, street furniture or railings should not exceed 0.9 m (3).



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS

Source: Adapted and modi ed from Crime Prevention Through Housing Design, edited by Paul Stollard 1989 (pg.53)


42 CHECK LIST 3:ACCESS AND PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)

i. Ensure the siting of street furniture provide comfort to users and decreases the opportunities for crime.

ii. Plant hedges with a height of not more than 0.9 m (3) along pedestrian walkways in areas requiring high natural surveillance. This requirement does not con ict with Section 36 of the Street, Drainage and Building Act.

iii. Avoid planting of trees near to windows and roof of buildings.iv. Avoid planting trees or plants that can cover doors and windows,

obstruct lightings, signboards, CCTV and other security systems.v. Ensure signboards have bright colours with easily comprehensible

graphics and according to standards.

Safe landscape

LANDSCAPE AND ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN

LANDSCAPE AND ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN 43


vi. Locate signage at strategic locations such as main access, entrances and at node of activities.

vii. Encourage the use of multi-functional street furniture. For example, a lamp post could also be used for installation of signage, CCTV and others.

viii. Use suitable structures and durable building materials that are not easily vandalised.

Strategically located signboards that are easily visible, large, clear and brightly colored.

44


LANDSCAPE AND ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN

i. Elements of soft and hard landscape provided must:

Not obstruct sight line; Comply with Guidelines of the National Landscape Department;

and Take into account the height of matured trees.

Minimum height of lower branches of average or big tree should be 2.0 m (6) above ground.

Small plant (shrub) should not be higher than 0.9 m (3).



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

LANDSCAPE

Trees should be pruned so as not to obstruct views, endangering motorists and pedestrians.

2.0 m

0.9 metre(3 feet)

45


CHECK LIST 4:LANDSCAPE AND ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)

ii. Signboard or signages provided must have:

Information that is clear and easily read; Regular and frequent maintenance; Made of durable and vandal proof material; and Does not obstruct view and pedestrian walkways.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

Kelebaran Jalan

Saiz Ukuran Papan Tanda

Minimum

Perletakan(Jarak papan

tanda dari lokasi sebenar)

Jarak Pandangan Terhadap

Papan Tanda Yang Disyorkan

30 m 1.1 mp 180-245 m 75 m

30 m dan 20 m 3 mp 100-180 m 60 m

20 m, 12.2 m 15.2 m

0.5 mp 0.7 mp 45 100 m 60 m

1.5

m

0.9

m

Signage at predestrian walkways

Source: Garis Panduan Perancangan Papan Iklan Luar, 2009

ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN


46 CHECK LIST 4:LANDSCAPE AND ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)

i. The size of car parks provided must be according to the specications of the Local Authority.

ii. Car parks should be designed within easy view from the street and nearby buildings as well as optimising the use of natural day-light.

iii. Car parks should be within reach from nearby premises to enable easy natural surveillance and convenience to the user.

iv. Provide on-street car parking as a pedestrian barrier from motorised lanes.

v. Provide suitable element of urban design such as soft landscaping (shrubs) and hard landscaping (bollards, railings, signages) as a buer to separate motorist lanes or pedestrian walkways with on-street car parks with clear boundaries.

vi. Avoid hidden spots which can increase the potential occurrence of crime in car parking areas.

vii. Avoid provision of car parking areas isolated from main human activities and away from continuous and natural surveillance of public.

Car park is within easy view from the street and nearby buildings.

CAR PARKING

Landscaping with plants in car parks should not hinder public view.

Separate pedestrian walkways at car park areas.

viii. Provide security features such as CCTVs, security mirrors, warning signs and security guards in areas of weak natural surveillance and security.

ix. Regular and continuous maintenance of car parks to increase public condence level.

47

Department of Town and Country Planning, MalaysiaDepartment of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia

CAR PARKING

i. Centralised car parking should be designed facing the building or areas with high concentration of human activities.

Justi cation:Increase natural surveillance and safety.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

Example of car parks located within easy view from the street and nearby buildings.

Centralised car parking area should have natural surveillance and be within clear view from nearby buildings.

SENARAI SEMAK 5:TEMPAT LETAK KENDERAAN (SEMASA SEMAKAN PELAN SUSUN ATUR)

CAR PARKING

48


CHECK LIST 5:CAR PARKING (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)

ii. Car parks must be properly and adequately lit.

Justi cation: Provide a sense of security to users and increase fear of o enders

to commit a crime. Improve level of visibility of drivers and pedestrians to avoid

accidents.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

CAR PARKING

49


CHECK LIST 5:CAR PARKING (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)

iii. Motorcycle parking bays should be provided at areas wihin easy view, main access routes and not isolated.

Motorcycle parking bays with locking system is encouraged.

Justi cation:Reduce incidences of motorcycle thefts.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

CAR PARKING


50 CHECK LIST 5:CAR PARKING (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)

LIGHTINGi. Provide adequate lighting to backlanes,

hidden and dark places.ii. Ensure streets and pedestrian walkways

have optimum natural light during the day.

iii. Provide adequate lighting during the night so that the face of a person can be seen from a distance of 10 m and clearly recorded by CCTV.

Brightly lit areas with clear visibility

LIGHTING 51


i. Provide lighting on back and side lanes, front of buildings, pedestrian bridges and bus-stops.

Justi cation:Enable natural surveillance during the night.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

LIGHTING

52


CHECK LIST 6:LIGHTING (CONDITIONS FOR APPROVAL OF STREET LIGHTING PLAN & SITE INSPECTION)

ii. Bright and overlapping lighting should be provided to ensure the face of a person is easily identi able at a distance of 10 metres (32 feet) and clearly recorded on CCTV.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

Avoid dark spaces

Source: Draft on Lighting Implementation Guide, 2007

LIGHTING

53


CHECK LIST 6:LIGHTING (CONDITIONS FOR APPROVAL OF STREET LIGHTING PLAN & SITE INSPECTION)

iii. Lighting should be provided at existing entrapment areas.

Justi cation:Increase the visibility and safety of the public.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

ReligiousProvide lighting to entrapment spot at night

LIGHTING


54 CHECK LIST 6:LIGHTING (CONDITIONS FOR APPROVAL OF STREET LIGHTING PLAN & SITE INSPECTION)

SECURITY DEVICESi. Security devices such as CCTV, panic button, security mirror

and warning signboard should be provided along pedestrian walkways, at junctions or intersections between motorised lanes and pedestrian walkways, places of high population, high prole areas and crime prone areas as well as areas with weak natural surveillance.

ii. Install security devices infrastructure around and inside the building premises.

SECURITY DEVICES

Security devices

55


i. Security devices such as security alarm, emergency telephone, CCTV, security mirror, panic button, warning signboard and information should be provided accordingly:

Areas or places without clear visibility space; Potential and existing areas exposed to crime; Entrapment areas; Population concentration areas; and Security devices should be designed with durable materials that

cannot be easily vandalised.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

Security devices


56 CHECK LIST 7:SECURITY DEVICES (CONDITIONS FOR APPROVAL OF LAYOUT PLAN & SITE INSPECTION)

SECURITY DEVICES

Unoccupied and abandoned buildings should be fenced up Unkempt residential and commercial premises

MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCEi. Ensure that all areas and public or private buildings are properly

managed and maintained.i. Encourage planned monitoring such as security guards, rukun tetangga,

RELA, community policing to improve safety in an area. iii. Ensure the design of the premises and surrounding areas do not require

regular maintenance and high cost.

MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE 57


Landscape with plants that require low maintenance

i. Ensure that landscape plants and elements of urban design do not require regular maintenance and high cost.

Justi cation: The Local Authority or residents associations may maintain and keep

the surrounding areas in good order to create a sense of belonging.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious

MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE

58


CHECK LIST 8:MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE (SITE INSPECTION)

ii. Improved surveillance could be provided through rukun tetangga, community policing or security services.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious


59



iii. Signages for housing estates, roads and buildings should be clearly seen and easily read.



REMAKS

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Industrial Area

Public facilities



Public Toilet

Flyover

Pedestrian Bridge


Health

Education

Community Hall

Public Library

Welfare

Post O ce

Security

Religious


60



CPTED 2012

Documents

Transcript of CPTED 2012