CPR CardioPulmonary Resucitation What does CPR stand for? C = Cardio (heart) P = Pulmonary (lungs) R...

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Transcript of CPR CardioPulmonary Resucitation What does CPR stand for? C = Cardio (heart) P = Pulmonary (lungs) R...

Page 1: CPR CardioPulmonary Resucitation What does CPR stand for? C = Cardio (heart) P = Pulmonary (lungs) R = Resuscitation (recover)
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CPR

CardioPulmonary Resucitation

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What does CPR stand for?

•C = Cardio (heart)

•P = Pulmonary (lungs)

•R = Resuscitation (recover)

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CPRCPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

احي�اي قل�بي ري�وي ي�ك م�انور حي�ات

بخش اس�ت ك�ه ب�ه كم�ك آن تنفس و

گ�ردش خ�ون ف�رد مص�دوم حف�ظ مي

�ذايي و ��يدن موادغ��ا از نرس��ود ت�ش

اكس�يژن ب�ه مغ�ز او و م�رگ مغ�زي در

فرد جلوگيري شود.

ب�دون اين م�انور حي�اتي مي توان�د

احتي�اج ب�ه هيچ وس�يله اض�افي نج�ام ص�حيح و ب�ه ان�يز انج�ام گ�يرد و

موق�ع آن ج�ان انس�انهاي زي�ادي را

از مرگ حتمي نجات بخشد .

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• About 92 percent of sudden cardiac arrest victims die before reaching the hospital, but statistics prove that if more people knew CPR, more lives could be saved. Immediate CPR can double, or even triple, a victim’s chance of survival.

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Sudden Cardiac Arrest Or Heart Attack: Know The Difference• A heart attack occurs when a blocked artery keeps

oxygen-rich blood from reaching a section of the heart. If the blocked artery is not reopened quickly, the part of the heart normally nourished by that artery begins to die. The longer a person goes without treatment, the greater the damage. Symptoms of a heart attack may be immediate and intense. More often, though, symptoms start slowly and persist for hours, days or even weeks before the heart attack. The heart usually does not stop beating during a heart attack. Symptoms can differ in men and women.

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What is Cardiac Arrest?• Sudden cardiac arrest often occurs without

warning. It’s triggered by an electrical malfunction in the heart that causes an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). With its pumping action disrupted, the heart cannot send blood to the brain, lungs and other organs. Seconds later, a person loses consciousness and has no pulse. Death occurs within minutes if the victim does not receive treatment.

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What is the link?

• These two distinct heart conditions are linked. Sudden cardiac arrest can occur after a heart attack or during recovery.

• Heart attacks increase the risk for sudden cardiac arrest. Most heart attacks do not lead to sudden cardiac arrest but when sudden cardiac arrest occurs, heart attack is a common cause.

• Other heart conditions may also disrupt the heart’s rhythm and lead to sudden cardiac arrest. These include a thickened heart muscle (cardiomyopathy), heart failure, and arrhythmias, particularly ventricular fibrillation and long QT syndrome.

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قلبی ایست شایع و اصلی عللریوی

هوایی راه انسدادمتابولیک

الکترولیتی اختالالت دارویی مسمومیت

علل سایر گرفتگی برق شدگی غرق هایپوترمی

عروقی قلبی قلب ایسکمیک های بیماری قلبی های آریتمی کاردیومیوپاتی قلب مادرزادی های بیماری قلب احتقانی نارسایی

ریوی پنموتوراکس ریه آمبولی هایپوکسی

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CPR•  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as we recognize

it today was developed in the late 1950s and 1960s. • Elam and Safar described the technique and benefits

of mouth-to-mouth ventilation in 1958.• Kouwenhoven, Knickerbocker, and Jude subsequently

described the benefits of external chest compressions , which in combination with mouth-to-mouth ventilation form the basis of modern CPR.

• External defibrillation, first described in 1957 by Kouwenhoven, has since been incorporated into resuscitation guidelines.

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CPR

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رده بندی سنی در احیای قلبی ریوی

بزرگساالن•

سالگی(8تا1کودکان)•

نوزادان وشیرخواران)زیر یک •سال(

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پایه احیاء اقداماتBasic Life Support

( پایه احیاء اقدامات از حیات( BLSهدف و پرفیوژن حفظ و تأمین ) ( شدن فراهم با تا است مغز و قلب مهم و اصلی های بافت ( احیاء اقدامات تکمیلی و اختصاصی تمهیدات الزم، امکانات

. آید( عمل به پیشرفته:BLSمراحل از عبارتند ترتیب به

قربانی 1. تأثیرپذیری و پاسخ بررسی

کمک 2. درخواست

خون 3. گردش تأمین

باز 4. هوایی مجرای تأمین

تنفس5.

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Basic life support (BLS) consists of cardiopulmonar resuscitation and,

when available, defibrillation using automated external defibrillators (AED).

The keys to survival from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) are early recognition and treatment, specifically, immediate initiation of excellent CPR and early defibrillation.

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Goldenزمان طالییtime

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Important changes in the content or emphasis of the 2010 Guidelines for basic life support (BLS) include:• Emphasizing early recognition of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) by

noting unresponsiveness or absent/gasping breathing • Emphasizing the importance of the immediate initiation of

excellent CPR – “push hard, push fast” – with continuous attention to the quality of chest compressions, and to the frequency of ventilations

• Minimizing interruptions in CPR• For health care professional rescuers, taking no more than 10

seconds to check for a pulse• For single untrained rescuers, encouraging performance of

excellent chest compression-only CPR• Using automated external defibrillators as soon as available• Activating emergency medical services as soon as possible

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در صورت BLSمیزان موفقیت دقیقه اول مرگ 4شروع آن در 8 و بعد از 40ناگهانی تا %

خواهد بود.5دقیقه حدود %

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New CPR Sequence

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Compressions• A compression is the act of pushing on the

chest• People often don’t push hard enough

because they’re afraid of hurting the victim• An injury is unlikely, but it is better than

death• It is better to push too hard than not hard

enough

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Compressions

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Minimizing interruptions•  Interruptions in chest compressions during CPR,

no matter how brief, result in unacceptable declines in coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure and worse patient outcomes.

• Once compressions stop, up to one minute of continuous, excellent compressions may be required to achieve sufficient perfusion pressures

• Two minutes of CPR should be performed following any interruption.

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Compression-only CPR (CO-CPR)•  When multiple trained personnel are present, the

simultaneous performance of continuous excellent chest compressions, airway protection, and proper ventilation is recommended by the AHA for the management of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).

• The importance of ventilation increases with the duration of the arrest.

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Compression-only CPR (CO-CPR)• However, if a sole lay rescuer is present or multiple lay

rescuers are reluctant to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation, the AHA 2010 Guidelines encourage the performance of CPR using excellent chest compressions alone. The Guidelines further state that lay rescuers should not interrupt excellent chest compressions to palpate for pulses or check for the return of spontaneous circulation, and should continue CPR until an AED is ready to defibrillate, EMS personnel assume care, or the patient wakes up. Note that CO-CPR is not recommended for children or arrest of noncardiac origin (eg, near drowning). (See "Basic life support in infants and children".)

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Give Breaths• Compressions are the most important part

of CPR• If you are also able to give breaths, you will

help even more• Your breaths need to make the chest rise• When the chest rises, you know the person

has taken in enough air

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Open the Airway

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Give Breaths

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Ventilations • Proper ventilation for adults includes the following:• Give two ventilations after every 30 compressions for patients

without an advanced airway• Give each ventilation over no more than one second• Provide enough tidal volume to see the chest rise• Avoid excessive ventilation• Give one asynchronous ventilation every 8 to 10 seconds (six

to eight per minute) to patients with an advanced airway (eg, supraglottic device, endotracheal tube) in place

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مقابل ) 100تعداد حداقلانجام. 1• در قلبی ماساژ دقیقه در با(100 تقریبا بار

ماساژ .2• حداقل 5 حداقلعمق و بزرگساالن در متر سانتیکودکان و نوذادان سینه قفسه خلفی قدامی قطر سوم یک

مقابل) و تقریبادر نوزادان در متر سانتی متر 5چهار سانتی) کودکان در

برای. 3• سینه قفسه به کامل اجازه هر برگشت از بعدماساژ

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ماساژ.      4• قطع موارد رساندن حداقل بهحد.      5• از بیش ونتیالسیون از پرهیزتهویه.       6• به ماساژ ( 2به 30نسبت یک ) موارد در تغییر بدون

استثنای ) به نوذادان و کودکان بزرگساالن، احیاء برای نفره) شده متولد تازه توذادان

•7. شود.      اعمال ثانیه یک باید تنفس هردارد.      8• قرار تراشه محل در پیشرفته هوایی راه که زمانی در

حداقل ) ریت با شود می انجام وقفه بدون قلب ( 100ماساژ و بار . تنفس یک که صورت این به ندارد تهویه با هماهنگی برای نیازی

حدود ) 8الی 6هر در ( 10تا 8ثانیه داده بیمار به دقیقه در تنفس. شود. پرهیز حد از بیش تهویه از که شود توجه باید میشود

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احیاء مهمترین.      9• دستورالعمل در A-B-Cتغییر 2010تغییر( ) - - به خون گردش تنفس هوایی - )C-A-Bراه راه خون گردش

. ) باشد- می تنفس هوایی•a      . این دلیل ایست مهمترین از کثیری تعدا که است این تغییر

از که کسانی بیشترین و افتد می اتفاق بزرگساالن در قلبی هاییک مقابل در که بودند کسانی اند، کرده پیدا نجات قلبی ایست

انها ارست به منجر اولیه ریتم و اند شده ایست دچار شاهد . است بوده نبض بدون بطنی کاردی تاکی یا و بطنی فیبریالسیون

بقاء، اصلی عنصر بیماران این دفیبریالسیون در و قلبی ماساژ. )زودهنگام احیاء قبلی روش در باشد ماساژ ( A-B-Cمی انجام

. در ولی گرفت می صورت هوایی راه بازکردن از بعد تاخیر با. شود می شروع قلبی ماساژ بالفاصله جدید روش

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در مهم CPR تغییرات

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در مهم CPR تغییرات

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توصیه های کلی

در دقایق اول مرگ ناگهانی:.تنفس به اندازه ماساژ قلبی اهمیت ندارد سطح اکسیژن در خون چند دقیقه پس از ایست

قلبی باال است.

در طولCPR جریان خون بوسیله ماساژ قلبی تأمین می شود.

مطمئن شوید که ماساژ قلبی موثری را انجام میدهید.

هر گونه وقفه در ماساژ قلبی را به حداقلبرسانید.

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کلی های توصیه حین .CPRدر یابد می کاهش ریوی خون جریان

نسبتV/Q نرمال از کمتر تنفس تعداد و دمی حجم با. شود می حفظ

. دهد انجام هایپرونتیالسیون نبایستی کننده احیاء: است مضر و بوده ضروری غیر زیاد ونتیالسیون

. دهد می افزایش را توراکس داخل فشار. کند می کم را قلب به وریدی برگشت. کند می کم را ماندن زنده احتمال و قلبی ده برون

. کنید اجتناب زیاد فشار و حجم با تنفس از. شود رگورژیتاسیون باعث است ممکن

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کلی های توصیه

درCPR% قلبی ده برون ،33-25. است طبیعی مقدار دفع و اکسیژن جذب کاهش CO2همچنین ریه از

. یابد می تواند می نیز کم ای دقیقه تهویه نتیجه، در

حین در را موثر ونتیالسیون و CPRاکسیژناسیونکند .حفظ

درCPR جاری حجم میلی 600تا 500بزرگساالن،.mL/kg 7-6لیتر) است( کافی

حین در جاری قفسه CPRحجم که باشد آنقدر بایستی. بیاید باال بیمار سینه

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Use an AED• If you start CPR and

then use an AED within a few minutes, you will have the best chance of saving a life

• AEDs are safe, accurate, and easy to use

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AED Programs – Why?• 294,000 cases of EMS-treated out-of-

hospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) each year in the U.S.

• Less than one-third receive bystander CPR; even fewer receive bystander defibrillation

• Bystander CPR and time to defibrillation are key

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Defibrillation•  The effectiveness of early defibrillation in patients

with ventricular fibrillation (VF) and short "downtimes" is well supported by the resuscitation literature and early defibrillation is a fundamental recommendation of the AHA 2010 BLS Guidelines

• For BLS, a single shock from an automated external defibrillator (AED) is followed by the immediate resumption of excellent chest compressions. For advanced cardiac life support, a single shock is still recommended regardless of whether a biphasic or monophasic defibrillator is used.

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Pulse checks and rhythm analysis

•  It is essential to minimize delays and interruptions in the performance of excellent chest compressions. Therefore, pulse checks and rhythm analysis should only be performed during a planned interruption at the two minute interval following a complete cycle of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Even short delays in the initiation or brief interruptions in the performance of CPR can compromise cerebral and coronary perfusion pressure and decrease survival. Following any interruption, sustained chest compressions are needed to regain pre-interruption rates of blood flow.

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• Wide variation exists in the ability of both lay rescuers and healthcare providers to determine pulselessness accurately and efficiently.

• Therefore, the AHA 2010 BLS Guidelines recommend that untrained rescuers begin CPR immediately, without a pulse check, as soon as they determine a patient is unresponsive with abnormal respirations.

• Healthcare providers must not spend more than 10 seconds checking for a pulse, and should start CPR immediately if no pulse is felt.