CPR Course Level 1 CPR & AED Level A 1 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation & Automated External...

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CPR Course Level 1 CPR & AED Level A 1 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation & Automated External Defibrillator

Transcript of CPR Course Level 1 CPR & AED Level A 1 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation & Automated External...

Page 1: CPR Course Level 1 CPR & AED Level A 1 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation & Automated External Defibrillator.

CPR Course Level 1

CPR & AEDLevel A

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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation & Automated External Defibrillator

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Course Outline1. Welcome, Introductions, Administration2. Mission & Vision3. Good Samaritan Act & Legal Issues4. Disease Transmission & Barrier Devices5. The heart6. Risk Factors for Heart Disease7. Stroke, T.I.A, Angina and Heart Attack8. Adult Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)9. Recovery Position10. Choking11. Cardiac Arrest Information12. Heart Rhythms13. Automated External Defibrillator (AED)14. Quiz15. Questions and Wrap Up

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canfitpro

United as members, canfitpro delivers the world’s best, accessible, affordable, and attainable fitness education and experiences.

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Mission

VisionAs the leading global provider of fitness and wellness education, canfitpro empowers people to lead passionate and fulfilling lives through safe, fun, and effective physical activity.

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Five Common Fears

• Doing the wrong thing / making things worse

• Getting sued

• Personal safety

• Diseases

• Dealing with blood / gross situations

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The Good Samaritan Act

• Identify yourself

• Ask Permission

• Act Reasonable

(no cutting, sewing or poking)

• Stay with victim

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Legal Issues

• Once you initiate aid to a victim, you must continue CPR unless:●It is necessary in order to activate EMS

(infant CPR sequence)

●Someone with equal or greater training takes over

●Continuing to provide assistance would be unsafe

●You are physically exhausted

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Legal Issues

• Consent must be obtained from a victim before a rescuer can provide assistance.

• Consent is implied if;●Victim is unconscious

●Victim is under 18 yrs of age and no guardian is available

●The victim is intoxicated or delusional, or the rescuer at least believes they are

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Disease Transmission / Barrier Devices

Barrier devices are typically available as a face shield or face mask.

A face mask is ideal as it reduces exposure to the rescuer (a face shield does not reduce risk as much as a face mask).

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The Human Heart

The function of the heart is to circulate (pump) blood throughout the body to provide oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products.

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The Human Heart

• The heart has four chambers

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The Human Heart

• The Heart’s Electrical Path

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The heart's electrical system controls the synchronized and rhythmic pumping efficiency of the heart.

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The Human Heart

• Problems with the heart's electrical system can cause heart rhythm disorders that may lead to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).

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What is the number one killer of north americans?

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Risk Factors

●Diabetes●Age●High Blood Pressure●Being Overweight●Gender●High Blood Cholesterol●Excessive Alcohol Consumption●Family History●Physical Inactivity●Smoking●Stress●Ethnicity●Prior stroke

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Risk Factors

Preventable

●Diabetes●High Blood Pressure●High Blood Cholesterol●Being Overweight●Excessive Alcohol

Consumption●Physical Inactivity●Smoking●Stress

Not preventable

●Age●Gender●Family History●Ethnicity●Prior Stroke

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Signs and Symptoms

Signs: A sign is an objective indication of something that is typically detected by a physician; a sign is discovered by a physician.

Symptoms: A symptom is a subjective indication of something that is typically reported by a patient; a symptom is experienced by a patient.

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Stroke & TIA

Ischemic StrokeIschemic stroke is a life-threatening event in which part of the brain does not receive enough oxygen, usually due to a blood clot lodged in a cerebral artery.

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Stroke & TIA

Signs and Symptoms

● numbness● sudden weakness● trouble speaking● vision problems● severe headache● dizziness

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Heart Attack, Angina & Cardiac Arrest

Angina: a disease caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery.

Heart Attack: death to an area of the HEART muscle due to a lack of oxygen.

Cardiac Arrest: complete cessation of cardiac activity (heartbeat).

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Heart Attack

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Heart Attack

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Assess Environment

●Check for hazards (ladder, glass, chemicals, etc.)

●What is the risk to you? What, if any, further risk is there to the victim?

●What happened?

●How many victims are there?

●Is the scene changing?

●Is there an AED or First Aid kit close by?

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Determine Responsiveness

Shout or speak loudly to victim and ask if they are okay.

Squeeze or pinch shoulders.

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Activate EMS

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Activate EMS

●Provide the dispatcher with the number of victims, age, gender condition and location of emergency.

●Stay on line until the dispatcher tells you it is okay to hang up.

●If a bystander calls EMS, ask them to report back to you to ensure that EMS has been activated.

●Ask dispatcher the estimated time of arrival for EMS.

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Utilizing Bystanders

●Phone EMS●Wait for EMS●AED available●Remove hazards from scene●Crowd control●Get supplies (e.g., blankets)●Protect victim’s belongings●Write down details of

incident

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Open Airway

Perform a head tilt, chin lift by placing the heel of one hand on the victim’s forehead, and the fingers of the other hand under victim’s chin.

Tilt head back to allow airway to open.

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Check for Breathing

Place your ear over the victim’s mouth and nose to allow you to be able to listen and feel for exhaled air (5 sec).

Watch the victim’s chest to see if there is any movement.

A victim that is gasping for air is not considered “breathing”.

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Compressions

●Place heel of one of your hands on the victim’s chest.

●Centre this hand between the victim’s nipples.

●Place your other hand on top of this hand.

●Push hard and fast (rate should be 100 compressions per minute).

●Count “one and, two and, three and”, etc.

●Be sure to allow chest to come back to normal position between compressions.

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Compressions

●Landmarking for compressions is just between the nipples of the victim.

●Compression depth should be 5 cm, or 2 inches.

●Aim for ~100 compressions every minute, or just under two compressions per second.

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Rescue Breathing

• Seal victim’s mouth and pinch the nose closed.

•Give two normal breaths (allow each breath to be delivered over one second).

• Ensure the victim’s chest rises.

•Allow chest to return to normal position before providing next breath.

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PRACTICE

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Adult CPR (One Rescuer Sequencing)

1. Assess environment2. Determine unresponsiveness3. Activate EMS4. Attempt to get AED5. Open airway6. Check for breathing7. Landmark and begin compressions8. Provide two rescue breaths9. 30 compressions:2 breaths until EMS arrives

or victim responds to treatment

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Recovery Position

An unconscious adult who is breathing and has no other life threatening emergencies should be placed in the recovery position.While a victim is in the recovery position, you are able to continually reassess his or her status, check vitals, and maintain an open airway.

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Choking

• Unable to speak• Unable to cough• Hands at throat• Face changing

colour

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Choking

1. Determine severity of obstruction.

2. If mild, encourage coughing and reassure victim.

3. If severe, shout for help, start cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until airway is clear, or victim becomes unconscious.

Conscious Adult

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Choking

1. Assess environment2. Determine responsiveness3. Activate EMS4. Attempt to obtain AED5. Open airway6. Assess breathing7. Landmark and provide 30 chest

compressions8. Look in mouth for object (remove only if object seen)9. Give one rescue breath, if it fails reposition head and try again10. Repeat sequence until successful or EMS arrives

Unconscious Adult

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Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart's electrical system malfunctions and the heart stops beating.

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Did you Know…

• More than 35,000 Canadian lives are lost each year due to cardiac arrest. • Defibrillation improves survival rates by up to 30 % if delivered in the first few minutes. • With each passing minute, the probability of survival declines by 7 to 10%. • Making defibrillators easily accessible has the potential to save thousands of lives.

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Did you Know…

• In SCA, ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation causes the heart to beat too fast.

●Ventricular tachycardia (VT), a dangerously fast rhythm in the lower two chambers of the heart.

●Ventricular fibrillation (VF), a rapid and chaotic quivering of the ventricles, which can be triggered by episodes of VT.

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Did you Know…

Normal Sinus RhythmSinus arrhythmia refers to the normal increase in heart rate that

occurs when you breathe in.

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Did you Know…

Ventricular tachycardia (VT)An abnormal contraction of the ventricles that lead to ventricular fibrillation and sudden death.

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Did you Know…

Ventricular fibrillation (VF)A chaotic heartbeat that often precedes cardiac arrest.

When the heart is in fibrillation, there is no effective blood being supplied from to any part of the body, breathing stops and cardiac arrest occurs.

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Did you Know…

Ventricular fibrillation (VF)

• VF is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)!

• The only definitive treatment for SCA is defibrillation - an electric current that "shocks" the heart so that a normal rhythm may resume.

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Did you Know…

Asystole (Flat Line)A flat line means the person's heart has stopped altogether.

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What is an AED?

• An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a machine that can monitor heart rhythms.

• It can tell if the heart has stopped beating effectively.

• If required, the machine can then deliver an electric shock to the heart.

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What is an AED?

Do AED units replace the use of CPR?

• The AED does not take the place of CPR.

• The AED’s function is to correct the underlying rhythm when the heart is in V-Fib.

• CPR's function is to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body.

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What is an AED?

Not everyone can be saved from SCA, even with defibrillation. But early defibrillation, especially when delivered within three minutes of a person's collapse from SCA, does provide the best chance.

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How AED Units Work

Defibrillators work by giving the heart a controlled electric shock, forcing all the heart muscles to contract at once, and, hopefully jolting it back into a regular rhythm.

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How AED Units Work

• Turn “ON” AED unit• Voice and visual

instructions occur immediately.

• Follow prompts.

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SA NODE

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When pads are attached to the patient the AED will automatically assess the patient.

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Prompts: “Assessing heart rhythm” and “Do not touch the patient”

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When ready to deliver a shock, the unit will advise:• “Press the shock button now”• Button will illuminate when

system is charged

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AED units are designed only to recognize VF or VT and advise the user to deliver and electric shock.

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How AED Units Work

• Defibrillation works only if there is already electrical activity going on in the heart.

• A defibrillator doesn't work if a person is in flat line. Since a defibrillator stops the heart, it wouldn't make sense to stop a heart that is already stopped.

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How AED Units Work

How many Shocks?Only one, Followed by CPR.

● When shock is advised, give one shock, then immediately give five cycles, or about two minutes of CPR.

● When no shock is advised, immediately give five cycles, or about two minutes of CPR.

● If at any time you notice an obvious sign of circulation, stop CPR and monitor ABCs.

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How AED Units Work

AED Algorithm

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What about Liability

Chase McEachern Act – Bill 171• Protects individuals from liability for damages that

may occur in relation to their use of an AED to save someone’s life at the immediate scene of an emergency, unless damages are caused by gross negligence.

• This legislation came in to effect on July 3, 2007.

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CPR & AED

Quiz

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Questions?Comments?

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Please fill out an evaluation form and return to me.

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Thank you!

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