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A CHRONOLOGY
CHRISTIAN WAGNERBachelor of Architecture - Carnegie Mellon University
ARTICHOKEPATHDRAWINGPRECEDENTBENCHMUSICDIGITAL MEDIAROCK & ROLL
ARTICHOKE
ARTICHOKE
PATH
PATH
DRAWING
DRAWING
PRECEDENT
PRECEDENT
BENCH
benchBENCH
MUSIC
MUSIC
1
DIGITAL MEDIA
DIGITAL MEDIA
ROCK & ROLL
ROCK & ROLL
MUSEUM ANNEXBRIDGEBLINDMOBILE LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYSTAR WARS
BRIDGE
BRIDGE
MUSEUM ANNEX
MUSEUM ANNEX
BLINDpartners: Andrew Werner, Annie Bodhidatta, Zach Reed, Patrick Russell
BLINDpartners: Andrew Werner, Annie Bodhidatta, Zach Reed, Patrick Russell
MOBILE LIBRARY
MOBILE LIBRARY
MEDICAL LIBRARY
MEDICAL LIBRARY
STAR WARS
STAR WARS
SUMMER STUDY ABROAD:HONG KONGSHANGHAIBEIJINGXI’ANSINGAPORE
STUDY ABROAD
STUDY ABROAD
STUDY ABROAD
STUDY ABROAD
ROWINGDIGIFABSTEEL MUSEUM ANNEXSTEEL MUSEUMINTELLIGENT WORKPLACENINTENDO
ROWINGpartner: Diana Lui
ROWINGpartner: Diana Lui
DIGIFABpartner: Coleman Rusnock
steel museumDIGIFABpartner: Coleman Rusnock
STEEL MUSEUM ANNEXpartner: Lindsey Darwish
STEEL MUSEUM ANNEXpartner: Lindsey Darwish
STEEL MUSEUM
STEEL MUSEUM
access to NatureMaximize individual access to the natural environment.
Europe and Scandinavia have guaranteed every worker seated access to a window with views, setting a maximum distances of 7 meters, or 20 feet from the window wall. In Switzerland and Scandinavia they have further guaranteed access to operable windows in each workplace (NKB 91).
In a 1990 survey of over 2000 employees in two buildings at the U.S. Department of Energy, Carnegie Mellon University’s Center for Building Performance identified 10-20% lower sick building
symptoms among employees with seated views of windows, controlling for rank [5]. Whether user perception of personal health is improved due to the light, view, perimeter conditioning systems, or increased level of environmental control (blinds, HVAC controls) nearer to the window is unclear. Regardless, there is significant benefit in a workforce that has fewer health symptoms across the board supported by the provision of seated access to the natural environment.
Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:
Ulrich, R. (1984) View Through a Window May Influence Recovery From Surgery. Science, 224(4647), pp.420-421.
Heschong, Mahone Group, Inc. (2003) Windows and Offices: A study of office worker performance and the indoor environments, California Energy Commission Technical Report.
Pennsylvania Hospital/ Ulrich 1984 [1] Window View of Nature = Health
In a 1984 field study in a Pennsylvania hospital, Ulrich identifies an 8.5% reduction in post-operative hospital stay (7.96 days versus 8.7 days) for gall bladder surgery patients who had a view of a natural scene from their hospital room, as compared to those with a view of a brick wall. Patients with a view of a natural scene also received fewer negative evaluations from nurses and took fewer strong analgesics.
First cost increase: $1,000 /employeeAnnual productivity savings: $2,990 /employee
ROI: 299%
SMUD/ Heschong Mahone 2003 [3] Window View of Nature = Productivity
In a 2003 building case study of the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) Call Center, Heschong et al identify a 6% to 7% faster Average Handling Time (AHT) for employees with seated access to views through larger windows with vegetation content from their cubicles, as compared to employees with no view of the outdoors.
First cost increase: $5,000 /bedAnnual productivity savings: $2,237 /bed
ROI: 45%
cOOL StratEGiES
HOt PrOJEctS
Increase the periphery to provide windows and views for each occupant.
Design enriched access to outdoor spaces.
rESEarcH
HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS
OBJEctiVES
• FingerPlanBuildings• CourtyardBuildings• 7meters(20feet)maximum distance to a window• Highvis,lowsolar• Highvis,Highsolar• Glarecontrolforclearviews• Viewsofnature• Viewsofcommunity• Openaccesstooutdoors• Connectedoutdoorspaces• Indoorplantwalls
“While the field of “bio-philia” is emerging to clarify the importance of access to nature to human well-being, all aspects of access to the natural
environment should be pursued: views, daylight, sunlight, fresh air, breezes, natural comfort,
passive survivability, access to outdoor spaces and activities, extended work or living space, circadian rhythms, seasons, climate variations, and nature’s
sounds, smells and life.”
BENEFITS • Views• Daylight• Sunlight• CircadianRhythm• NaturalVentilation • ConnectiontoOutdoors• Biophilia
Dutch Ministry of Forestry Bhenisch Holland (Photo: re-Design 3)
1
10Systems integrationInnovate through systems
integration
Pursue prefabricated, climate specific, high performance.
Integrate structure and enclosure for heat loss/heat gain control, shading and glare control, and daylighting.
Integrate fire and enclosure for load balancing innovations
Integrate HVAC and enclosure for natural ventilation, load balancing, passive and active solar.
Integrate interior systems and enclosure systems for access to nature, daylighting, natural ventilation, shade and glare control, and passive solar heating.
OBJEctiVES
Fisher, J. C. Ní Riain, F. MacKenzie, J. Littler (2000) BRE’s environmental building: energy performance in use. CIBSE Conference Paper.
Green Roofs for Healthy Cities (2003) Green Roof Awards of Excellence – Profile of Award Winners, The First Annual Green Roof Infrastructure Conference, May 29-30, 2003, Chicago, Illinois.
Smedje&Norback2000(School)Floor-based ventilation + Increased outside air = Health
In a 2000 multiple building study of 39 schools in Sweden, Smedje and Norbackidentifya69%reductionin the 2-year incidence of asthma among students in schools that received a new displacement ventilation system with increased fresh air supply rates, as compared to students in schools that did not receive a new ventilation system.
Bren Hall / Aigner 2002Photovoltaic System = Energy Savings
In a 2000 building case study of BRE’s Environmental office building inGarston,UK,Fisheretalidentifya 66% annual energy savings comparedtoatypicaltypeIIIUKoffice building due to the use of thermal mass, natural ventilation, passive and low energy cooling, daylighting, high performance electric lighting, and on-site power generation.
Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:
HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS
cOOL StratEGiES • Prefabricated,DesignforDisassembly• Structureasshadeand light• Structureasthermal flywheel• Structureasshade• Enclosureaspower generation• EnclosureasHVAC distribution• GreenwallasHVACfilter• Enclosureandinteriorsas daylight source • EnclosureandInteriorsas natural ventilation path• Fireegressasshade• FireasHVACtransport• Watermanagementas ornament
HOt PrOJEctS
Two-year incidence of symptoms in students attending schools with and without new ventilation systems
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Pollen/petallergy
Asthma ever Currentasthma
Any asthmasymptoms
More asthmasymptoms
in1995 than1993
New ventilation system
No new ventilation system
DaylightingDesign daylighting as the dominant light source for both task and ambient lighting 2
Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:
Electric Power Research Institute (1997) Performance Evaluation of EnergyEfficientLightingandOfficeTechnologiesinNewYorkCity-Final Report. June 1997, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA..
Boyce,P.R.,Beckstead,J.W.,Eklund,N.H,Strobel,R.W.,and Rea, M.S. (1997). Lighting the Graveyard Shift: The Influence of a daylight-simulating skylight on the task performance and mood of night-shift workers. Lighting Research and Technology 29(3), 105-134.
NYCFederalBuilding/EPRI1997Daylight Lighting control = Energy savings
In a 1997 before and after building casestudyoftheNewYorkCityfederalbuilding, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) identifies 64% lighting energy savings and net HVAC energy savings of 0.07 kWh per square foot annually following the installation of an energy-efficient lighting system with daylight dimming and lumen maintenance controls.
Boyce et al 1997Daylight spectrum and timing = Individual productivity
In a 1997 controlled experiment, Boyce et al identify a 1.6-12.8% improvement in night-shift workers’ performance on short-term memory and logical reasoning tasks under large skylight-simulating fixtures with hidden fluorescent lamps, capable of providing fixed or variable illuminance from 200 lux to 2800 lux. Performance was enhanced by fixed high illuminance of 2800 lux and by steadily decreasing illuminance that simulated daylight from midday to dusk, as compared to fixed low illuminance of 250 lux or steadily increasing illuminance that simulated daylight from dawn to midday.
“The daylight fixture – window and skylight - will need appropriate
orientation, size, reflector-frame design and lens-blind design as well as the corresponding design of the room
to ensure effective light distribution without glare. “
Design daylight as the dominant light source for ambient and task requirements.
Design and specify windows as light fixtures -appropriateorientation,size,glazing,anddynamic exterior, integral and interior controls – in relation to the design of the room.
In retrofitting deep buildings, explore light wells, light ducts and light pipes.
Design regionally to manage heat loss/gain, glare, and solar gain.
Integrate daylight with nighttime electrical lighting and controls.
HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS
OBJEctiVES
• Fingerorcourtyardplans• Clerestories• Bi-laterallighting• Highvisibletransmission glazing• Externallightshelves• Internallightshelves• Lightshelfvenetianblinds• Frittedglass,integralblinds• Highlyreflectiveceilingtiles• Daylightexpertskylights• LightwellsandLightpipes• Daylightresponsivecontrols
HOt PrOJEctS
cOOL StratEGiES
Daylit classrooms, offices, and hospitals contribute to greater health and performance at task. Light levels can be higher without energy penalty; full spectrum light offers rich color rendition and 3-dimensional modeling; circadian rhythms set by daylight variations throughout the day trigger melatonin production and sleep patterns; views meet fundamental human needs.
MaximizetheuseofDaylightingwithout glare Select the highest quality lighting quality fixtures
Separate task and ambient light
Design Plug-and-play lighting and dynamic lightingzones
Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:
HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS
3Natural VentilationProvide natural ventilation as the dominant fresh air and cooling source with mixed mode conditioning
Design the building shape, orientation and openingstomaximizecrossandstackventilationfor delivering breathing air and passive cooling.
Engineer the HVAC system to provide air conditioning for thermal comfort and ventilation for air quality only when and where natural ventilation is inadequate – the definition of mixed mode conditioning.
Engineer ventilation effectiveness: fresh air volumes, fresh air path, distributed air sources, facade integrated HVAC.
Explore night ventilation with the building or storage as flywheel.
Engineer and integrate the natural ventilation/natural cooling controls and the HVAC controls.
OBJEctiVES
“Natural ventilation and natural cooling is possible whenever outside conditions are within or
below the comfort zone both day and night, and international studies consistently link increases in
outdoor air supply to both productivity and health gains in the workplace (Fisk, Mendell et al).”
cOOL StratEGiES
Preziosi P., S. Czerniichow, P. Gehanno, and S. Hercberg (2004) Workplace air-conditioning and health services attendance among French middle-aged women: a prospective cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 33(5), pp.1120-1123.
Rowe, David (2002) Pilot Study Report: Wilkinson Building, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
CA Healthy Building Study / Mendell 1991 Natural Ventilation = Health
In a 1991 multiple building study of 880 workers in eleven office buildings in the San Francisco bay area, Mendell identified 20% - 81% reductions in reported SBS symptoms for occupants of naturally ventilated buildings as compared to occupants of office buildings with air conditioning or mechanical ventilation.
Preziosi et al 2004Natural ventilation = Health + Individual Productivity
In a 2004 multiple building study of professional middle-aged women in France, Preziosi et al identify a 57.1% reduction in absenteeism, a 16.7% reduction in medical services use (doctor visits), and a 34.8% reduction in hospital stays among subjects with natural ventilation in their workplace, as compared to those with air conditioning.
Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:
HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS
• Pressureinducedventilation(wind)• Thermal/stackinducedventilation• Solarinducedventilation• Faninducedventilationandexhaust• Largeyetairtightapertures (ventilation with infiltration control)• ‘Drop-kick’awningwindowsthat shed the rain• Atriaandchimneysw/largevolume fresh air paths • Bigroomfans• Automatedwindowandvent controls • ThroughthefaçadeHVAC• Displacementventilationsystems• Windowcoupledfancoils• Distributedairhandlers• Shadedlandscapeairintake• Breathingwalls
HOt PrOJEctSCommerzbank Frankfurt - Foster and ArupQueens College Leicester UK Short & Ford
Building Research Establishment UK
Commerzbank, FrankfurtQueens college Leicester UK Short and Ford
4Heat Loss/Heat GainMinimize enclosure heat loss/heat gain
“The design community needs to rediscover the opportunities of dynamic thermal performance of building enclosures, with high resistance louvers, curtains, and dynamic layered facades changing heat transfer characteristics hour by hour, day to
night, or season by season. “
Design climate specific surface orientations and exposures (including HVAC).
Design climate specific ratio of window to wall to reflect all desired energy flows, with potential for dynamic thermal performance.
Design for highest integrated resistance to heat loss/heat gain and best mean radiant temperatures for indoor comfort.
Design to eliminate thermal bridging in walls, roofs and foundations.
Design climate specific green roofs.
OBJEctiVES
Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:
HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS
HannulaM.,NiemelaR.,RautioS.,andReijulaK.(2000)Theeffectsofindoor climate on productivity. In Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2000, Vol. 1, pp 659-664.
Telecommunication Office / Hannula et al 2000Individual temperature control = Individual productivity
In a 2000 field case study of telecommunication office workers in Finland, Hannula et al identify a 2.8% increase in measured productivity in north-facing offices with an average temperature of 23.6°C (range 21.9-27.8°C) as compared to south-facing offices with an average temperature of 25.2°C (range 22.8-28°C), supporting the need for improved heat gain control by orientation.
W.J.Stec,A.H.C.vanPaassen,A.Maziarz,Modelingthedoubleskinfacade with plants, Energy and Buildings 37 (2005) 419–427.
TanzGreenhouse/BassandBaskaran2000Green walls = Energy Savings
Ina2000controlledexperimentatTanzGreenhouse at the University of Toronto and a follow-up computer simulation study, Bass and Baskaran identify a 23% reduction in cooling load and a 20% reduction in the fan energy use, for an 8% reduction in total annual energy consumption, when a green wall was used to shade an exterior surface of the building, as compared to an unshaded surface.
HOt PrOJEctS
cOOL StratEGiES• HighRfacades• Superwindows>R8• Nonconvectivegases– Krypton,Argon• TransparentInsulations, nanogels• Framingwithoutthermal bridges • Structureandcantilever without thermal bridges • Nightinsulation,rigid, rolling, pleated• Superinsulatedroofs, vented roofs• Greenroofs• Doubleenvelopes Centria
Loblolly House
5Shading with LightDesign for climate responsive shading
and glare control
““The most challenging façade development in the past ten years, has been the double envelope. When a second facade is introduced 5 to 15 feet from the window wall, the intermediate space can be used to moderate the environment - heat, light, wind,
noise, pollution and other environmental stresses. These second facades house layers of shading, light redirection, air redirection, thermal load balancing, mechanical conditioning, and even dynamic levels
of resistance to heat loss and gain. “
Sizeandlocatewindowsforshadingandglarecontrol.
Design integral shading and light redirection devices.
Design exterior shading and light redirection devices.
Design interior shading and light redirection devices.
Shade or vent walls, roofs and site; store or move energy.
Design climate specific green roofs and green walls.
Shade HVAC units and fresh air intake.
OBJEctiVES
Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:
HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS
Parker, D., Sonne, J., and Sherwin, J. (2002). Comparative Evaluation of the Impact of Roofing Systems on Residential Cooling Energy Demand in Florida. Proceedings of ACEEE 2002 Summer Study, American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, Washington, DC, August 2002.
Florida Sustainable Energy Center / Parker et al 2002Cool Roof = Energy Savings + Peak Demand Reduction + Extended Roof Life
In a 2002 multiple building controlled experiment in Florida, Parker et al of the Florida Solar Energy Center identify 17.8-24.9% annual cooling energy savings and a 28.5-35.5% peak cooling load reduction from highly reflective white metal, white barrel tile, and white flat tile roofing; 9.5% annual cooling energy savings and a 12.9% peak cooling load reduction from terra cotta tile roofing; and 3.2% annual cooling energy savings and a 17.2% peak cooling load reduction from white asphalt shingles, as compared to dark asphalt shingles, on a single-family house.
HOt PrOJEctS
cOOL StratEGiES• Southandnorthglazingorientationskey!• Skylightorientationsand/ordynamic shading • Highlyreflectivematerials&coatings(eg white roofs)• Newglazingtechnologieswithshading layers eg:
Integral shading devices: • lowsolarheatgaincoefficient• Staticshading-suspendedparticle glazing(fritandPV)• Selectiveshading-prismatic/ holographic/liquidcrystalglazing• Variableshading-electrochromicglazing
Exterior shading devices: • Fixedoverhangs,lightshelves,fins, screens• Greenwalls-seasonallydynamicshading• Dailydynamicexteriorblinds,awnings, brise soleil• Glass,aluminum,fabricshades• Motorizedcontrolsfordynamicshading
Interior shading devices • rolldownmeshshades• pleatedshades• horizontal&verticalvenetianblinds• lightshelfvenetianblinds• shuttersandscreens• Motorizedcontrolsfordynamicshading
Centria
Queens College Leicester UK Short & Ford
Petronas University, Malaysia Foster
Sidwell Friends School, Kieran Timberlake
ZEO Building, Malaysia
6Load BalancingEngineer load balancing and mean
radiant temperature
Design radiant conditions for comfort and energy efficiency.
Design core to perimeter load balancing with façade mechanical systems.
DesignN/S/E/Wloadbalancing. Design day-night load balancing.
Design ground coupling and community load balancing.
OBJEctiVES
Both air flow windows and water flow mullion systems enable excess heat from the core – heat from occupancy, lights and equipment - to be effectively dissipated through the façade, providing core-to-perimeter load balancing.
Since there are also significant load imbalances at different façade orientations, double envelopes can support north-south-east-west load balancing.
TheOccidentalbuildinginNiagaraFallsuses70%less heating and cooling energy than a conventional officebuildinginupstateNewYork(Bazjanac1980).Double envelope façade
Nightventilationofabuildingsstructuralmasscan successfully reduce or eliminate cooling loads in cooler climates or climates with day-night load balancing.
Ten feet below ground, and in underground aquifers, the temperatures are surprisingly stable at year-round (inter-seasonal) averages of approximately 55oF, making “ground or aquifer coupling” load balancing excellent for low energy cooling and pre-heating.
DEFiNitiONS
Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:
HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS
Imanari,T., T. Omori and K.Bogaki (1999) Thermal comfort and energy consumption of the radiant ceiling panel system. Comparison with the conventional all-air system. Energy and Buildings. Vol. 30, pp167-175.
Seppanen, O. William J. Fisk, and David Faulkner, “Cost benefit analysis of the night-time ventilative cooling in office building” (June 1, 2003). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Imanari et al 1999Radiant Cooling = Individual Productivity + Energy Savings
In a 1999 controlled field experiment and simulation study, Takehito et al identify a measured 22% increase in speed and a 1.5% improvement in accuracy on simple tasks among women subjects and a simulated 10% HVAC energy savings in the Tokyo climate from a radiant ceiling panel system, as compared to conventional ceiling-based conditioning.
Seppanen et al 2003Night ventilation cooling = Individual productivity
In a 2003 meta-analysis study, Seppänen et al identify a productivity increase equivalent to 0.39 hours of work per day (4.9% for an eight-hour workday) due to night-time ventilative cooling, a very energy-efficient method of reducing daytime indoor temperatures by using night-time air to cool a building’s structure and furnishings.
cOOL StratEGiES
HOt PrOJEctS
“Building enclosures should be designed as the environmental skin of the building’s circulatory
system”
• Superinsulatedfacades, floors, and roofs• Airflowwindows• Watermullions• Doubleenvelopefacades• Nightventilationof thermal mass• ‘Cooltubes’• Groundsourceradiant, fan coil, or heat pumps systems• Groundcoupledfacades• Aquiferbasedaqua- thermal systems
Mont-Cenis Jourda + Perraudin
7Passive and active SolarDesign for climate responsive shad-
ing and glare control
Integrate passive solar heating in cool climates – direct, indirect, isolated gain
Integrate active solar thermal for heating and potential power generation
Integrate solar photovoltaic power for shading, ventilation, cooling, lighting, power
Integrate wind systems in the building enclosure
OBJEctiVES
Choi, Joonho. (2005). Study of the Relationship between Indoor daylight Environments and Patient Average Length of Stay (ALOS) in Healthcare Facilities, Unpublished master’s thesis, Department of Architecture, Texas A&M University. College Station, TX.
Aigner, D. J. (2002). Bren Hall - A Living Laboratory. Solar Today, July/August, 28-31.
Inha University Hospital / Choi 2005Sunlight = Health
In a 2005 building case study of InhaUniversityHospitalinKorea,Choi identified a 41% reduction (3.2 days) in average length of stay among gynecology patients in brightly daylit rooms (317 lux average), as compared to those in dull rooms, in the spring, and an average 26% reduction (1.9 days) in average length of stay among surgery ward patients in bright rooms, as compared to those in dull rooms, in the fall. Across all seasons, the average daylight illuminance in bright rooms was 317 lux, compared to 190 lux in dull rooms.
Bren Hall / Aigner 2002Photovoltaic System = Energy Savings
In a building case study of Bren Hall, a LEED Platinum-rated building at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), Aigner identified that the building’s 47kW rooftop photovoltaic system reduces purchased electricity consumption by 7-10% annually, at a first cost of $240,000, for an ROI of 5%.
Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:
HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS
cOOL StratEGiES
HOt PrOJEctS
Passive solar heating. • highsolartransmissionglass• phasechangestoragematerials• trombewalls• waterwalls• thermosiphonSolarWall™• SolarWindow
Active solar hot water and Active solar cooling• flatplatesolarthermal• evacuatedtubesolarthermal• concentratingmirrorsolar thermal
Active solar power• BuildingintegratedPhotovoltaic (BIPV)• thinfilmphotovoltaicroofsand walls • PVcollectorsasshading• PVintegratedglazing
Wind power generation • micro-turbinesasparapetsand void fillers• windfarmsasrooftops
Tate, Snyder, Kimsey Architects LV Animal Shelter COTE Top 10
8WaterDesign for Rain, Ice, and Vapor
Design/Engineer gargoyles and rain screens for material integrity.
Design/Engineer air barriers and vapor barriers for material integrity.
Design/Engineer rain water capture for building and site water demands.
OBJEctiVES
Choi, Joonho. (2005). Study of the Relationship between Indoor daylight Environments and Patient Average Length of Stay (ALOS) in Healthcare Facilities, Unpublished master’s thesis, Department of Architecture, Texas A&M University. College Station, TX.
Green Roofs for Healthy Cities (2003) Green Roof Awards of Excellence – Profile of Award Winners, The First Annual Green Roof Infrastructure Conference, May 29-30, 2003, Chicago, Illinois.
Chicago City Hall / City of Chicago 2000Green Roof = Energy Savings + Peak Load Reduction + Stormwater Retention
In a 2002 building case study of the Chicago City Hall, the city of Chicago identified annual cooling energy savings of 0.02 kWh/square foot and annual heating energy savings of 0.02 therms/square foot, as well as a 70% reduction in stormwater runoff, from installation of a 20,000 sf green roof.
901 Cherry (GAP) / GRHC 2003Green Roof = Energy Savings + Stormwater Retention
In a 2003 building case study of the 901 Cherry Offices of Gap, Inc. in San Bruno, CA, Green Roofs for Healthy Cities identifies a 100% reduction in stormwater runoff (7.54 gallons/sf of roof area) and a simple payback of 11 years from energy cost savings alone (equivalent to 7% annual energy savings in a baseline building) due to installation of an extensive green roof.
cOOL StratEGiES
HOt PrOJEctS
Manage rainfall • materialselectionand detailing to shed water• gargoylesandexpressive cornices • selfcleaningpaintsand coatings
Manage vapor migration • continuousvaporbarrierson one side• rainscreens/vented facades for drying• greenwallsfor evaporative cooling and shade
Catch and store water • buildingandsitewater storage systems
Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:
HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitS
9Enclosure LifeMaximize Enclosure Life
Design for the LCA of materials – material resources, embodied energy, toxicity.
Design for longevity – weathering, maintainability, craftsmanship.
Design for human safety in the face of manmade and natural disaster.
Design for change.
Design for disassembly.
OBJEctiVES
Institution Recycling Network (2004) “Boston Scientific Company, Inc. Office Park Renovation” Marlborough, MA, 2004. Found at http://www.wastemiser.com/CS-BSCI-10-06.pdf, visited November 18, 2007
Guy, G. B., and Strong, K. S. , (2001) “Deconstructing Hume Residence Hall”, report of the Powell Center for Construction and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Boston Scientific Company / InstitutionRecyclingNetwork2004Construction Waste Management = Salvage / Waste Savings
In a 2004 building case study of the renovation of the Boston Scientific Company, Inc. office building, the Institutional RecyclingNetworkidentifieda32%reduction in disposal costs due to a comprehensive waste management process, compared to the cost of renovation with conventional landfill disposal of material waste. A site separation process allowed materials to be disposed of at lower costs than co-mingled materials and resulted in a 92% recycling rate by weight.
University of Florida Hume Residence Hall / Guy and Strong 2001construction waste management = Salvage/ waster savings
In a 2001 building case study of the demolition of the 133,000 square foot Hume Residence Hall on the campus of the University of Florida, Guy and Strong identify new revenues, reduced disposal costs and cost avoidance from substitutions of reclaimed materials, through a process of salvage and source separation of material waste.AcomprehensiveC&Ddebrismanagement process resulted in a savings of 4% compared to the cost of conventional demolition with extensive landfill disposal.
Two case studies that frame the conclusion that views are a significant factor in health and productivity are captured below from the Carnegie Mellon Building Investment Decision Support Tool (BIDS™) [6]:
HEaLtH aND PErFOrMaNcE BENEFitScOOL StratEGiES
Sustainable Materials• Repurposedproducts,lowembodiedenergy• 100%orhighrecycledcontent• highwastecontent,egflyashconcrete• ‘chainofcustody’materialandcarbon content • totallynon-toxicassemblies• 100%reusable,thenrecyclable
Maintainability• naturalweathering• easymaintainability• Craftsmanshipforcherishability
Safety• Egresssafety• Firesafety• Earthquakesafety• Hurricanesafety• Blastsafety
Design for Change• Designedforfunctionalchanges• Designedforexpansionorcontraction• modularity,gasketed,bolted,not welded, caulke• designfordisassembly• Manufacturedforreuseas‘value added’ products
HOt PrOJEctS
Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics, Carnegie Mellon UNiversity
INTELLIGENT WORKPLACE
GSA Public Buildings Service
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SUSTAINABILITY
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NINTENDO
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ORIENTATION 2007IN YOUR ELEMENT
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ORIENTATION
ORIENTATION
IMAGEOCCUPANCYLAS VEGASPHIPPS ANNEXADVANCED BUILDING SYSTEMSTITANIC
IMAGE
IMAGE
OCCUPANCY
OCCUPANCY
LAS VEGAS
Nellis Air Base
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McCarran Int’lAirport
North Las Vegas Air Terminal
5 miles
To Salt Lake City
Private Golf CoursesPublic Golf CoursesStadiumConvention Center/ShoppingAirportHotel/Motel
Casinos
Environmental Attractions
Hoover DamSighseeing
Nearby CitiesNightclubs/BarsWedding Chapels
North Las Vegas
Las Vegas
Henderson
To Los Angeles
Boulder
To HooverDam
25 Miles
Mesquite7 Resort-Casinos
Boulder City7 Resort-Casinos
Jean1 Resort-Casino
Primm3 Resort-CasinosFashion Outlet
Laughlin10 Resort-Casinos1 Outlet
oo
o
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o
9
9
Hoover Dam
Red Rock
Mt. Charleston
Valley of Fire
To Grand Canyon
Why Las Vegas?Visitor Amenities
Las V
egas
Met
ropo
litan
Reg
ion
Entertainment - Gaming - Shows - Con-ventions - Restaurants - Spas - Hotels - Gambling - Casinos - Golf - Business - Sports - Climate - Glamour - Clubs - Weddings - Theme Parks - Camping Trips - RVing - Museums - Shopping -
Bars
The Entertainment Capital of the World
See Strip Map
Downtown
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Chris
tian W
agne
r - 48
-576
Map
ping U
rban
ism -
Fall ‘
07
LAS VEGAS
PHIPPS ANNEXpartner: Annie Bodhidatta
PHIPPS ANNEXpartner: Annie Bodhidatta
ADVANCED BUILDING SYSTEMS
ADVANCED BUILDING SYSTEMSADVANCED BUILDING SYSTEMS
TITANIC
TITANIC
SUMMER TRAVEL:BURDETT ASSISTANTSHIP4TH YEAR DESIGN AWARD
LONDON
PARIS
EDINBURGH
BRUSSELS
AMSTERDAM
BERLIN
NURNBERG
MUNICH
SALZBURG
LAUSANNE
ZURICH
STUTTGART
ATHENS
MYCENEA
OLYMPIA
DELPHI
MYKONOS
SANTORINI
CRETE
PATMOS
KUSADASI
BLUCHE
BURDETT ASSISTANTSHIP
BURDETT ASSISTANTSHIP
BURDETT ASSISTANTSHIP
BURDETT ASSISTANTSHIP
LIGHTINGURBAN THEORYURBAN LABSUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTTHE GOONIES
LIGHTINGpartners: Greg Tanski, Kyle Gardner
LIGHTINGpartners: Greg Tanski, Kyle Gardner
uses and activities st stanislaus squarebollen eskenazi horton manzke satterfield wagnerDestinations and Textures
URBAN THEORYpartners: Bollen, Eskenazi, Horton, Manzke, Satterfield
URBAN THEORYuses and activities st stanislaus squarebollen eskenazi horton manzke satterfield wagner
‘PUBLIC’ SPACES
ST. STANISLAUS SQUARE
CHATHAM VILLAGE
KATZ PLAZA
ROSYLIN PLACE
partners: Bollen, Eskenazi, Horton, Manzke, Satterfield
URBAN LABORATORYpartners: Miller, Thianthai, Schloemer
URBAN LABORATORYpartners: Miller, Thianthai, Schloemer
URBAN LABORATORYpartners: Miller, Thianthai, Schloemer
URBAN LABORATORYpartners: Miller, Thianthai, Schloemer
SUS. COMM. DEV.partners: Christina Lynch, Pranita Kothuru
SUS. COMM. DEV.partners: Christina Lynch, Pranita Kothuru
SUS. COMM. DEV.partners: Christina Lynch, Pranita Kothuru
SUS. COMM. DEV.partners: Christina Lynch, Pranita Kothuru
THE GOONIES
THE GOONIES
© CHRISTIAN WAGNER