Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date :...
-
Upload
gwendoline-harrington -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date :...
![Page 1: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• Course title : Hematology (1)• Course code : MLHE-201• Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan
Date : 24/10/2013
![Page 2: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Outcome
• The student will know :
• Total & differential leucocytic count
• Absolute & relative counts
• Quantitative & qualitative WBC abnormalities.
![Page 3: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
White Blood Cell Disorders
![Page 4: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
White Cell Maturation
![Page 5: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Leucocytes (white blood cells)• Phagocytes
- Granulocytes
.Neutrophils
.Eosinophils
.Basophils
- Mononuclear phagocytic cells
.Monocytes
• Lymphocytes
- B cells & T cells
![Page 8: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PB Neutrophils
![Page 9: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PB Staff
![Page 10: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PB Basophils
![Page 11: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PB Eosinophils
![Page 12: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PB Monocytes
![Page 13: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PB Lymphocytes
![Page 14: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
White Blood Cell Disorders
Classification : -Disorders of cell number Terminology: .cytosis/philia (increase in number) .cytopenia (decrease in number) -Disorders of function & morphology
![Page 15: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Normal Total Leucocytic Count
For an adult ( male or female)
Normal reference range:
4,000 – 11,000 / cmm
![Page 16: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Relative vs Absolute values
• Total White Blood Cell Count (TWBC)
• Differential count : gives the relative
percentage of each white blood cell.
• Absolute value : gives the actual
number of each white blood cell/cmm.
![Page 17: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Calculation
Absolute Count = TWBC x Percent
eg: If TWBC = 6,000 /cmm
Neutrophils = 60 %
So Absolute neutrophilic count =
6,000 x 60 / 100 = 3,600 /cmm
![Page 18: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Disorders of Cell Number
• Leucocytosis :
an increased number of leucocytes
in the peripheral blood >11,000 /cmm
• Leucopenia :
a reduced white cell count
( < 4,000 /cmm )
![Page 19: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Leucocytosis
• Causes :
- Neutrophilia ( commonest cause ).
- Eosinophilia .
- Basophilia .
- Lymphocytosis .
- Monocytosis .
![Page 20: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Neutrophilia
Definition :
Increase in the number of neutophils
and/or its precursors > 7,000/cmm
![Page 21: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Causes of Neutrophilia
• Infections (pyogenic bacteria)
• Inflammations produced by :
Toxins,infectious agents,neoplasms or burns .
• Following haemorrhage. Reactive changes :
Left shift , toxic granulation , high LAP score.
![Page 22: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Causes of Neutrophilia (cont.)
• Chronic granulocytic leukaemia
• Other myeloproliferative disorders
Diagnosis :
Low LAP score .
Philadelphia chromosome .
![Page 23: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PB Neutrophilia
![Page 24: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Left Shift
![Page 25: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Left Shift
![Page 26: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
High LAP Score
![Page 27: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Eosinophilia
• Definition : An increase in the total number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood more than 400/cmm . If eosinophilic count is > 600/cmm further investigations are required.
![Page 28: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Causes of Eosinophilia• Allergy Atopic ,drug sensitivity & pulmonary eosinophilia .• Infections Parasites ,recovery from infection• Malignancy Hodgkin’s disease , NHL & MPD
• Skin disorder• Drugs• GIT disorders • Hypereosinophilic syndrome
![Page 29: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Eosinophilia
![Page 30: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Basophilia
• Definition Increased basophils in the peripheral blood >
100/cmm- Most commonly associated
with: .Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs or food .Inflammatory conditions e.g RA,ulcerative
colitis. .Chronic myeloid leukaemia & MPD
![Page 31: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Basophilia
![Page 32: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Lymphocytosis
• Definition :
An increase above normal in the number
of circulating lymphocytes ( > 4,000/cmm)
![Page 33: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Causes of Lymphocytosis
• Acute infections: Infectious mononucleosis,
acute infectious lymphocytosis,mumps,
rubella,pertussis .
• Chronic infections: tuberculosis,syphilis,
brucellosis,infectious hepatitis .
• Thyrotoxicosis (usually only relative)
• Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
![Page 34: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Lymphocytosis
![Page 35: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Infectious Mononucleosis• Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
• Bood picture shows leucocytosis with absolute lymphocytosis and increased
number of atypical lymphocytes .
• Diagnosis :
- Monospot test .
- EBV serology .
![Page 36: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Infectious Mononucleosis
![Page 37: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Monocytosis
• Definition :
A monocytosis is present when the
peripheral monocyte numbers rise
above 800/cmm .
![Page 38: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Causes of Monocytosis
• Chronic bacterial infections : tuberculosis,bacterial endocarditis, brucellosis.• Other infections :malaria,Kala-azar, trypanosomiasis,typhus……..• Hodgkin’s disease .• Monocytic & myelomonocytic leukaemia
![Page 39: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Monocytosis
![Page 40: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Leucopenia
• Total white blood count lower than the
reference range for age is defined as
leucopenia ( < 4,000/cmm for an adult )
• The major contribution to a leucopenia
usually comprises a reduction of PB
neutrophils .
![Page 41: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Causes of Leucopenia• Infections : -Viral as infectious hepatitis,influenza, rubella and others . -Bacterial as typhoid fever,brucellosis, miliary TB . -Rickesttial and protozoal infections .• Drugs : Selective neutropenia,Agranulocytosis, Aplastic anaemia
![Page 42: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Causes of Leucopenia(cont.)
• Megaloblastic anaemia• Hypersplenism• Leucoerythroblastic anaemia(Multiple Myeloma,metastatic carcinoma….)• Acute leukaemia • Myelodysplasia• Aplastic anaemia
![Page 43: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Causes of Leucopenia(cont.)
• Cyclical neutropenia• Chronic idiopathic neutropenias• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria• Ionizing radiation & cytotoxic drugs• Miscellaneous conditions : myxoedema,anaphylactoid shock, hypopituitarism & SLE
![Page 44: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• Student name :
Title :
![Page 45: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Training Questions :
Mention the different causes of leucocytosis
How to calculate the absolute count?
Define neutrophilia.
Reference book:
-Essential Hematology .
-Dacie
![Page 46: Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE-201 Supervisor : Prof.Dr Magda Sultan Date : 24/10/2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649da25503460f94a8edb9/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Assignement : Student name :
Quantitative white cell disorders. مجيد حميد االله عبد حميدقطب رشاد السعيد دعاء
داود وليم داود ديناالرازق عبد الرافع عبد ديناعيسي لطفي رافت رامي
الشرقاوي احمد محمد رانياقمري محمد سعد رحاب
محمدين شاكر محمود رحابغنيم اللطيف عبد مسعد رحمه
فراج الله عبد رشاد ابراهيم رشاد
Eosinophils . درويش ابراهيم محمود محمد رضويالزمراني محمد ابراهيم فتحي رنا
فرج يعقوب راوبين روزاليينالنحراوي فريج السيد ريهام
الحناوي كمال سامي ريهامبركه محمد علي مصباح ريهام
جاسم نصيف ليث زيديوسف عسران ربيع سارهياسين عباس زكريا سامحعمران احمد محمد سامر