Course on

Computer Concepts

Based on

Latest syllabus of DOEACC(NIELIT)

&

Revised as per new guideline issued by

NIELIT for CCC examination from January

2016, with new chapter and MCQ of

Application of Digital Financial Services.

T BALAJI PUBLICATION

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Table of Content As Per Latest NIELIT Syllabus

Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER……………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.0 Introduction……………………………………………..……………………………………………........…… 1 1.1 Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.2 What is Computer? …………………………………………………………………………………......…… 2 1.2.1 History of Computers………………………………………………………………………....…… 2 1.2.2 Characteristics Of Computer System………………………………………………………… 3 1.2.3 Basic Applications of Computer………………………………………………………….…… 4 1.3 Components of Computer System………………………………………………………………….…… 5 1.3.1 Central Processing Unit………………………………………………………………….......…… 7 1.3.2 Keyboard, mouse and VDU……………………………………………………………………… 8 1.3.3 Other Input devices………………………………………………………………………………… 9 1.3.4 Other Output devices……………………………………………………………………………… 10 1.3.5 Computer Memory…………………………………………………………………………….…… 12 1.4 Concept of Hardware and Software……………………………………………………………….…… 15 1.4.1 Hardware………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 15 1.4.2 Software………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 1.4.2.1 Application Software………………………………………………………………..…… 16 1.4.2.2 Systems software…………………………………………………………………….……. 16 1.4.3 Programming Languages………………………………………………………………………… 16 1.5 Representation of Data/Information……………………………………………………………..…… 17 1.6 Concept of Data processing…………………………………………………………………………...…… 21 1.7 Applications of IECT……………………………………………………………………………………..…… 21 1.7.1 e-governance…………………………………………………………………………………….…… 21 1.7.2 Multimedia and Entertainment…………………………………………………………..…… 22

2 INTRODUCTION TO GUI BASED OPERATING SYSTEM……………………………………………. 23 2.0 Introduction& Objective……….…………………………………………………………………………… 23 2.2 Basics of Operating System…………………………………………………………………………....…… 23 2.2.1 Operating system……………………………………………………………………………….…… 23 2.2.2 Basics of popular operating system (LINUX, WINDOWS)……………………..… 24 2.3 The User Interface……………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 2.3.1 Task Bar…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 27 2.3.2 Icons………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 27 2.3.3 Start Menu………………………………………………………………………………………....…… 28 2.3.4 Running an Application……………………………………………………………………....…… 29 2.4 Operating System Simple Setting………………………………………………………………………… 30 2.4.1 Changing System Date And Time……………………………………………………………… 30 2.4.2 Changing Display Properties……………………………………………………………….…… 31 2.4.3 To Add Or Remove A Windows Component………………………………………...…… 31 2.4.4 Changing Mouse Properties………………………………………………………………...…… 32 2.4.5 Adding and removing Printers…………………………………………………………….…… 33 2.5 File and Directory Management……………………………………………………………………..…… 34 2.6 Types of files……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36

3 ELEMENTS OF WORD PROCESSING……………………………..……………………………………..………… 41 3.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 41 3.1 Objectives……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 41 3.2 Word Processing Basics……………………………………………………………………………………… 41 3.2.1 Opening Word Processing Package……………………………………………………..…… 42 3.2.2 Menu Bar…………………………………………………………………………………………...…… 43 3.2.3 Using The Help…………………………………………………………………………………...…… 47 3.2.4 Using The Icons Below Menu Bar………………………………………………………..…… 47 3.3 Opening and closing Documents…………………………………………………………………….…… 48 3.3.1 Opening Documents…………………………………………………………………………..…… 48 3.3.2 Save and Save as………………………………………………………………………………...…… 49 3.3.3 Page Setup………………………………………………………………………………………....…… 50 3.3.4 Print Preview…………………………………………………………………………………….…… 51

Elements of Word Processing T Balaji 3

3.3.5 Printing of Documents……………………………………………………………………….…… 52 3.4 Text Creation and manipulation……………………………………………………………………..…… 53 3.4.1 Document Creation…………………………………………………………………………….…… 53 3.4.2 Editing Text………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 53 3.4.3 Text Selection…………………………………………………………………………………….…… 53 3.4.4 Cut, Copy and Paste………………………………………………………………………………… 54 3.4.5 Font and Size selection……………………………………………………………………….…… 54 3.4.6 Alignment of Text……………………………………………………………………………….…… 55 3.5 Formatting the Text……………………………………………………………………………………....…… 56 3.5.1 Paragraph Indenting…………………………………………………………………………..…… 56 3.5.2 Bullets and Numbering……………………………………………………………………….…… 56 3.5.3 Changing case…………………………………………………………………………………….…… 57 3.6 Table Manipulation………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 57 3.6.1 Draw Table………………………………………………………………………………………...…… 57 3.6.2 Changing cell width and height…………………………………………………………..…… 58 3.6.3 Alignment of Text in cell……………………………………………………………………..…… 59 3.6.4 Delete / Insertion of row and column……………………………………………………… 59 3.6.5 Border and shading………………………………………………………………………………… 61

4 SPREAD SHEET…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 63 4.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 63 4.1 Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 63 4.2 Elements of Electronic Spread Sheet…………………………………………………………………… 63 4.2.1 Opening of Spread Sheet…………………………………………………………………….…… 66 4.2.2 Addressing of Cells…………………………………………………………………………….…… 67 4.2.3 Printing of Spread Sheet…………………………………………………………………….…… 68 4.2.4 Saving Workbooks……………………………………………………………………………..…… 69 4.3 Manipulation of Cells…………………………………………………………………………………….…… 70 4.3.1 Entering Text, Numbers and Dates……………………………………………………..…… 70 4.3.2 Creating Text, Number and Date Series…………………………………………………… 71 4.3.3 Editing Worksheet Data……………………………………………………………………..…… 72 4.3.4 Inserting and Deleting Rows, Column……………………………………………………… 76 4.3.5 Changing Cell Height and Width……………………………………………………………… 77 4.4 Function and Charts…………………………………………………………………………………………… 78 4.4.1 Using Formulas………………………………………………………………………………….…… 78 4.4.2 Function………………………………………………………………………………………………… 78 4.4.3 Charts……………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 81

5 INTRODUCTIN OF INTERNET, WWW AND WEB BROWERS………………………………………… 83 5.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 83 5.1 Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 83 5.2 Basics of Computer Networks……………………………………………………………………….…… 83 5.2.1 Local Area Network (LAN) ………………………………………………………………...…… 85 5.2.2 Wide Area Network (WAN) ……………………………………………………………….…… 85 5.3 Internet………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 88 5.3.1 Concept of Internet………………………………………………………………………………… 89 5.3.2 Basics of Internet Architecture…………………………………………………………...…… 89 5.4 Services on Internet……………………………………………………………………………………...…… 91 5.4.1 World Wide Web and Websites…………………………………………………………..…… 91 5.4.2 Communication on Internet……………………………………………………………….…… 92 5.4.3 Internet Services………………………………………………………………………………..…… 93 5.5 Preparing Computer for Internet Access………………………………………………………..…… 94 5.5.1 ISPs and examples (Broadband/Dialup/WiFi) ………………………………………… 94 5.5.2 Internet Access Techniques………………………………………………………..…………… 96 5.6 Web Browsing Software ……………………..…………………………………..………………………… 97 5.6.1 Popular Web Browsing Software ……………………..…………………………………..…………… 98 5.7 Configuring Web Browser ……………………..…………………………………..…………………… 101 5.8 Search Engines ……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..… 105 5.8.1 Popular Search Engines ………………………………………………………..………………………… 106

5.8.2 Accessing Web Browser ……………………..…………………………………..………………………. 107 5.8.3 Using Favorites Folder ……………………..…………………………………..………………………… 107 5.8.4 Downloading Web Pages ……………………..…………………………………..……………………… 108

6 COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION……………………………………………………………… 110 6.0 Introduction……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..…… 110 6.1 Objectives ……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..……… 110 6.2 Basics of E-mail ……………………..…………………………………..………………………………….. 110 6.2.1 What is an Electronic Mail? ……………………..…………………………………..…………………… 110 6.2.2 Email Addressing……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………. 111 6.2.3 Configuring Email client……………………..…………………………………..……………………… 111 6.3 Using E-mails……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..… 112 6.3.1 Opening Email Client……………………..…………………………………..…………………………… 112 6.3.2 Mailbox……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..…………… 112 6.3.3 Creating and sending a new E-mail ……………………..…………………………………..………… 114 6.3.4 Replying to an E-mail message……………………..…………………………………..……………… 116 6.3.5 Forwarding an E-mail message ……………………..…………………………………..……………… 117 6.3.6 Sorting and Searching emails ……………………..…………………………………..………………… 117 6.4 Advance email features ……………………..…………………………………..………………………… 118 6.4.1 Sending document by E-mail ……………………..…………………………………..………………… 118 6.4.2 Activating Spell checking ……………………..…………………………………..……………………… 119 6.4.3 Using Address book ……………………..…………………………………..……………………………… 119 6.4.4 Sending Softcopy as attachment ……………………..…………………………………..…………… 120 6.4.5 Handling SPAM ……………………..…………………………………..………………………………….. 121 6.5 Instant Messaging and Collaboration ……………………..…………………………………..…… 121 6.5.1 Using Smiley ……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..…… 121 6.5.2 Internet etiquettes ……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………. 122 DOs ……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..………………………… 123

7 APPLICATION OF PRESENTATIONS…………………………………………………………………………… 124 7.0 Introduction ……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..…… 124 7.1 Objective ……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..………… 124 7.2 Basics of Microsoft PowerPoint ……………………..…………………………………..……………… 124 7.2.1 Using PowerPoint ……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………. 125 7.2.2 Opening a PowerPoint Presentation ……………………..…………………………………..………… 125 7.2.3 Saving a Presentation ……………………..…………………………………..…………………………… 127 7.3 Creation of Presentation ……………………..…………………………………..………………………… 128 7.3.1 Creating a Presentation using a Template ……………………..…………………………………..… 128 7.3.2 Creating a Blank Presentation ……………………..…………………………………..………………… 128 7.3.3 Entering & Editing text ……………………..…………………………………..………………………… 129 7.3.4 Inserting & Deleting Slides ……………………..…………………………………..…………………… 129 7.4 Preparation of Slides……………………..…………………………………..…………………………… 130 7.4.1 Inserting Word table or Excel Worksheet……………………..…………………………………..… 130 7.4.2 Adding Clip Art pictures……………………..…………………………………..……………………… 131 7.4.3 Inserting Other Objects……………………..…………………………………..………………………… 131 7.4.4 Resizing & Scaling an Object……………………..…………………………………..………………… 132 7.5 Providing Aesthetics……………………..…………………………………..…………………………….. 133 7.5.1 Enhancing Text Presentation……………………..…………………………………..………………….. 133 7.5.2 Working with Color & Line Style……………………..…………………………………..…………… 134 7.5.3 Adding Movies & Sounds……………………..…………………………………..……………………… 135 7.5.4 Adding Headers & Footers……………………..…………………………………..…………………… 136 7.6 Presentation of Slides……………………..…………………………………..…………………………… 137 7.6.1 Viewing a Presentation……………………..…………………………………..………………………… 137 7.6.2 Choosing a Set up of Presentation……………………..…………………………………..…………… 137 7.6.3 Printing Slides & Handouts……………………..…………………………………..…………………… 138 7.7 Slides……………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..……………… 138 7.7.1 Running a Slide Show……………………..…………………………………..…………………………… 138 7.7.2 Transition & Slide Timings……………………..…………………………………..…………………… 139 7.7.3 Automating a Slide Show……………………..…………………………………..……………………… 140

8 APPLICATION OF DIGITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES…………………………………... 141 8.0 Introduction……………………………………..………………………………………. 141

Elements of Word Processing T Balaji 5

8.1 Objectives ………………………………………………...……………………………. 141 8.2 Why Savings are needed? …………………...…………………………………………. 142 8.2.1 Emergencies ………………………………………………………...………………... 142 8.2.2 Future Needs………………………….…………………………………...……..…… 142 8.2.3 Large expenses………………………….…………………………………...……….. 142 8.3 Drawbacks of keeping Cash at home CCC…………………...………………………………. 142 8.4 Why Bank Is Needed…………………………………...……………………...…………………… 143 8.5 Banking Products…………………………………...……………………...……………………… 144 8.6 Documents For Opening Accounts……………………………...……………………………… 148 8.7 Banking Service Delivery Channels……………………………...…………………………….. 150 8.8 Banking Service Delivery Channels………………………………..…………………………… 151 8.9 Insurance…………………………………...…………………………………...………………...... 152 8.10 Various Chemes……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 153

8.11 Bank On Your Mobile……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 155

9 Keyboard Shortcuts, Abbreviations & Terminologies…….……………………………….. 157 10 Multiple Choice Questions & Practice set (English)……....…………………………………….. 167

Multiple Choice Questions & Practice set (Hindi/English)…..……..………………………. 188

CCC New Syllabus, Examination Schedule and Online Examination

The course is designed to equip a person to use computers for professional as well as day to day use. It

provides theoretical background as well as in depth knowledge of Software/ packages. After completing the

course the incumbent will be digitally literate and will be able to acquire confidence in using computer

techniques available to users.

Topics Theory Practical Tutorials

Introduction to computer 2 hours 4 hours 1 hours

Introduction to GUI Based Operating System 3 hours 8 hours --

Elements of Word Processing 3.5 hours 9 hours 2 hours

Spreadsheets 3.5 hours 10 hours 2 hours

Introduction to Internet, WWW and web browsers 6 hours 8 hours --

Communication and Collaboration 2 hours 2 hours --

Application of presentations 4 hours 8 hours --

Application of Digital Financial Services 1 hours 1 hours --

Total 25 hours 50 hours 5 hours

Online Examination NIELIT conduct online examination for CCC Exam. The details of Online Examination and steps to

be followed at Examination center is given below: The duration of Examination is 90 minutes and

you have to solve 50 objective types and 50 true false questions of one mark each. No negative

marking for wrong answer. From July 2014 NIELIT introduce CCC question paper in Hindi language.

Introduction to Computers

1.0 Introduction to Computer dEI;wVj 'kCn dh mRifRr dEI;wV 'kCn ls gqbZ gS ftldk vFkZ gS x.kuk djukA vr% cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa bls ,d

dSydqysfVax fMokbl ekuk tkrk gS tks ,sfjFkesfVd vkSj ykWftdy vkijs'kUl dks rsth ds lkFk dj ldrk gS ijUrq vkt

bldh ifjHkk’kk gh cny x;h gS D;ksafd vc dEI;wVj dk mi;ksx flQZ x.kuk rd lhfer ugh gS] vkt bldk mi;ksx

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vkmViqV fjtYV izLrqr djrk gSA ;g MkVk dks ,DlsIV] LVksj vkSj mUgsa eSuhiqysV djrk gSA

1.1. Objective : In this chapter we will discuss about history of computer, Generation of computer, Input/output devices, storage devices, hardware and software, languages, basic operations, Multimedia and Entertainment.

1.2 What is computer? : Computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving data and performing a sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural instructions (program) to produce a result in the form of information or signals. daI;wVj ,d bysDVª�fud fMokbl gS tks fdlh fo"k;&oLrq ds ckjs esa MkVk dks crkSj buiqV ysrk gS vkSj ml ij t#jh

v�ijs'ku dj ,d fu;r vkmViqV çnku djrk gS A

Types of Computer: Computer has been categorized in the following parts likewise… Analog Computer Digital Computer Hybrid Computer

Analog Computer: Analog Computers are used mostly in Medical Sciences. This very kind of

computers work on continuous data values, for e.g. if you have to calculate the pressure or something

similar then kind of technology having will be useful. ,ukykWx dEI;wVj esa MkVk] Vªkalfe’ku ,d lh/kh js[kk esa gksrk gS ftls ,ukykWxl Vªkalfe’ku dgrs gSaA tSls&rkieku] ikjs]

nkc ,oa vU; HkkSfrd izdf̀r dh lwpuk;sa bR;kfnA

Digital Computer: Digital Computers are the most commonly used computer on a digital technique which is widely used and preferred now-a-days. This kind of computers uses micro processor technology which is quite digital and able to calculate and execute million of instruction within a second. This also comes under kind of categories as we can see downwards… fMftVy dEI;wVl oks dEI;wVj gksrs gSa tks fMfTkVy rduhd dk vuqlj.k djrs gSaA buesa ekbØks izkslslj iz;ksx fd;k

tkrk gS tks ,d lsds.M esa djksM+ks funsZ’kksa dks fØ;kfUor dj ldrk gSA ;g ckbujh oSY;w 0] 1 ds vk/kkkj ij dk;Z djrk

gS] 0 gks QkYl ¼xyr½ vkSj 1 gks Vªw¼lgh½ flXuy iszf"kr gksrk gS] ;s flXuy fMLØhV gksrs gSaA bUgs Hkh pkj Jsf.k;ksa esa ck¡Vk

x;k gS tks fUkEufyf[kr gSaA

Micro Computer: The processor is very small so that called Micro processor and device is called Micro Computer. Micro Computer is single user device example: Desktop, Laptop, Palmtop, Notebook, PDA etc.

;g lokZf/kd NksVk dEI;wVj gksrk gS ftlesa ,,y;w vkSj lhih;w ,d gh fpi esa yxs gksrs gSaA

Mini Computer: The processor of Mini Computer is small but larger than Micro processor. MiniComputer is multi user device generally used in designing company for commercial use.

Elements of Word Processing T Balaji 7

;s ekbdzks dEI;wVj ls vf/kd {kerkoku gksrs gSa vkSj ,d le; esa dbZ iz;ksDrkvksa ds mi;ksx esa vk ldrs gSaA ;s MkVk

dks vf/kd rsth ls lalkf/kr dj ldrs gSaA

Mainframe: It has larger processor and multiuser device. Number of users is more than MiniComputer. This is multiuser and multitasking device mostly used in Metrology.

;s vfr mPp Hk.Mkj.k {kerk okys cgqr cM+s vkdkj ds dEI;wVj gksrs gSaA ;s MkVk dh cM+h ek=k dks rsth ls lalkf/kr

dj ldrs gSa] budk mi;ksx cSadksa] cM+h dEifu;ksa ,oa ljdkjh foHkkxksa esa gksrk gSA

Super Computer: The processor is biggest than other Computer and processing capacity is highest than other devices. It is Multi user fastest calculating device, generally used in nuclear science for calculation purpose. CRAY-I is the first Super Computer. India’s First Super Computer is PARAM-10000.

;g dEI;wVj rst xfr ,oa vR;f/kd laxzg {kerk okys gksrs gSaA budk vkdkj dkQh cM+k gksrk gSA igyk lqij

dEI;wVj Øs&1 o’kZ 1976 esa Øs fjlpZ dEiuh }kjk fodflr fd;k x;k FkkA Hkkjr dk igyklqij dEI;wVj ije&10000

gSA

Hybrid Computer : The kind of computer comes with both characteristics (digital and analog) are called hybrid. This is used there where it needs to calculate both the digital and analog data for e.g. In Hospitals.

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lcls vf/kd iz;ksx fpfdRlk ds {ks= esa fd;k tkrk gSA tSls&bZ0lh0th0 e’khuA

1.2.1 History of Computers: History of Computer can be considered from arise of human culture as person known the calculation, they used to some thing for this purpose like, pebbles, stone etc. but as a device Roman’s abacus is first device used in B.C for calculation. In A.D. various mechanical devices were invented for the calculation like Pascaline by Blaise Pascal, Joseph Jacquard invented loom that is 'programmed” using punched cards, Charles Babbage invented two machines Analytical engine and Difference engine and Hollerith’s Census Machines (Tabulating machine). Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) is a fully digital electronic device used for linear equation. Howard Aiken (IBM) had designed Mark I, the first operational general-purpose electro-mechanical Computer. John Mauchley and Presper Eckert make the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) First general purpose, digital electronic Computer used to compute a ballistic firing. Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC I), was the first commercially successful Computer. Two Era arises Mechanical Era (Before 1945) having mechanical devices and the Electronic Era (From 1945) having electronic processing technology. Electronic Era is divided into Four generations.

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dEI;wVj dgk tkrk gSA ckn es ikLdy] ykWjsal] tSdc] ,VkWlkWQcsjh vkfn us dbZ fMokbls cuk;h ijUrq fdlh Hkh fMokbl es

eseksjh u Fkh rRi’pkr~ l=goha 'krkCnh esa pkYlZ cSost us ,ukfyfVdy vkSj fMQjsal e'khu dk vkfo"dkj fd;k ftles

eseksjh MkyhA mDr e’khu ds vkfo"dkj ls gh vk/kqfud ;qx dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ ckn esa vkt dh lHkh dEI;wVj esas eseksjh lcls

cM+h fo"ks’krk gSA blh ds dkj.k pkYlZ cSost dks dEI;wVj dk firkeg dgk tkrk gSA ENIAC izFke bysDVªkfud dEI;wVj

gSA ;gh ls bysDVªkfud dEI;wVlZ dk ;qx 'kq# gks x;kA

Generation of Computer : Computers are divided in these forms of generation. Here the generations have been described time wise as well as technologies used.

First Generation¼1945-1954½-In this very first generation of computers, it had been used Vacuum tube technology which make a computer possible to do calculations.

Introduction to GUI based Operating System

2.0 Introduction: In the previous chapter we learnt about basics of computer. In this chapter we will discuss about user friendly features of Windows Operating System and Linux. Microsoft has produced a number of Operating Systems. Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 are some of them. The Operating System which we have selected as reference is Windows XP and Windows 7.

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lkWQVos;j izksxzke }kjk dEI;wVj gkMZos;j ds mi;ksx djus ds <ax ,oa ;wtlZ }kjk dEI;wVj dks daVªksy djus ds rjhds dks

fu;af=r djrk gSA

2.1 Objective: In this chapter we will discuss about Introduction, Objectives, Basics of Operating System, The User Interface, Task Bar, Icons, Start Menu, Running an Application, Operating System Simple Setting, Changing Mouse Properties Adding and removing Printers, File and Directory Management.

2.2 Basics of Operating system: Basics of operating system are subject matter of letting know the pros and cons of an operating system. Here with we will discuss some of the oprating systems like Windows and Linux.

2.2.1 Operating System: An operating system plays an important role in the use of Computer. It prepares a bare Machine usable for the user. In other words an operating system works as an interface between Computer and user. The operating system enables the user to use the system resources and access several other programs effectively. Windows operating system offer icons, Graphics based interface to the users and they can use mouse to perform a number of operations.

vkijsfVax flLVe vyx&vyx gkMZos;j ds ikVZ~l dks vkil es tksM+us

ds fy, flLVe lkW¶Vos;j vFkkZr ,d Mªkboj dk dk;Z djrk gSA lkFk

gh ,Iyhds'ku lkW¶Vos;j ds fy, IysVQkEkZ iznku djrk gSA ftl ij

,Iyhds'ku lkW¶Vos;j pyrk gSA tks Hkh u;s ,Iyhds'ku lkW¶Vos;j ;k

Mªkboj bULVky fd;s tkrs gS lHkh vkijsfVax flLVe es tqM+rs tkrs gSA

vkijsfVax flLVe gh dEI;wVj dks ;wtscy cukrk gsSA

Types of Operating Systems: Generally, it can be categorized into four types, based on the type of computer they control and sort of applications they support.

Single User, Single task: This type of Operating System manages the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time.

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mUgsa flaxy ;wtj flaxy VkfLadx vkijsfVax flLVe dgk tkrk gSA

Multi User, Multi-task: This allows two or more users to run programs at the same time. Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands of concurrent users to work on for example Mainframe computers.

Elements of Word Processing T Balaji 9

Elements of Word Processing

3.0 Introduction of Word Processing : ekbdzkslkW¶V oMZ ,d oMZ izkslsflax izksxzke gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ;g ek= fjiksVZ ,oa izkstsDV~l

dks cukus esa lgk;rk iznku djus ds fy, ,d izksxzke gSA bls mi;ksxdrkZ dh #fp ,oa vko';drkvksa dh fuHkZjrk ds vuqlkj dbZ dk;ksZa ds fy,

mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS tSls ,d Vkbi fd;k gqvk ysVj] MkWD;wesUV ;k fjiksVZ dks vklkuh ls cny ldrs gSa vkSj mUgsa Hkfo"; esa mi;ksx ds fy,

LVksj Hkh dj ldrs gSaA eq[;r% ,d oMZ izkslslj de esgur esa vf/kd izHkkoh ,oa dq'ky rjhds ls dk;Z djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA

3.1 Objectives: In this chapter we will discuss about: Word Processing Basics, Opening Word Processing Package, Menu Bar/Tab, Opening and closing Documents, Save, Page Setup, Print Preview, Text Creation and Manipulation, Text Selection, Cut, Copy and Paste, Font an d Size selection, Alignment of Text, Formatting the Text, Table Manipulation etc..

3.2 Word Prosessing Basics : Word Processing is application software which is used to manipulate the text or words like letter drafting, paragraph composing and so on. Here we will discuss about Microsoft Word, Word processing software. Microsoft word is application software of Microsoft Office suite which has a large number of earlier and latest versions. Here we will discuss about only Microsoft Word 2003, 2007 & 2010 versions.

oMZ izkslaflx ,d rjg dk ,fIyds'ku lk¶Vos;j gS tks VsDlV iSjkxzkQ dks rS;kj djus vkSj ml ij

ekMhfQds'ku djus esa bLrseky gksrk gSaA ;gk¡ ge ekbØkslk¶V oMZ tks fd ekbØkslk¶V vkfQl lwV dk ,fIyds'ku gsS ds

ckjs esa ftØ djsxsaa A ;gk¡ ge ekbØkslk¶V oMZ ds 2003 ] 2007 ,oa 2010 ds otZu ds ckjs esa ppkZ djsaxsA

Microsoft Word 2003

ekbdzkslkW¶V oMZ 2003 ,d oMZ izkslsflax lk¶Vos;j gS tks ,fIyds'ku] MkD;wesaV] ysVj] Vscy ,oa fjiksZV rS;kj djrk gSA ;g

ehuw vk/kkfjr lk¶Vos;j gsS ftlesa lHkh vkijs'kuy dekaM gksrs gSA buds ehuwfuEuor~ gS& tSls File, Edit, View, Insert,

Format, Tools, Table, Window and Help.

Microsoft Word 2007/2010 ;fn vki oMZ 2003 dk iz;ksx dj pqds gSa rks vki ns[ksaxs fd oMZ 2007/2010 esa vksYM ehuw flLVe ds LFkku ij fjcu

rFkkvkfQl cVu ,oa QkbZy tabdk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA oMZ 2003 esa vki QkbZy ehuw ij fDyd dj U;w vksisu] lso] lso

,sl bR;kfn dekaM~l dk iz;ksx djrs gSa tcfd oMZ 2007 esa vkidks QkbZy ds LFkku ij vkfQl cVu ,oa QkbZy tab ds

varxZr mDr dekaM~l iznf'kZr gksrs gSaA oMZ 2007/2010 esa fDod ,Dlsl Vwy ckj ftlds varxZr lso] vuMw ,oa fjMw cVu

Spread Sheet

4.0 Introduction: Excel is an office package used for calculation and analysis of data. MS Excel provides a rich library in formula for calculation and a list of commands for analysis of data. Excel file is known as a workbook; a Workbook is collection of three Worksheets by default. You can create

new spreadsheet according to your requirement.

LizsM'khV ,d dEI;wVj izksxzke gksrk gS orZeku le; esa bl ,Iyhds'ku dk iz;ksx izk;% dkQh vf/kd fd;k tkrk gSA ;g

,Iyhds'ku vkidks ,d lkFk gtkjksa dSydqys'ku djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA ,Dly Qkby dks vksisu djus ij ,d

odZcqd iznf'kZr gksxk ftlesa rhu odZ'khV ckbZ fMQkYV iznf'kZr gksrs gSA vki viuh vko';drk ds vuqlkj ubZ odZ'khV

dks vksisu dj mUgsa uke ns ldrs gSaA vkxs ge bysDVªkfud LizsM'khV dks vksisu dju]s lsy dks ,sMªsl djus] ,fDVo djus]

fizaV djus] lso djus ,oa QkewZyk bR;kfn ds fo’k; esa ppkZ djsaxsA

4.1 Objective: In this chapter we will discuss about Elements of Electronic Spread Sheet, Opening of Spread Sheet, Addressing of Cells, Printing of Spread Sheet, Saving Workbooks, Manipulation of Cells, Entering Text, Numbers and Dates, Creating Text, Number and Date Series, Editing Worksheet Data, Inserting and Deleting Rows, Column, Changing Cell Height and Width, Function and Charts, Using Formulas, Function and Charts.

4.2 Element of Electronic Spreadsheet: There are number of elements in Microsoft Excel Application which facilitates a user a user friendly environment to fulfill the goal object, here are the elements Workbook, Worksheet, Row, Column, Cell, Functionsand Formulas.

ekbØkslk¶V ,Dlsy ds dbZ ,yhesaV gksrs gS tks LiszM'khV lEcfU/kr dk;Z dks iw.kZ djus esa lgk;rk iznku djrs gS tks

fuEuor~ gSA

Element of Electronic Spreadsheet Workbook: A Workbook is the collection of worksheets where the user works. A workbook can contain maximum 225 sheets to work in. Whenever a Workbook opens, it displayed three worksheets by default. Worksheet: AWorksheet is the place where the user works and performs arithmatical and functional calculations. By default it is named as Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3….etc. A sheet can be renamed too. Row: A Row is the horizontal block of the Worksheet or the Table which moves from left to right. A Row is named as the numbers 1, 2, 3..etc. There are 1,048,576 row (2007) 65,536 rows (2003) comes under Excel Application. Column: A Column is the vertically situated in the worksheet or the table which flows from top to bottom. It is named as A, B, C… etc in Excel Application. There are 16,384 Columns (2007) 256 Columns (2003) in Excel Worksheet.

odZcqd-;s vusd odZ'khV~l dk dysD'ku gSA tc vki

,Dly Qkby vksisu djrs gSa rks Ldzhu ij ,d odZcqd

iznf'kZr gksrh gSa ftlesa ckbZ fMQkYV rhu odZ'khV iznf'kZr

gksrs gSaA ,d odZcqd esa vf/kdre 225 odZ'khV [kskys tk

ldrs gSaA odZcqd esa usohxs'ku cVu ds ek/;e ls ,d

odZ'khV ls nwljs odZ'khV ij tk ldrs gSaA odZcqd

O;ofLFkr rjhds ls vkidks dk;Z djus esa lqfo/kk miyC/k

djkrk gSA

odZ'khV-;s jks vkSj dkWye dks feykdj curh gSA ;g ,d

vkWxZukbts'ku ds QkbuSfU'k;y odZ'khV izkstsDV fFkfll

bR;kfn dh Iykfuax ds fy, iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA

jks-;s lsYl ls cuk gkWjhtkaaVy Cykd gksrk gS tks odZ'khV

dh iwjh pkSM+kbZ esa ck, ls nk, dh vksj pyrk gSA jks esa]

odZ'khV ds ck,Wa fdukjs ij] Åij ls uhps dh vksj uEcj

Mkys tkrs gSaA ,sjks&dh ,oa ekml ds ek/;e ls vki ,d jks

ls nwljs jks esa vklkuh ls tk ldrs gSaA odZ'khV esa vf/kdre

65536 jkst gksrs gSaA

dkye-;s lsYk dk ,d ofVZdy CykWd gksrk gS tks iwjh

odZ'khV esa pyrk gSA ,d dkye ls nwljs dkye esa tkus

gsrq ,sjk&dh ;k ekml dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ,d

odZ'khV esa 16]384 dkWye ¼2007½ 256 dkWye ¼2003½ gksrs

gSaA

Introductin of internet, www and web browers

5.0 Introduction: A group of two or more computers interconnected by the telephone lines, co-axial cable, satellite links, radio/microwave transmission or some other communication techniques are called networking. A computer network is a group of computers that are connected together and that communicate with and sharing the resources (like printer, folder etc.) from one to another.

usVofdZax lwpukvksa ;k vU; lalk/kuksa ds ijLij vknku&iznku ,oa lk>snkjh ds fy, nks ;k nks ls vf/kd dEI;wVjksa dk

ijLij tqM+ko dEI;wVj usVofdZax dgykrk gSA dEI;wVj usVodZ ds varxZr lalk/kuksa ,oa la;U=ksa dh ijLij lk>snkjh gksrh

gS] ftlls MkVk rFkk lwpuk,Wa ,d dEI;wVj ls nwljs dEI;wVj esa leku #i ls igqWaprh gSaA dEI;wVj usVodZ ,d dEiuh] ,d

vFkok vf/kd Hkouksa] ,d dejs rFkk 'kgj ds e/; LFkkfir fd, tk ldrs gSaA

5.1 Objectives: In this chapter we will discuss about Basics of Computer Networks, Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Internet, Concept of Internet, Basics of Internet Architecture, Services on Internet, World Wide Web and Websites, Communication on Internet, Internet Services, and Preparing Computer for Internet Access, ISPs and examples (Broadband/Dialup/Wi-Fi), Internet Access Techniques.

5.2 Basics of Computer Networks: Networking is a technique which is used to make personal computer to multi user behavior. Though the computers having single user multi tasking operating system or network operating system (NOS). By sharing resources and peripheral devices more than one user can work at a single resource or device.

,d usVodZ] dEI;wVlZ dk ,d xqzi gksrk gS tks bl rjg ls dusDVsM gksrk gS rkfd fjlksZlsl dks 'ks;j dj ldsA ,d

usVodZ esa dEI;wVlZ dk ,d xqzi ,d Lora= LVSaM,yksu e'khu dh vis{kk T;knk LVksjst {kerk vkSj izkslsflax ikWoj iznku

djsxkA dEI;wVlZ ds lkFk&lkFk] ,d usVodZ esa isjhQsjy fMokblst Hkh gksrh gS tks dSfj;j vkSj MkVk dEI;wfuds'ku

fMokblst ds lkFk gksrh gS tks MkVk vkSj lwpuk dks ,Dlpsat djus ds fy, bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA

Type of Networking

Based on Transmission media: Wired (UTP, coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables) and Wireless;

Based on Network size: LAN and WAN;

Based on Management method: Peer-to-peer and Client/Server; and

Based on Topology (connectivity): Bus, Star, Ring, Tree and Mesh.

usVofdZax ds izdkj&usVodZ fofHkUu vk/kkj ij foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA mues ls eq[;r% fuEu izdkj ds gksrs gSa%

MkVk Vªkalfe'ku ds ek/;e ds vk/kkj ij nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA ok;j usVodZ vkSj ok;jysl usVodZA

usVodZ lkbt ds vk/kkj ij ;s Hkh ;g eq[;r% nks izdkj ds gSA ySu ¼yksdy ,fj;k usVodZ½ vkSj oSu ¼okbZM ,fj;k

usVodZ½

usVodZ eSustesUV esFkM ds vk/kkj ij Hkh ;s nks izdkj dk gksrk gSA ih;j Vw ih;j usVodZ vkSj DykbUV loZj

usVodZA

VksiksykWth ds vk/kkj ij usVofdZax ikWp izdkj ls gksrk gSA cl] LVkj] fjax] Vªh vkSj esl VksiksykWthA

Network Media (Transmission Media): This is actual physical environment by which data travels from one computer to another, and it connects network devices. The most basic hardware required for communication is the media through which data is transferred. There are several types of transmission media, and the choice of the right media depends on many factors such as cost of transmission media, efficiency of data transmission and the transfer rate. It can be divided into two main categories theses are:

Communication & Collaboration

6.0 Introduction: Communication has been the vital tool in our daily life routine, Business, Education, Research and many more. Communication impacts a vital impression in any sector of life. Email, Social Networking, chats, blogs and many more are key tools used in communication.

dE;wfuds'ku fctusl dh ykbQ ykbu gSA cxSj izHkkodkjh dE;wfuds'ku ds dksykcksjs'ku laHko ugha gSaA baVjusV ds ek/;e

ls vki vius fctusl ikVZulZ ds lkFk dksykcksjsV dj ldrs gSaA Vsyh dE;wfuVht ds cuus ls Nk=ksa dh ,drk c<+h gS vkSj

mUgsa ,d lkFk feydj dke djus dk vuqHko feyk gSA dksykcksjsfVo yfuZax ds }kjk iwjs fo'o ds Nk= ,d nwljs ls tqM+s

gq, gSaA

6.1 Objectives: In this chapter we will discuss about Basics of E-mail, What is an Electronic Mail, Email Addressing, Configuring Email Client, Using E-mails, Opening Email Client, Mailbox: Inbox and Outbox, Creating and Sending a new E-mail, Replying to an E-mail message, Forwarding an E-mail message, Sorting and Searching emails, Advance email features, Sending document by E-mail, Activating Spell checking, Using Address book, Sending Softcopy as attachment, Handling SPAM, Instant Messaging and Collaboration, Using Smiley, Internet etiquettes.

6.2 Basics of E-mail: Electronic mail, commonly known as email or e-mail, is a method of sharing digital messages from a person to another person. The person who sent message is called sender or host and those who receive are called recipients. The term electronic mail was used for electronic document transmission. Now a day this is the most popular way to send message, documents, bio-data photographs etc., to anyone anywhere either in India or abroad. Email become popular because it carry multi-media content attachments (liked text file, photograph, signature, video etc.), is called Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME). bysDVª�fud esy ftls çk;% ge bZesy ds uke ls tkurs gSa tks ,d fMftVy eslst dks ,d txg ls nwljh txg igqpus

dh rduhd gSA blesa bysDVª�fud 'kCn dk bLrseky esy ;k MkVk dks bysDVª�fud ek/;e ls Hkstus ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA

vktdy ;g fdlh eslst] M�D;wesaV] ck;ks&MkVk] QksVksxzk¶l bR;fn Hkstus ds fy, dkQh pfpZr ek/;e gS ftls ge dgh

ls Hkh bLrseky dj ldrs gSA 6.2.1 What is an Electronic Mail: E-Mail (Electronics Mail) messages are useful and recordable method of communication, other method including chatting and instant messaging. The difference between email and instant messaging is the email is encrypted message and in instant messaging, no any encryption is made. Many free email providers serves as web-based E-mail (e.g. Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo Mail, Rediffmail, mail.in.com, etc). This allows users to login the email account by using an Internet browser to send and receive their email.

bZ&esy] ,d i= dks esy ls Hkstus dk ,d bysDVªkfud rjhdk gSA bZ&esy eSlstsl] okW,l] ohfM;ks vkSj xzkfQDl dks

fMftVy dE;wfuds'ku laidZ tSls baVjusV ij] fo'o esa dgha Hkh] cgqr de dher ij Hkstus dk ,d rjhdk gSA rduhdh

#i ls] bZ&esy ,d izdkj dk DykbaV@loZj ,sIyhds'ku gS tks fdUgha nks bZ&esy vdkmaV~l ds e/; ,d jkmVsM LVksMZ

eSlst lfoZl iznku djrk gSA pwafd lHkh ekWMuZ dEI;wVlZ dks baVjusV ls tksM+k tk ldrk gS] blfy, ;wtlZ baVjusV ij

bZ&esy dks fdlh Hkh yksds'ku rd Hkst ldrs gSa ftlds ikl VsyhQksu ;k ok;jySl fMftVy lfoZl gksrh gSaA

Benefits of Email: Email is almost the easiest way to communicate over internet. Here is brief feature of email…

Making Small Presentations

7.0 Introduction: PowerPoint a best presentation program of MicrosoftOffice and each page of presentation is called slide. It is used for creating animations. The objective of this chapter is to make understand the reader that how to create presentation using template, how to Open existing presentation slide, how to Run a Slide Show during presentation, how to create table, insert clip Art, Pictures etc.

ekbØkslkW¶V ikWojikWbaV esa tSlkfd vf/kdka'k vU; izstsUVs'ku lkW¶Vos;j esa gksrk gS] VsDLV] xzkfQDl] ewoht vkSj vU;

vkWCtsDV~l dks vyx&vyx istsl ;k LykbM~l ij j[kh tkrh gSaA ,d izstsUVs'ku dh vksojvkWy fMtkbu dks ,d ekLVj

LykbM ls daVªksy fd;k tk ldrk gSA izstsUVs'ku dks dbZ izdkj ds Qkby QkWesZV~l esa lso vkSj ju fd;k tk ldrk gSA

7.1 Objective: In This Chapter We Will Discuss About: Using PowerPoint, Opening, Saving and Creation of Presentation, Creating a Presentation Using a Template, Preparation of Slides, Inserting Word Table, Clip Art Pictures, Movie and Sound and Excel Worksheet, Printing Slides And Handouts etc. 8.2 Basics of Microsoft PowerPoint

There are few terms of Microsoft PowerPoint we will mention and discuss; here they are as follows…

Presentation: A PowerPoint presentation is a presentation created using Microsoft PowerPoint software. The presentation is a collection of individual slides that contain information on a topic. PowerPoint presentations are commonly used in business meetings and for training and educational purposes.

çstsaVs'ku MkVk dks O;ofLFkr rjhds ls çnf'kZr djus dk ,d lqyHk rjhdk gS ftlds ek/;e ls vki fdlh fo"k; fo'ks"k ds

lqpuk dh çn'kZuh cukdj çLrqr dj ldrs gSaA ,d çstsaVs'ku <sj lkjs LykbM dk lewg gksrk gS tgk¡ ge çstsaVs'ku ds

fo"k; ls lEcaf/kr lqpuk dks best] VsDLV] v�fM;ks ,oa fofM;ks ds ek/;e ls çnf'kZr djrs gSaA

Slides: Slide is a content page of the PowerPoint Presentation which completes a page to be printed along with notes pages. It is the place using where you can type or insert the content about a presentation; color it, assign a theme and style etc to make the presentation attractive

LykbM fdlh çstsaVs'ku esa ,d ist dh rjg gS tgk¡ ge çstsaVs'ku ds fo"k; ls lEcaf/kr lqpuk çnf'kZr djrs gSaA LykbM esa

dksbZ Hkh VsDLV Iysl gksYMj ds ek/;e ls bUlVZ djrs gSaA vkSj dyj ,oa Fkhe dk bLrseky dj çstsaVs'ku dks vkd"kZd

cukrs gSaA

Layout: Layout refers to the way things are arranged on a slide. A layout contains placeholders, which in turn hold text such as titles and bulleted lists and slide content such as tables, charts, pictures, shapes, and clip art.

ysvkmV fdlh Hkh çstsaVs'ku esa daVsaV ;k LykbM ds O;oLFkkiu ds fo"k; oLrq dks cksyrs gSaA çstsaVs'ku esa LykbM ds

ysvkmV esa Iysl gksYMj gksrs gSa tgk¡ ge VsDLV vkSj oSY;w bUlVZ djrs gSaA LykbM ds ysvkmV esa ge fiDpj] Vscy] pkVZ]

VsDLV] v�Vks 'ksi bR;knh bUlVZ dj ldrs gSaA çstsaVs'ku esa LykbM dbZ ysvkmV gksrs gSa ftUgsa ge vius t#jr ds fglkc

ls pqu ldrs gSaA

View: Microsoft PowerPoint provides several views in the presentation you can use and view and demonstrate that as well. We have Normal view, Slide Sorter view, Notes Pages view, Slide Show view, Slide Master View, Handouts Master, Notes Master view etc

ekbØksl�¶V v�fQl i�oji�baV çstsaVs'ku rS;kj djus ;k mls ns[kus vkSj çnf'kZr djus ds fy, dbZ rjg ds O;w çksokbM

djrh gS tSls ukeZy O;w] LykbM l�VZj O;w] uksV~l istst O;w] gSaMvkmV ekLVj O;w] uksV~l ekLVj O;w bR;kfnA

Application of Digital Financial Services T Balaji 15

Application of Digital Fianancial Services

8.0 Introduction: Digital financial services can be defined broadly as digital access and use of

financial services by the people. Such services should be suited to customers’ needs, and delivered responsibly, at a cost both affordable to customers and providers. There are three key components of any such digital financial services:

Digital Transactional Platform -It enables a customer to use a device to make or receive payments and transfers and to store value electronically with a bank or any such nonbank institutes which permitted to store electronic values.

Retail Agent - Retail agents use a digital device connected to communications infrastructure to transmit and receive transaction details. It enables customers to convert cash into electronically stored value and to transform stored value back into cash.

Devices –The customer’s device can be digital like mobile phones that is a means of transmitting data and information or an instrument like payment card machines that connects to a digital device like POS terminal. fMthVy QkbZusafl;y lfoZlsl] foRrh; lsokvksa dk ykHk fMthVy :Ik esa mBkus dks dgrs gSaA ,slh lqfo/kk;sa tks xzkgdks ds

mEehn ij [kjh mrjs vkSj vklkuh ls gj txg miyC/k gks ldsA blds rhu eq[; ?kVd gksrs gSa&

fMthVy VªkatsD’ku IysVQkWeZ& ;g ,d ek/;e gS ftlesa xzkgd lHkh foRrh; ysu&nsu ,d fMokbl ds }kjk djrs gSaA blesa

cSad ;k vU; foÙkh; lqfo/kk nsus okys dk;kZy; lEefyr gksrs gSaA ;s vkil esa ,d djkj ds ek/;e ls ,d nwljs ls tqM+dj

xzkgdksa ds iSls ds ysunsu ds dk;Z dks iwjk djrs gSaA egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS dh blesa udn iSls dk dksbZ ;ksxnku ugha gksrk gSA

fjVsy ,tsaV& fjVsy ,tsaV fMthVy fMokbl }kjk ,d lajpuk rS;kj djrs gSa ftlesa lHkh bysDVªkfud ysu&nsu gksrs gSaA ;s

xzkgdks ds iSls dks bysDVªfud :Ik esa cny dj mudk fglkc lqjf{kr j[krs gSaA budk eq[; dk;Z fMftVy lsok ds çpkj

o çlkj dks xzkgd rd igq¡pkus dk çca/k djuk gksrk gSA

fMokbl& fMokbl fMthVy midj.k gksrs gSaA fMthVy fMokbl esa lHkh ysu&nsu bysDVªfud :Ik esa lqjf{kr jgrs gSa vkSj

vko';drk iM+us ij og fjd�MZ vklkuh ls ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mldks fçaV dj ldrs gSaA tSls fd eksckbZy Qksu ;k isesaV

dkMZ ;U= tks fd cSad ;k foRrh; laLFkk ls tqM+ dj dke djrs gSA ;g dkMZ isesaV fMokbl ;k POS ds :i esa Hkh gks

ldrh gSA mngkj.k ds fy, eksckby Qksu }kjk fdlh vU; Qksu esa iSls fjpktZ djokukA ;gk¡ eksckby ,d isesaV fMokbl

ds :i esa gh dk;Z djrk gSA

8.1 OBJECTIVES : Main objective of the Digital Financial Services is to delivering financial services

through technological innovations like mobile phones. Digital finance also has an important role to play for

small businesses. It not only provides them with access to financing but also to electronic payment systems,

secure financial products and a chance to build a financial history. It can be a catalyst for the provision and

use of a diverse set of other financial services – including credit, insurance, savings, and financial

education.

fMthVy Qkbusafl;y lfoZlsl dk eq[; mn~ns’; foRrh; lsokvksa dk ykHk VsDukWykth }kjk vklku cukuk gSA tSls fd

eksckbZy Qksu }kjkA ;s NksVs m|ksxksa ds fy, ,d egRoiq.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA ;s uk dsoy foRrh; lsokvksa dks ns[kus cfYd

iSlks ds ysu&nsu esa vklkuh mRiUu djrk gSA ;s mu yksxksa ds fy, vR;Ur egRoiq.kZ gS tks iSlks dk vnku&iznku vDlj

djrs gSaA iSlksa ds lkjs iqjkus fglkc dk C;kSjk iwjh rjg ls lqjf{kr jgrk gS vkSj le;uqlkj ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

8.2 WHY SAVINGS ARE NEEDED? We all know how important savings are ? But why? Why should we put money away that we could spend now? Few are given below reasons that may help convince you to start saving today. You can never expect the unexpected. Savings are very ncessary for a comfortable retirement. Saving saves future worrying and There are always more important things than your immediate wants.

cpr dk ykHk ge lHkh tkurs gSaA ij lkspus okyh ckr ;g gS dh ge D;ksa mu iSlks dks cpk dj j[ksa ftUgsa vkt ge [kpZ

dj ldrs gSaA blds eq[;dkj.k fuEuor gSa&

ge dHkh nq?kZVukvks dks Hkkai ugha ldrs gS D;ksafd Hkfo"; ge ugha ns[k ldrsA fdlh Hkh vugksuh esa gekjh cpr

gh gekjs dke vkrh gSA

cpr gekjs lsokfuor̀ gks tkus ij gekjk lgkjk curh gSA

dy dh fpark dk bykt vkt dh cpr gh gSA

Hkfo"; dh vko';drk,a lnSo orZeku dh vko';drkvksa ls egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSaA

8.2.1 EMERGENCY FUND [EMERGENCIES] vkikrdkyhu fuf/k An emergency fund should be easy to

access in the event of unemployment, illness or a major unplanned expense. Establishing an emergency fund is one of the most important things that anyone does when they are in good condition and that emergency fund take care of several difficulties when they face financial crisis. vkikrdkyhu fuf/k ls rkRi;Z ml /ku ls gS tks fd gekjs foRrh; eqlhcr ds le; dke vk;s tSls csjkstxkjh] fcekjh ;k

dksbZ Hkkjh iSls dh eqlhcr vkus ij gekjs dke vk ldsA ;s ,slh egRoiq.kZ pht gS ftls gj O;fDr dks vius vPNs fnuksa esa

,df=r djuk pkfg, rkfd cqjs oDr esa mlds dke vk ldsA

8.2.2 FUTURE NEEDS : Life is not about money — but how you deal with money has a huge impact on your quality of life, your family’s life, and the life of your community. We all have some things that we cannot compromise on. For example, your father may have taken a loan to pay for your B.Tech or MCA, and you want to pay him back in a few years. Your parents may have used up all their retirement savings for you or your siblings, and you want to take care of them financially after their retirement. You want to buy your own car or house. All this need requires money which makes saving necessary. thou esa vius /ku dk bLrseky fdl izdkj djuk gS ;s vR;Ur egRoiq.kZ ckr gS ftldk vlj vius mij] vius ifjokj

ds mij vkSj vius lekt ds mij iM+rk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn vkids firk us vkidh i<+kbZ ds fy, dksbZ _.k ys

j[kk gS rks Hkfo"; esa mls okil djus dk nkf;Ro vkidk gS tksfd vkids Hkfo"; ds fy, /ku dh vko';drkvksa esa ls ,d

gS ;k Hkfo"; esa vkidks ?kj [kjhnuk gks bu lcds fy, /ku dk lap; vHkh ls djuk pkfg,A bl izdkj orZeku esa Hkfo";

ds fy, /ku lap; djuk gekjh vko’;drk cu tkrh gSA

8.2.3 LARGE EXPENSES : Huge expenses are the expenses which completes big event like marriage ceremony, house purchase, car purchase, business establishment etc. Huge expenses can be only meet out with our savings. That is why saving are also necessary for huge expenses. gekjs dqN [kpsZ cgqr vf/kd gksrs gSa] ftUgs dke djuk gekjs gkFk esa ugha gksrk gSA tSls Hkkjr esa fdlh 'kknh dk çca/k

djuk] ?kj [kjhnuk] dkj [kjhnuk vkfnA bl rjg ds [kpsZ ds fy, gesa FkksM+s FkksM+s iSls gh cpkus gksrs gSaA ;s gekjh cpr

djus dh vknr ls gh Hkfo"; esa lEHko gksrs gSaA

8.3 Drawbacks of keeping cash at home 8.3.1 Unsafe method: When people have extra cash, many people opt to carry it around in their wallet, place it in a piggy bank or stash it under their mattress. Unfortunately, all of these strategies put their money at risk. Those who carry their cash around can lose it if their wallet gets stolen. Those who keep their money at home (either in a piggy bank or under their bed) can find themselves without any savings if their house gets burglarized or becomes damaged in a fire.

tc yksxksa ds ikl vf/kd ek=k esa /ku gksrk gS rks vDlj oks mls ?kj esa Nqik dj j[krs gSa nqHkkZX;o’k ;s rjhdk [krjukd

gksrk gSA blesa pksjh dk Mj] ?kj esa fdlh Hkh dkj.ko'k u"V gksus dk Mj gksrk gS] tSls dh ?kj esa vkx yx tkuk] ;k ck<+ vk tkuk vkfnA bles /kks[kk/kM+h dh laHkkouk Hkh cgqr c<+ tkrh gSA

8.3.2 Loss of growth opportunity: Another reason why you shouldn't be hiding money in your house is because you earn no interest on it. While banks are exactly paying top rupees on their high interest savings accounts. nqljk bldk eq[; uqdlku ;s gS fd /ku esa o`)h :d tkrh gS tcfd cSad j[ks gq, /ku ij Hkh C;kt

dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA

Application of Digital Financial Services T Balaji 17

MCQ on Digital Fianancial Services New chapter added as per DOEACC/NIELIT syllabus

1

Full form of DFS is….. DFS dk Qqy Q�eZ gS

a) Dynamic Financial Schem

b) Digital Financial Services

c) Digital Funds Scheme

d) Double Finance Services

2 How many saving accounts may be opened by an adult in his own name in any bank?

DksbZ Hkh o;Ld ,d cSad esa vius uke ls fdrus cpr [kkrs

[kqyok ldrk gS&

a) One b) Four c) Three d) Two

3 A positive current account balance indicates that the – pkyw [kkrk dh ldjkRed gkyr ls irk pyrk gS

a) Nation has heavy debt

ns'k vf/kd _.k ls nck

gS

b) Nation is a net lender to the rest of the world -ns'k us nqljs ns'kksa dks

_.k ckaVk gSa c) Nation’s

debt at high interest

ns'k ds _.k dh C;kt nj

vf/kd gS

d) None of the above

buesa ls dksbZ ughas

4 An overdraft facility for a time period allows you fdlh fuf'pr le; ds fy, vksojMªk¶V lqfo/kk }kjk

a) Can not withdraw cash

ge udn jkf'k

ugha fudky

ldrs

b) Withdraw limited cash from your nill balance account

,d r; jkf'k [kkrs ls fudky

ldrs gSa tcfd [kkrs esa

iSls u gks c) Withdraw cash

with no interest fcuk C;kt ds udn

fudky ldrs gSaS

d) Withdraw unlimited cash from your nill balance account

vlhfer jkf'k [kkrs ls fudky

ldrs gSa tcfd [kkrs esa

iSls u gk

7 Documents required for opening an account in bank- cSad esa [kkrk [kqyokus ds fy, vko';d nLrkost+ gS a) Only ID proof dsoy

vkbZ Mh çwQ b) Only address

proof dsoy ,Mªsl

çwQ c) ID proof and

address proof both - vkbZ Mh çwQ

vkSj ,Mªsl çwQ nksuksa

d) Either ID proof or address proof - vkbZ Mh çwQ ;k

,Mªsl çwQ nksuksa esa

ls ,d

8 PAN card is valid only for- iSu dkMZ oS/k gS &

a) ID of card holder dkMZ /kkjd dh dsoy vkbZ

Mh ds fy,

b) Address of the card holder - dkMZ /kkjd ds

,Mªsl çwQ ds fy,

c) ID and Date of Birth of card holder - dkMZ /kkjd

ds ,Mªsl çwQ ds fy,

d) None of the above buesa ls dksbZ ugha

9 The Indian rupee symbol ' ' officially adopted in-

Hkkjrh; #i;s dk fpUg gS] ftls ekU;rk feyh gS

a) 2009 b) 2010

c) 2012 d) 2015.

10 In which year NEFT services has been started- NEFT lsok fdl o"kZ esa çkjEHk dh x;h Fkh \

a) 2005 b) 2002 c) 2001 d) 2006

Sl.

No

State whether statement is true or false – fuEufyf[kr dFkuks ds vkxs vko';drkuqlkj gka ;k ugha fy[ksa

T- True

F – False

21 POS terminal is a digital device- POS ,d fMftVy fMokbl gS

22 When we put money in our home, it's inusred by the banks also. – gekjs ?kj esa j[ks iSls Hkh cSad }kjk lqjf{kr jgrs gSa

23 A demand draft in India is used for transfer of money Hkkjr esa fMekaM Mªk¶V }kjk /ku dk vknku çnku fd;k tkrk gS

24 A negative current account balance indicates that it is a net borrower from the rest of the world pkyw [kkrk ds udkjkRed gkyr ls irk pyrk gSa fd ns'k us _.k fy;k gSaA

51. 25 For our daily savings, we use current account scheme –

ge çfrfnu dh cpr ds fy, pkyw [kkrs dk ç;ksx djrs gSa

52. 26 Personal loans can also be taken by private companies – O;fäxr _.k futh daifu;ksa dks Hkh fey ldrk gS

Keyboard Shortcuts, Abbreviations &

Terminologies

Key Board: Detail knowledge about keyboard button and the functions of each key are very essential for student for examination, practical and day to day work. Without knowing keyboard functions you can’t do your work smoothly.

We are going to discuss about key board buttons and its functions without knowing keyboard functions we can’t do our work smoothly.

F1- F12: Function key-These keys act according to operating system. Mainly we use these keys for printing, saving, repeat last action etc. Tab Tab key Tab key is used the cursor forward/set point. Shift Shift key Used for upper case of alphabet. Caps Lock Caps Lock It also used for upper case of alphabet. Alt Alt (AlterNet)

key It located both side of spacebar. It used with another key as discussed in key board shortcuts.

Backspace Backspace key Used to Delete any alphabet/character before the current position. Delete Delete key It used to Delete the alphabet/character after the current position. Enter Enter key This key is used as return key. It used for next line. Several other uses

are discussed in next heading (key board short cuts). Prt Scrn Print Screen

Key Used to print screen image.

Scroll lock Scroll Lock Key

It used to stop the scrolling of the text temporarily.

Pause

Pause key It used to stop the action of the program being run temporarily. We can able to work after pressing pause tab again.

Insert Insert Key This key allows text to be inserted.