COURSE CODE: MMB 101 COURSE TYPE: CCC COURSE …€¦ · COURSE CODE: MMB 101 COURSE TYPE: CCC...

M.Sc. in Microbiology (FIRST SEMESTER)

COURSE CODE: MMB 101 COURSE TYPE: CCC

COURSE TITLE: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

CREDIT: 7

THEORY: 5 PRACTICAL: 2

HOURS: 135


MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30 PRACTICAL: 33

OBJECTIVE:

This course covers the major aspects of microbiology to impart the students‟ knowledge of microbial

world (bacteria, fungi, algae, viruses) and to make them efficient in handling microbes in lab and

utilize commercially important microbes in industrial processes.

UN

IT-1

(18 H

rs)

History of microbiology - Abiogenesis vs. Biogenesis.Methods in Microbiology -

Sterilization methods; physical and chemical. Nutritional requirement of microorganism.

Culture media- preparation; types; selective and differential. Pure Culture techniques -

culture methods- aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms.

UN

IT-2

(18 H

rs)

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure. General Characteristics and structure of bacteria –

glycocalyx, Gram positive and gram negative cell wall, flagella, pilli, cytoplasmic

membrane, endospore and reserve food materials. Morpholological types. General

characteristics and structure of cyanobacteria.

UN

IT-3

(16

Hrs

)

General characteristics and structure of Algae and Protozoa. General microscopic and

macroscopic structures and characters of Fungi. Fungal Classification – characteristic

features of fungal division. Importance of Fungi. Biology of Mycoplasmas.

UN

IT-4

(18

Hrs

)

General Characteristics and structure of viruses. Baltimore classification of virus; Viruses of

Bacteria – T-even phage-T4 multiplication, Lytic &Lysogeny cycle, Temperate dsDNA

phage lambda. Viruses of Plants:- Different types of plant viruses- TMV, General features of

retroviruses, Prions & Molecular basis of their pathogenecity

UN

IT-5

(20 H

rs)

Classification of microorganisms; Microbial Diversity- concept of microbial species; the

kingdom concepts - five kingdom system of classification, eight kingdom system of

classification, domain concept. Modern trends in bacterial taxonomy – ribosomal RNA

sequencing. Bergys system of bacterial classification.

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1. Introduction to Microbiology Lab, instruments and lab-rules

2. Media Preparation – Nutrient broth and Nutrient Agar, Mac conkey Agar, Blood

Agar, Potato Dextrose Agar, Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar.

3. Isolation of Pure Colonies of Bacteria – Streak, Spread and Pour Plate Methods,

Preparation of Slants and Stab cultures

4. Measurements of growth and preparation of growth curve

5. Staining Techniques – Simple and Gram Staining, Spore and Capsule Staining, Fungal

Staining, Acid Fast Staining.

6. Observation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and cell type

7. Isolation and Identification of common molds.

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DIN

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1. Alexander M. (1977) Introduction to Soil Microbiology, John Wiley & Sons, NewYork

2. Ronald M. Atlas, Richard Bartha R., (2004), Microbial Ecology – Fundamentals and

applications, Pearson education Limited

3. Pelzer M.J. Jr., Chan. E.C.S. and Kreig N.R. (1993), Microbiology, McGraw Hill Inc. New

York

4. Salle A.J. (1999), Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, fifth edition Tata

McGraw – Hill Publishing Company Limited, New York.

5. Adams, Martin, R. Moss., Maurice O. (2004) Food Microbiology, Third edition, Royal

Society of Chemistry, Cambridge

6. Frazier WC. And Wean hoff DC., (1998), Food Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi

7. Gerard. J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christian L. Case, (2006), Microbiology: An

introduction, ninth edition, Benjamin Cummings Publications

8. Balasubramanian, D. and Bryce, C.F.A. Jeyaraman, K. Dharmalingam K. Green (2004)

Concepts in Biotechnology, COSTED-IBN, University Press, Hyderabad

9. Flickinger M.C. & Drew S.W. (1999) Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology

Fermentation Biocatalysis and Bioseperation, (Volumes I – V), John Wiley and Sons , Inc.,

New York

10.Stanbury P.F. & Whitaker. A. and S.J. Hall (2003), Principles of Fermentation

Technology, Butterworth – Heineman, New Delhi



COURSE TITLE: MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY

CREDIT: 7


HOURS: 135


MARKS: 100


OBJECTIVE:

The main objective of this course is to fulfill the basic requirement of the knowledge regarding

biochemical and bimolecular avenue. The contents of the course cover the structural and physio-

chemical properties of various bio-molecules and their function in living world.

UN

IT-1

(20 H

rs)

Properties of water, the law of mass action, Dissociation of water and its ion product, Kw,

buffer and buffering capacity. pH.Bronsted acids, ionization of weak acids and bases,

HendersenHasselbalch equation, Titration curves and buffering action. Law of

thermodynamics, Gibb‟s free energy, Donan‟s membrane equilibrium.

UN

IT-2

(20 H

rs)

Amino acids: structure, properties, classification and functions, naturally occurring

modifications of amino acids in proteins, non-protein amino acids. Structure of proteins:

primary, secondary (alpha helix, beta-plated and random coils), Tertiary and quaternary

structures. Ramachandran plots.Primary structure - determination of amino acid sequence of

proteins. Conjugated proteins and their biological functions

UN

IT-3

(20 H

rs)

Polysaccharides - occurrence, structure, isolation, properties and functions of homoglycans -

starch, glycogen, cellulose, dextrin, inulin, chitins, xylans, arabinans, galactans. Occurrence,

structure, properties, and functions of heteroglycans - bacterial cell wall polysaccharides,

glycoaminoglycans, agar, alginic acid, pectins, amino sugars and deoxv sugars, blood group

substances and sialic acids. Glycoprotein and their biological applications. Lectins structure

and functions.

UN

IT-4

(15

Hrs

)

Lipids: Detailed classification, structure, properties and Biological functions. Vitamins –

Classification, structure & physiological functions. Heterocyclic compounds – Secondary

metabolites in living system, pigments, isoprenoids

UN

IT-5

(15 H

rs)

Enzymes: classification, Mechanism of enzyme action, activation energy, factors affecting

enzyme activity. Enzyme Kinetics – Michaelismenton equation-Significance of Km. Enzyme

inhibition – Models and type of inhibition, noncompetitive, allosteric regulation. Isoenzymes,

coenzymes.

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1. pH measurements and preparation of buffers.

2. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography.

3. Separation of amino acids/ sugars/ lipids by Thin Layer Chromatography.

4. Titration of amino acids – Determination of pK and pI values.

5. Estimation of proteins by Lowry and Bradford methods.

6. Estimation of reducing sugars by Benedict‟s titrimetric method.

7. Determination of saponification number of lipids.

8. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates, fatty acids, phenolics, and volatile oils.

9. Analysis of blood / urine samples for sugars / urea / bile pigments.

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1. Michael Cox., David. L. Nelson, (2004) Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry,

Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

2. Geofrey L. Zubay, William W. Passon, Dennis L. Vance, (1988), Principles of

Biochemistry, IV edition, W. M. C. Brown Publishers, Australia

3. Murray, R.K. A. Grannor, D.K. Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell V. W. (2000) Harper’s

Biochemistry, McGraw Hill Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

4. Sober, (2002), Handbook of Biochemistry selected Data for Molecular Biology, II.Edition

5. Gregory A. Petsko, Dagmar Ringe, (2003) Protein structure and function (Printers in

Biology) Siauer Associates

6. Nicholes C. Price and Lewis Stevens, (2001), Fundamentals of Enzymology, The cell and

molecular Biology of catalytic proteins, Oxford University Press.

7. Stryer.L. (2003) Biochemistry, V. Edition. W.H. Freeman & Co. NY



COURSE TITLE: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

CREDIT: 7


HOURS: 135


MARKS: 100


OBJECTIVE:

To inculcate within the students basic knowledge regarding the origin of cell and cellular

organization, cell behavior, cellular processes and molecular events taking place within the cellular

environment.

UN

IT-1

(10

Hrs

)

The nature of Genetic material: The structure of DNA and RNA; Melting of DNA,

Superhelicity,Organization of Microbial Genomes, Organization of Eukaryotic Genomes,

Chromatin arrangement, nucleosomeformation

UN

IT-2

(20

Hrs

)

DNA Replication: General features, Enzymology including polymerase, topoisomerase,

primase and ligase. Mechanism of Replication. Rolling circle model and replication at

telomeres. DNA Repair: Types of DNA damage & Mechanism of DNA Repair. Mutation:

Types, Molecular basis and Mutagens. Homologous recombination of genes: Holiday

junction – Rec. A and other recombinases, site specific recombination (cre-loxP, flp-frt)

UN

IT-3

(20

Hrs

)

Transcription: Transcription machinery of prokaryotes, various transcription enzymes and

cofactors, initiation,elongation and termination, sigma factors, Transcription machinery of

eukaryotes, various forms of RNApolymerase and cofactors, initiation, elongation and

termination, promoters, enhancers, silencers, activators, effectof chromatin structure,

regulation of transcription.Post-transcriptional processes: RNA processing, splicing,

capping and polyadenylation, rRNA and tRNAprocessing, RNA Editing; RNAi and

UN

IT-4

(20

Hrs

)

Translation: The genetic code and protein structure, Mechanisms of translation in

prokaryotes, Mechanisms oftranslation in eukaryotes, initiation complex, ribosomes and

tRNA, factors, elongation and termination, in vitrotranslation systems, polycistronic/

monocistronic synthesis, Regulation of translation, RNA instability, inhibitors oftranslation,

stringent response in bacteria,Post-translational processes: Protein modification, folding,

chaperones, transportation; The Signal Hypothesis,protein degradation.

UN

IT-5

(20

Hrs

)

Regulation of gene expression: In prokaryotes – positive & negative control, lac, trp and

arb operon, catabolite repression, attenuation. Transcriptional & Post translational control.

Regulation in eukaryotes: Control by promoter, enhancer and silencers. Cis-trans elements.

Environmental & developmental regulation. DNA methylation & gene expression.

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1. Squash preparation of onion root tip and to observe all stages of mitosis.

2. To observe meiosis in onion flower buds of onion (smear method).

3. Subcellular fractionation

4. Histochemical study of cells/cell types using specific dyes/reagents.

5. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacterial, fungal, plant.

6. RNA isolation from yeast cells

7. Amplification of DNA by PCR

8. Quality and quantity checking of DNA and RNA by UV spectrophotometer

9. Isolation, determination, purification and separation of protein from yeast cells.

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DIN

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1. Watson, J.D. (1987) – Molecular Biology of Gene – The Benjamin / Cummings

Publishing Company Inc., California

2. Lodishetal (2000) – Molecular Cell Biology, Fourth Edition, W.H. Freeman and

Company, New York.

3. Stanley. R. Maloy. John.E. Cronan., David Freifelder (1998), Microbial Genetics, II

edition, Narosa Publishing House, Madras

4. Strickberger (1996), Genetics, Prentice Hall of InidaPvt. Ltd., New Delhi

5. Brown. T.A. (2006), Genomes 3, Garland Science Publications

6. Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff. Keith Roberts, Peter

Walter, (2002), Molecular Biology of the Cell, IV edition, Garland Publishing, New York

7. Anthony J.F. Griffiths, (2000), An introduction to Genetic Analysis, W.H. Freeman

8. Paul. G. Young. (2003), Exploring Genomics, W.H. Freeman

9. Geoffrey M. Cooper, Robert E. Hausman, (2007). The Cell – A Molecular Approach,

Sinauer Associates, Inc.,


COURSE CODE: MMB S01 COURSE TYPE : OSC

COURSE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & COMPUTER APPLICATION: BASICS

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS : 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS : 100

THEORY: 70 CCA : 30

OBJECTIVE:

- Understands the concept and place of research in concerned subject

- Gets acquainted with various resources for research

- Becomes familiar with various tools of research

- Gets conversant with sampling techniques, methods of research and techniques of

analysis of data

- Achieves skills in various research writings

- Gets acquainted with computer Fundamentals and Office Software Package .

UN

IT -

1

1

5H

rs

CONCEPT OF RESEARCH :

Meaning and characteristics of research , Steps in research process , Types of

research -

i) Basic, applied and action research ii) Quantitative and qualitative research ,

Areas of research in concern discipline

SELECTION OF PROBLEM FOR RESEARCH :

Sources of the selection of the problem , Criteria of the selection of the problem

,Drafting a research proposal , Meaning and types of variables ,Meaning and

types of hypotheses.

UN

IT -

2

1

5H

rs

TOOLS OF RESEARCH :

Meaning and general information about construction procedure of (i)

Questionnaire, (ii) Interview, (iii) Psychological test, (iv) observation (v) Rating

scale (vi) Attitute scale and (vii) check list , Advantages and disadvantages of

above tools

SAMPLING :

Meaning of population and sample , Importance and characteristics of sample ,

Sampling techniques - i) Probability sampling : random sampling, stratified

random sampling, systematic sampling, cluster sampling ii) Non-probability

sampling: incidental sampling, purposive sampling, quata sampling

UN

IT-

3

15 H

rs

METHODS OF RESEARCH

Meaning and conducting procedure of following methods of research :

Historical method

, Survey method , Case study , Causal comparative method , Developmental

methods

, Experimental methods

UN

IT -

4

1

5 H

rs

TREATMENT OF DATA :

Level of measurements of data , Steps in treatment of data: editing, coding,

classification, tabulation, analysis and interpretation of results

WRITING RESEARCH REPORT :

Sections of report : Preliminary section , Content section : various chapters ,

Supplementary section : appendices, references, abstract , Format and style

UN

IT -

5

1

5 H

rs

Computer Fundamentals

Computer System : Features, Basic Applications of Computer, Generations of

computers.

Parts of Computer System : Block Diagram of Computer System ; Central Processing

Unit (CPU) ; Concepts and types of Hardware and Software, Input Devices - Mouse,

Keyboard, Scanner, Bar Code Reader, track ball ; Output Devices - Monitor, Printer,

Plotter, Speaker ; Computer Memory - primary and secondary memory, magnetic and

optical storage devices.

Operating Systems - MS Windows : Basics of Windows OS ; Components of

Windows - icons, taskbar, activating windows, using desktop, title bar, running

applications, exploring computer, managing files and folders, copying and moving files

and folders ; Control panel : display properties, adding and removing software and

hardware, setting date and time, screensaver and appearance ; Windows Accessories :

Calculator, Notepad, WordPad, Paint Brush, Command Prompt, Windows Explorer.

UN

IT -

6

1

5 H

rs

Office Software Package

Word Processing - MS Word :Creating, Saving, Opening, Editing, Formatting, Page

Setup and printing Documents ; Using tables, pictures, and charts in Documents ; Using

Mail Merge sending a document to a group of people and creating form, letters and

label.

Spreadsheet - MS Excel :Opening a Blank or New Workbook, entering data/Function/

Formula into worksheet cell, Saving, Editing, Formatting, Page Setup and printing

Workbooks.

Presentation Software - MS Power Point : Creating and enhancing a presentation,

modifying a presentation, working with visual elements, adding Animations &

Transitions and delivering a presentation.

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DIN

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Agrawal, Y. P. (1988). Better sampling : Concepts, Techniques and Evaluation.

New Delhi : sterling Publishers Private Ltd.

Best, J. W. (1993). Research in Education (6th

ed.)

New Delhi : Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

Broota, K. D. (1992) Experimental design in Behavioral Research (2nd

ed.)

New Delhi : Wiley Eastern Limited.

Dasgupta, A. K. (1968). Methodology of Economic Research.

Bombay : Asia Publishing House.

Edwards, A. L. (1957). Techniques of Attitude Scale construction.

New York : Appleton-ConturyCrotts. Inc.

Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P. and Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational Research : An

introduction

(8th

ed.) Coston : Allyn and Bacon.

Garrett, H. E. & Woodworth, R. S. (1969). Statistics in Psychology and

Education.

Bombay :Vakils, Fecffer& Simons Pvt. Ltd.

Goode, W. J. &Hatt, Paul K. (1952). Methods in Social Research.

New York : McGraw-Hill.

Gopal, M. H. (1964). An Introduction to research Procedure in Social

Sciences.

Bombay : Asia Publishing House.

Hillway, T. (1964) Introduction to Research (2nd

ed.)

Noston : Houghton Miffin.

Hyman, H. H., et al. (1975). Interviewing in Social Research.

Chicago : University of Chicago Press.

Kerlinger, F. N. (1983) Foundation of Behavioural Research. (2nd

Indian Reprint)

New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Kothari, C. R. (2007) Research Methodology: Methods & Techniques( 3rd

ed.)

New Delhi :WishwaPrakashan.

Fundamentals Of Computers, Dr. P. Mohan, Himalaya Publishing House.

Microsoft First Look Office 2010, K. Murray, Microsoft Press.

Fundamental Of Research Methodology And Statistics, Y.K. Singh, New Age

International (P) Limited, Publishers

Practical Research Methods, Dr Catherine Dawson, Howtobooks.

The Essence Of Research Methodology, Jan Jonker&BartjanPennink, Springer.


COURSE CODE:MMB A01 COURSE TYPE: ECC

COURSE TITLE: CONSTITUTIONALISM & INDIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS : 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS : 100

THEORY: 70 CCA : 30

OBJECTIVE:

- Understands the concept of Constitutionalism

- Gets acquainted with various Indian Political System

- Becomes familiar with various Union Executive

- Gets conversant with Legislatures, Legislative Bills

- Achieves skills in various writings

UN

IT -

1

1

2 H

rs

Unit- I:

Meaning: Constitution, Constitutional government & constitutionalism; Difference

between Constitution & Constitutionalism; Constitutionalism: Basis, Elements,

Features & future. Forms of Government: Democracy & Dictatorship, Unitary &

Federal, Parliamentary & Presidential form. Ideals of the Indian Constitution

incorporated in the Preamble.

Special Features of the Indian Constitution.

UN

IT -

2

24 H

rs

Unit-II:

Concept of State and Citizenship, Judicial Review and Fundamental Rights, Directive

Principles of the State Policy, Fundamental Duties, Procedure to Amend the Indian

Constitution, Judiciary: Supreme Court and High Court, Judicial Activism and Public

Interest Litigation and Provisions relating to Emergency.

UN

IT -

3

10 H

rs

Unit-III:

Union Executive- President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers. State Executive-

Governor, Chief Minister and Council of Ministers. Local Bodies & Panchayati Raj

UN

IT -

4

2

4 H

rs

Unit-IV:

Parliament of India, State Legislatures, Legislative Bills: Ordinary, Money and

Financial, Union State Relations, Principles of the „Separation of Power and the

„Principles of Check & Balance‟.

Political Parties and Pressure Groups.

Challenges before Indian Democracy: Terrorism, Regionalism, Communalism,

Linguistics and National Integration.

UN

IT -

5

20

Hrs

Unit-V:

Controller & Accountant General of India, Solicitor General, Advocate General,

Election Commission, Union and State(s) Public Service Commission, Finance

Commission.

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DIN

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HOBBES, Thomas, The Leviathan, Chapters XIII & XVII [entry]

LOCKE, John, The Second Treatise of Civil Government, Chapter IX [entry]

ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques, The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right

MONTESQUIEU, The spirit of the laws,

RAZ, Joseph, “The rule of law and its virtue”, in The authority of law, Oxford

University Press, 1979

Dicey on British constitution

P. Ishwara Bhat Inter-relationship between Fundamental Rights

M P Jain Indian Constitutional Law

H M Seervai Constitutional Law of India

V N Shukla Constitution of India

D DBasu Shorter Constitution of India

B Sivarao Constitutional Assembly Debates

J. V R Krishna Iyer Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles

Paras Diwan Human Rights and the Law

P K Tripathi Some Insight into Fundamental Rights

S P Sathe Fundamental Rights and Amendment to the Constitution

P B Gajendragadkar Law, Liberty and Social Justice

David Karrys Politics of Law


COURSE CODE: MMB A02 COURSE TYPE: ECC/CB

COURSE TITLE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

CREDIT: 06


HOURS: 90


MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

This course entails the study of diversity existing at different levels of Biological organization and

understanding the essential ecological and biological processes which ensures long terms stability of

ecosystems. The course highlights the values of biodiversity and scientific approaches to conservation

which only can lead to sustainable development and safeguard the interests of future generations.

UN

IT-1

15

Ho

urs

Concepts: Organic Evolution through geological time scale. Ecosystems, Biomes etc. Levels

of Biodiversity: Community diversity (alpha, beta and gamma biodiversity), Gradients of

Biodiversity (latitudinal, insular), Ecosystems diversity: biomes, mangroves, coral reefs,

wetlands and terrestrial diversity.

UN

IT-2

21

Ho

urs

Species diversity: richness and evenness, loss of species. Magnitude of biodiversity (Global

and Indian data). Direct and indirect benefits, Bioprospecting (molecular techniques like

RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, DNA sequencing etc). Genetic diversity: sub species, breeds, race,

varieties and forms. Variation in genes and alleles at DNA sequence levels.

UN

IT-3

20

Ho

urs

Microbial diversity and useful prokaryotic genes. Speciation (amount of genetic variation is

the basis of speciation). Consequences of monotypic agricultural practice (Detailed case

studies). Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat loss and fragmentation; Disturbance and pollution;

introduction of exotic species; extinction of species. Human intervention and Biodiversity

loss: Global Environmental changes, land in water use changes.

UN

IT-4

16 H

ou

rs

History of Conservation movements: International and National. Ecologically relevant

parameters (viable population, minimum dynamic area, effective population size,

metapopulations); reproductive parameters in conservation (breeding habitats, mating systems,

inbreeding depression, genetic bottlenecks, genetic constraints). IUCN categorized-

endangered, threatened, vulnerable species. Red data book and related documentation.

UN

IT-5

18 H

ou

rs

Methods of conservation. In situ (Biosphere reserves, National Parks, Sancturies, Sacred

groves etc) & ex situ (Botanical gardens, Zoological gardens, Gene banks, Pollen, seed and

seedling banks, tissue culture and DNA banks etc) modes of conservation. Benefits of

conservation: Biodiversity as a source of food and improved varieties; source of drugs and

medicines; Aesthetics and cultural benefits. Sustainable development.

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1. Dobson, A.P.(1996) Conservation and Biodiversity. Scientific American Library, New

York, NY.

2. Gaston, K J. and J.I. Spicer (1998) Biodiversity: An Introduction. Blackwell Science,

London, UK.

3. Groom bridge, B., and M. Jenkins (2000) Global Biodiversity: Earth’s Living

Resources in the 21st Century. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK.

4. IUCN, (2004) Red list of threatened species. A global species assessment. IUCN,

Gland, Switzerland.

5. Loreau, M., and P. Inchausti, (2002) Biodiversity and Ecosystem functioning:

Synthesis and Perspectives. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

6. Primack, R.B.(2002) Essentials of Conservation Biology, 3rd Edn.,Sinauer Associates,

Sunderland, Ma. USA.


COURSE CODE: BTC A03 COURSE TYPE: ECC/CB

COURSE TITLE: VIROLOGY

CREDIT: 6

THEORY: 6 PRACTICAL: --

HOURS: 90


MARKS: 100


OBJECTIVE:

The main objective of the paper is to acquaint students with the principles of virology, virus

classification, animal, plant and microbial viruses and viral diseases.

UN

IT-1

(15

Hrs

)

Classification, Morphology and Chemistry of Viruses: Virus evolution and

classification, properties of viruses, virus structure Working with viruses: Techniques

for visualisation and enumeration of viral particles, measuring biological activity of

viruses, assays for virus estimation and manipulation, characterization of viral products

expressed ininfected cells, Diagnostic virology, Physical and chemical manipulation of

viruses.

UN

IT-2

(2

0 H

rs)

Virus replication Strategies: Principal events involved in replication: Adsorption,

penetration, uncoating nucleic acid and protein synthesis, intracellular trafficking,

assembly, maturation and release, viral-host interaction, Host response to viral infection.

Replication patterns of specific viruses: Replicative strategies employed by animal

DNA & RNA viruses. Identification of virus prototypes associated with different virus

replication schemes: Herpesvirus, Poliovirus, Influenza virus, VSV, SV40 and Adeno

Virus, Poxviruses, Hepatitis Viruses, coronaviruses, Retroviruses

UN

IT-3

(15 H

rs)

Subviral pathogens: HDV, Prions, ViroidsPathogenesis of viral infection: Stages of

infection, Patterns of some viral diseases- epidemiology, transmission, infection,

symptoms, risk, transformation and oncogenesis, emerging viruses. Anti-viral

strategies-prevention and control of viral diseases: Host specific and nonspecific

defensemechanismsinvolved in resistance to and recovery from virus infections. Role of

interferon in viral infections. Viral Chemotherapy: Nucleoside analogs, reverse

transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, Vaccines New methods: subunit vaccines,

anti-idiotype and DNA vaccines. U

NIT

-4 (

20

Hrs

)

History and development of plant virology, cryptograms, and classification of plant

viruses and viroids: Brief history of virology highlighting the significant contributions

of scientists to the development of plant virology; significance of plant virology and

modern classification of plant viruses and viroids according to ICTV; and cryptograms

of various plant viruses and virus groups General methods of propagation of plant

viruses; purification of plant viruses using centrifugation, chromatography and

electrophoresis techniques, their assay

UN

IT-5

(1

5 H

rs)

General discussion on symptoms caused by viruses and viroids in diseased economically

important trees and agricultural crops, and their control including development of virus

disease resistant transgeneticsMicrobial viruses: Diversity, classification, characteristics

and applications of bacteriophages, and general account on algal, fungal and protozoan

viruses

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DIN

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1. Principles of Virology: Molecular Biology, Pathogenesis and Control of Animal

Viruses by S.J. Flint, L.W. Enquist, V.R. Racaniello, and A.M. Skalka 2nd

edition, ASM Press, Washington, DC, 2004.

2. Introduction to Modern Virology EPZ by Nigel Dimmock, Andrew Easton and

Keith Leppard, 5th edition, Blackwell Publishing, 2005

3. Basic Virology by Edward K. Wanger, Martinez Hewiett, David Bloom and

David Camerini, 3rd edition, Blackwell Publishing, 2007.

4. Principles of Molecular Virology by Alan J. Cann, 3rd edition, Elsevier

Academic Press, 2001.

5. Plant Virology by Roger Hull, 4th edition, Academic press, 2002


COURSE CODE: MMB A04 COURSE TYPE: ECC/CB

COURSE TITLE: BIOSTATISTICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

CREDIT: 6

THEORY: 6

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 100 PRACTICAL:00

OBJECTIVE:

Statical analysis has become a major requisite for the authenticity of research undertaking and

also for the verification of research findings. In a similar way instruments are the backbone of

biotechnological research. In this regards this paper has been designed to bridge the gap between

the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject

UN

IT-1

(20 H

rs)

Introduction to biostatistics, concept of variables in biological systems, collection,

classification, tabulation, graphical and diagrammatic representation of numerical data.

Measures of central tendency and dispersion - mean, median, mode, range, standard

deviation, variance.

UN

IT-2

(15

Hrs

)

Correlation and Regression. Testing of Hypotheses: Analysis of Variance & covariance.

Types of errors and level of significance. Tests of significance – F & t tests, chi-square

tests, ANOVA. Probability distributions (viz. Binomial, Poisson and Normal)

UN

IT-3

(20

Hrs

)

Principles and applications; simple, compound, phase contrast, fluorescent, SEM &

TEM. Centrifugation technique: principle, type of centrifuges, differential & density

gradient centrifugation. Chromatography: Principles & types; paper, thin layer, gas, ion

exchange, HPLC, FPLC and affinity chromatography

UN

IT-4

(20

Hrs

)

Electromagnetic spectrum, beer lambert‟s law., UV/Visible spectrophotometer,

colorimeter, Electrophoresis: polyacilamide& Agarose gel electrophoresis. Blotting:

southern, western and northern blotting, immunoblotting, immunoelectrophoresis.

UN

IT-5

(15

Hrs

)

Nature and type of radiations, preparation of labelled biological samples. Deletion and

measurement of radioactivity, GM counter, scintillation counter, autoradiography, flow

cytometry. Safety measurement in handing radioisotopes.

SU

GG

ES

TE

D R

EA

DIN

GS

1. Wilson K. and Walker J. 2004: Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry,

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

2. Upadyay A., Upadyay K. and Nath N. 2009: Biophysical chemistry: Principles and

techniques. Himalaya publishing.

3. A Biologists guide to Principles and techniques of practical Biochemistry,

B.D.williams (Edward Arnold).

4. Arora P.N. &Malkhan P.K. 1997: Biostatistics, Himalaya publication

5. Mahajan , S. K. : Introductory statistics for Biology

6. Rosner Bernard 1999: Fundamentals of Biostatistics Duxbury Press.

7. Glover T. and Mitchell K. 2002: Introduction to biostatistics, McGraw Hill NY


COURSE CODE: MMB A05 COURSE TYPE: ECC

COURSE TITLE: ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

CREDIT: 6


HOURS: 90


MARKS: 100


OBJECTIVE:

The main objective of the paper is to introduce them the basics of antimicrobial agents and therapy

and the mode of action of various antimicrobial agents.

UN

IT-1

(2

0H

rs)

History of chemotherapy. Types of antimicrobial agents, Plants and arsenicals as

therapeutic agents, Paul Ehrlich and his contributions to chemotherapy. Development of

synthetic drugs, development of antibiotics, Chemical non-medicinal antimicrobials-

sanitizers, disinfectants, aantiseptics. Selective toxicity and target sites of drug action.

Synthetic medicinal agents (drugs)- sulphonamides, antitubercular compounds,

nitrofurans, nalidixic acid, metronidazoles, Antibiotics – Definition of antibiotics, types

(chemical) of antibiotics, cell wall inhibitors, membrane inhibitors, inhibitors of

macromolelcular synthesis, antimetabolites.

UN

IT-2

(2

0 H

rs)

Bactericidal and bactedriostatic agents, Factors affecting static and cidal activity,

phenols and phenolic compounds, alcohols, halogens, heavy metals, dyes, detergents,

aldehydes Non-medical uses of antibiotics. Assay methods of antimicrobial agents –

Phenol coefficient, qualitative assay of drugs (drug sensitivity testing), quantitative

assays – liquid tube assay (MIC), agar tube assay.Agar plate assay.

UN

IT-3

(15 H

rs)

Principles of chemotherapy and Drug Resistance The physical and lab diagnosis, tests

for sensitivity, choice drug determination, dosage, route of administration, combined

drug therapy. Policies of antibiotic usage.

UN

IT-4

(2

0 H

rs) Antiviral agents – Biological antiviral agents- interferon and its action, chemical

antiviral agents. Phenomenon of drug resistance, basis of drug resistance, biochemistry

of drug resistance, genetics of drug resistance. Control of drug resistant bacteria

UN

IT-5

(1

5 H

rs)

Mode of action of important drugs – Cell wall inhibitors (betalactam drugs), membrane

inhibitors (polymyxin), Ribosomal inhibitors (aminoglycosides – streptomycin), folic

acid inhibitors (sulfa drugs), antifungal drugs (nystatin)

SU

GG

ES

TE

D R

EA

DIN

GS

1. Biochemistry of antimicrobial action by Franklin, TJ and Snow, L.

2. The Molecular basis of antibiotic action by Gale et al

3. Antibiotics and chemotherapy by Gerrod et al

4. Pharmaceutical microbiologoy by Hugo Russell

5. Microbiological assays by Hewitt

6. Antiviral drugs by S.Karger

7. Burgers‟ medicinal chemistry (all volumes) Ed. Manfield E. World.

8. Antibiotic interactions by Williams

9. The control of antibiotic resistant bacteria by Harris and Harris

COURSE CODE: MMB 101 COURSE TYPE: CCC COURSE …€¦ · COURSE CODE: MMB 101 COURSE TYPE: CCC...

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