AllaAlla ShogenovaShogenova11, Kazbulat Shogenov, Kazbulat Shogenov11, , Raisa Pomeranceva Raisa Pomeranceva 22,,Filip Neele Filip Neele 33, Chris Hendriks , Chris Hendriks 44

11Institute of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia,Institute of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, allaalla@gi.ee@gi.ee22Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Agency, LatviaLatvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Agency, Latvia33 TNO, The NetherlandsTNO, The Netherlands44 Ecofys International BvEcofys International Bv

Country reviewCountry reviewEstoniaEstonia

Large industrial COLarge industrial CO22 emissions in emissions in 2005/2005/2007 in Estonia2007 in Estonia andand Latvia Latvia

registered by the European Union registered by the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. Solid Emissions Trading Scheme. Solid lines show the natural gas pipeline lines show the natural gas pipeline

network. network.

Million tonnes

Number of sources

Share in all ETS emissions, %

2005/2007Estonia 11.5/14.5 9/9 91.3/94.6Latvia 1.9/1.9 6/5 63.8/65.7

A total of 9 large (emitting more than 0.1 A total of 9 large (emitting more than 0.1 million tonnes (Mt) of CO2) industrial million tonnes (Mt) of CO2) industrial sources of CO2 emissions, registered in sources of CO2 emissions, registered in 2005 in the EU Emission Trading 2005 in the EU Emission Trading Scheme, produced 11.5 Mt of CO2 in Scheme, produced 11.5 Mt of CO2 in Estonia. Estonia. Large CO2 emission in Estonia is related Large CO2 emission in Estonia is related to the oil shale used as the main fuel for to the oil shale used as the main fuel for the power generation, where the two the power generation, where the two largest Estonian power stations largest Estonian power stations ““EestiEesti””and and ““BaltiBalti”” produced respectively 7.7 and produced respectively 7.7 and 2.25 Mt of CO2 in 2005 and 9.4 and 2.7 2.25 Mt of CO2 in 2005 and 9.4 and 2.7 Mt of CO2 in 2007. Mt of CO2 in 2007.

A total of 9 large industrial sources of CO2 emissions, registered in 2005 in the EU Emission Trading Scheme, produced 11.5 Mt of CO2 in Estonia.

Large CO2 emission in Estonia is related to the oil shale used as the main fuel for the power generation, where the two largest Estonian power stations “Eesti” and “Balti”produced respectively 7.7 and 2.25 Mt of CO2 in 2005 and 9.4 and 2.7 Mt of CO2 in 2007.

CO2 emission from oil CO2 emission from oil shale combustion is shale combustion is significantly higher by significantly higher by comparison with other comparison with other fossil fuels as energy fossil fuels as energy sources.sources.That is why CO2 That is why CO2

emission per capita in emission per capita in Estonia is about two times Estonia is about two times higher than the average higher than the average value in Europe and at value in Europe and at 16th place in the World 16th place in the World rate (2006 data).rate (2006 data).Large emissions Large emissions

produced in Estonian produced in Estonian power sector are the power sector are the highest in the Baltic highest in the Baltic region. region.

Geological crossGeological cross--section across Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Major aquifers aresection across Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Major aquifers are indicated by dots. indicated by dots. V V –– Vendian (Ediacaran), Cm Vendian (Ediacaran), Cm –– Cambrian, O Cambrian, O –– Ordovician, S Ordovician, S –– Silurian, D1, D2 and D3 Silurian, D1, D2 and D3 –– Lower, Middle Lower, Middle

and Upper Devonian, P2 and Upper Devonian, P2 –– Middle Permian, T1 Middle Permian, T1 –– Lower Triassic, J Lower Triassic, J –– Jurassic, K Jurassic, K –– Cretaceous, Q Cretaceous, Q ––Quaternary.Quaternary.

Depths of top of the Cambrian aquiferDepths of top of the Cambrian aquifer in the in the Baltic basinBaltic basin. The P. The P--T fields of gaseous and T fields of gaseous and supercritical state of CO2 (supercritical state of CO2 (P P = 73.8 bars, = 73.8 bars, T T = = 31oC) are shown. The line of the geological 31oC) are shown. The line of the geological crosscross--section issection is indicated.indicated.

Sliaupa et Sliaupa et al, 2008al, 2008

Shogenova Shogenova et al, 2009et al, 2009

Top of the Precambrian basement is shown by contours. Top of the Precambrian basement is shown by contours. Flexures above the basement fault are shown by yellow Flexures above the basement fault are shown by yellow

lines lines

Section along ValgaSection along Valga--Letipea line is modified after Puura & Vaher, 1997.Letipea line is modified after Puura & Vaher, 1997.♦♦ –– seismic shortpoint, Q seismic shortpoint, Q –– Quaternary, D Quaternary, D –– Devonian, O Devonian, O –– Ordovician, Ordovician,

C C –– Cambrian, V Cambrian, V –– Vendian, PR Vendian, PR –– Palaeoproterozoic basement.Palaeoproterozoic basement.

Major aquifers of sedimentary cover of Major aquifers of sedimentary cover of Estonia. Hydrogeological crossEstonia. Hydrogeological cross--section section (modified after Perens & Valner, 1997(modified after Perens & Valner, 1997))..

OrdovicianOrdovician--Cambrian Aquifer System. (Compiled by R.Perens, 1997, Cambrian Aquifer System. (Compiled by R.Perens, 1997, prepared for GEOBALTICA project by Institute of Geology, Tartu prepared for GEOBALTICA project by Institute of Geology, Tartu

University, edited for EU GEOCAPACITY project).University, edited for EU GEOCAPACITY project).

ConclusionConclusion

Because of the shallow sedimentary basin Because of the shallow sedimentary basin and nonand non--saline aquifers, Estonia has zero saline aquifers, Estonia has zero CO2 storage capacity.CO2 storage capacity.

Mineral trapping by oil shale ashMineral trapping by oil shale ash in in EstoniaEstonia

The concept for abatement of COThe concept for abatement of CO22 emissions in emissions in power productionpower production are are based on oil shale ash as based on oil shale ash as sorbent for COsorbent for CO22 mineralizationmineralization ((M. Uibu and R. M. Uibu and R. Kuusik,Kuusik, 2007)2007)

Mineral trapping by oil shale ashMineral trapping by oil shale ash in in EstoniaEstonia

Estonian oil shale is a carbonaceous fineEstonian oil shale is a carbonaceous fine--grained sedimentary rock of grained sedimentary rock of Ordovician age containing 10Ordovician age containing 10––60% kerogen (solid organic matter), 2060% kerogen (solid organic matter), 20––70% carbonates represented by limestone, or more rarely by dolom70% carbonates represented by limestone, or more rarely by dolomite, ite, and 15and 15––60% siliciclastic minerals.60% siliciclastic minerals.

During combustion of one tonne of oil shale 450During combustion of one tonne of oil shale 450--550 kg of ash is 550 kg of ash is produced (in case of mineral coal only 100 kg of ash is producedproduced (in case of mineral coal only 100 kg of ash is produced). ).

Mineral trapping by oil shale ashMineral trapping by oil shale ash in in EstoniaEstonia

During combustion of oil shale CO2 is formed not only as a burniDuring combustion of oil shale CO2 is formed not only as a burning product of ng product of organic carbon, but also as a decomposition product of the carboorganic carbon, but also as a decomposition product of the carbonate part of ashnate part of ash,,

the total content of carbon dioxide increases up to 25% in flue the total content of carbon dioxide increases up to 25% in flue gases of oil shale.gases of oil shale.

Oil shale ash contains up to 20Oil shale ash contains up to 20––25% free Ca25% free Ca––Mg oxides. Portlandite Ca(OH)2, Mg oxides. Portlandite Ca(OH)2, forming from free lime during hydraulic transportation and wet dforming from free lime during hydraulic transportation and wet deposition of ash, eposition of ash, can bind CO2 also from air. can bind CO2 also from air.

From the annual production of about 16.3 million tonnes of oil sFrom the annual production of about 16.3 million tonnes of oil shale in Estonia in hale in Estonia in 2007, 14.3 million tonnes (88%) was combusted for energy product2007, 14.3 million tonnes (88%) was combusted for energy production.ion.

AAbout 7 million tonnes of ash was produced in 2007. bout 7 million tonnes of ash was produced in 2007.

The maximum amount of COThe maximum amount of CO22 bound from flue gas can be estimated is about 10bound from flue gas can be estimated is about 10--12% of CO12% of CO22 emissions.emissions.

Carbonates that formed as result of the binding process could bCarbonates that formed as result of the binding process could be separated and e separated and used as independent byused as independent by--product, but it would be more useful to store them in product, but it would be more useful to store them in closed oilclosed oil--shale mines. The latter solution will permit filling undergroundshale mines. The latter solution will permit filling underground mining mining cavities and prevent environmental problems arising from ash heacavities and prevent environmental problems arising from ash heaps.ps.

EstonianEstonian--Latvian sourceLatvian source--transporttransport--sink scenariosink scenario

EstonianEstonian--Latvian case study is only one crossLatvian case study is only one cross--borderborder study in EU GEOCAPACITY project. study in EU GEOCAPACITY project.

This is explained by zero CO2 storage capacity in This is explained by zero CO2 storage capacity in Estonia and favourable for CO2 storage Estonia and favourable for CO2 storage geological conditions in Latvia.geological conditions in Latvia.

The possibility of such case is proved by The possibility of such case is proved by successful exploitation for about 40 years in Latvia successful exploitation for about 40 years in Latvia InInĉĉukalns Underground Natural Gas Storage, ukalns Underground Natural Gas Storage, supporting Estonia with natural gas when supporting Estonia with natural gas when necessary.necessary.

EstonianEstonian--Latvian sourceLatvian source--transporttransport--sink scenariosink scenario

(oxyfuel capture)(oxyfuel capture)

Eesti Power Plant© Eesti Energia

Balti Power Plant http://www.powerplant.ee/© Eesti Energia

Luku-Duku

South- Kandava

Luku-Duku

South-Kandava

Capacity 44 Mt CO2

Capacity 40 Mt CO2

South KandavaSouth KandavaThese structures were These structures were determined by seismic determined by seismic investigations and studied by investigations and studied by four (Lukufour (Luku--Duku) and five Duku) and five (South Kandava) boreholes. (South Kandava) boreholes. South Kandava is South Kandava is brachyanticlinal fold structure of brachyanticlinal fold structure of northnorth--eastern stretching located eastern stretching located in the centre of Latvia. in the centre of Latvia. The southThe south--eastern and northeastern and north--western flanks of the western flanks of the brachyanticlinal fold are brachyanticlinal fold are bounded by faults. bounded by faults. Its area is about 69 km2, Its area is about 69 km2, thickness of reservoir is 25thickness of reservoir is 25--36 36 m. m. The top of reservoir rocks The top of reservoir rocks represented by sandstones of represented by sandstones of the Middle Cambrian Deimena the Middle Cambrian Deimena Formation located at the depth Formation located at the depth of 1053 m. They covered by of 1053 m. They covered by argillaceous rocks of Lower argillaceous rocks of Lower Ordovician Zebrus Formation.Ordovician Zebrus Formation.

LukuLuku--DukuDukuLukuLuku--Duku (Figure 3.6) is Duku (Figure 3.6) is situated within the situated within the tectonically dislocated tectonically dislocated zone Salduszone Saldus--SlokaSloka--InInččukalns high. The Lukuukalns high. The Luku--Duku local high is nearDuku local high is near--fault brachyanticlinal fold. fault brachyanticlinal fold. Its area is about 50 km2, Its area is about 50 km2, thickness of reservoir rock thickness of reservoir rock is 45 m, their top depth is is 45 m, their top depth is 1024 m. Reservoir rocks 1024 m. Reservoir rocks are represented by are represented by sandstones of Middle sandstones of Middle Cambrian Deimena Cambrian Deimena Formation. They covered Formation. They covered by argillaceous rocks of by argillaceous rocks of Lower Ordovician Zebrus Lower Ordovician Zebrus Formation.Formation.

Summary of the input parameters for Summary of the input parameters for storage in the GeoCapacity DSS storage in the GeoCapacity DSS

Model.Model.Sink Name Luku-Duku South Kandava

Depth (m) (from the earth surface) 1024 1053Current reservoir pressure (bar) 113 114Maximum reservoir pressure (bar) 155 156Reservoir radius (km) 8 5Trap radius (km) 8 5Reservoir thickness (m) 45 28Porosity (%) 22 20Net-gross (aquifers only) 0.8 0.8Reservoir temperature (°C) 19 11Permeability (mD) >200-300 300Well radius (m) 0.15 0.15Storage capacity (MtCO2)in Geocapacity database 40.2 44Well injection rate (Mt/yr) 2 2Storage efficiency factor (%)Aquifers : fraction of

available total pore space 40 40

TheThe total conservative capacity total conservative capacity of tof two wo anticlinal structures in Latvia in Cambrian anticlinal structures in Latvia in Cambrian aquifer aquifer is enough is enough for about 8 and 11 years for about 8 and 11 years of the storage at two sites of the storage at two sites correspondinglycorrespondingly. . The negative aspect is a The negative aspect is a big distance of transportation by pipelines big distance of transportation by pipelines which is estimated as 800 km.which is estimated as 800 km.

TransportTransportNatural gas is imported into Natural gas is imported into Estonia from Russia and is Estonia from Russia and is supported from the Insupported from the Inĉĉhukalns hukalns underground gas storage in underground gas storage in Latvia. Latvia.

CO2 pipelines could be CO2 pipelines could be constructed along the available constructed along the available natural gas pipelines connecting natural gas pipelines connecting Estonia and Latvia. The total Estonia and Latvia. The total distance to the structures along distance to the structures along available pipelines route is about available pipelines route is about 800 km. 800 km.

The price for the pipelines The price for the pipelines construction calculated by DSS construction calculated by DSS is 75.05 mln EURO or 1.88 Euro is 75.05 mln EURO or 1.88 Euro per 1 tonne of CO2 avoided and per 1 tonne of CO2 avoided and could be constructed during could be constructed during three years. Pipelines three years. Pipelines construction could be provided construction could be provided by Latvian Gas and Estonian Gas by Latvian Gas and Estonian Gas companies.companies.

Economic parameters for Economic parameters for EstonianEstonian--Latvian Latvian sourcesource--transporttransport--sink sink case studycase study

Indicator P90 value P50value P10value Mean value Unit NPV 2520.68 2543.74 2567.28 2543.56 M€ NPV capture 1945.55 1966.76 1987.88 1966.45 M€ NPV compression 483.11 488.13 493.15 488.12 M€ NPV transport 75.10 75.17 75.19 75.05 M€ NPV storage 13.72 13.94 14.16 13.94 M€ NPV normalised 63.29 63.88 64.49 63.88 €/tCO2avoided NPV capture normalised 48.85 49.39 49.93 49.39 €/tCO2avoided NPV compression normalised 12.13 12.26 12.39 12.26 €/tCO2avoided NPV transport normalised 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.88 €/tCO2avoided NPV storage normalised 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.35 €/tCO2avoided Internal Rate of Return -99.00 -99.00 -99.00 -99.00 % Unit technical cost 65.78 66.39 67.02 66.39 €/tCO2 Pay out time 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 yr Maximum exposure -2667.82 -2643.42 -2619.41 -2643.34 M€ SRC NPV capture 0 1347.76 1367.28 1386.77 1367.26 M€ SRC NPV compression 0 299.21 299.21 299.21 299.21 M€ SRC NPV capture 1 590.46 599.20 607.97 599.19 M€ SRC NPV compression 1 183.91 188.92 193.94 188.91 M€ SINK NPV storage 0 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 M€ SINK NPV storage 1 5.39 5.60 5.83 5.60 M€

Left Left -- ttotal cost for capture. otal cost for capture. RightRight-- ccapture cost for 1 t of apture cost for 1 t of

CO2 avoided.CO2 avoided.

LLefteft -- ttotal cost for CO2 storage.otal cost for CO2 storage.RRightight-- sstorage cost for 1 t of CO2 torage cost for 1 t of CO2

avoided. avoided.

LLefteft --ttotal cost for scenario. otal cost for scenario. RRightight -- Technical cost for 1 t Technical cost for 1 t

of CO2 avoided.of CO2 avoided.

EstonianEstonian--Latvian sourceLatvian source--transporttransport--sink scenariosink scenario

For economic modelling by DSS two For economic modelling by DSS two planned planned new blocks of Power new blocks of Power Plants with expected capacity 300 MW each and annual CO2 emissioPlants with expected capacity 300 MW each and annual CO2 emissions ns 7.7 and 3.3 Mt per year were taken.7.7 and 3.3 Mt per year were taken.

Total cost of the project is estimated by DSS as 2543.56 MTotal cost of the project is estimated by DSS as 2543.56 M€€ for 30 years.for 30 years.

The cost of one tonne CO2 avoided 6The cost of one tonne CO2 avoided 666 €€, from which , from which 96.5% is 96.5% is oxyfuel oxyfuel capture (49capture (49 €€) and compression costs (12) and compression costs (12 €€). ).

The total cost for transport (800 km) is 75 MThe total cost for transport (800 km) is 75 M€€. .

The transport cost of one tonne CO2 avoided is 1.The transport cost of one tonne CO2 avoided is 1.99 €€..

Storage cost for two sites together 14 MStorage cost for two sites together 14 M€€, of one tonne CO2 avoided is , of one tonne CO2 avoided is 0.35 Euro. 0.35 Euro.

For the present costs of CO2 the project is noneconomic.For the present costs of CO2 the project is noneconomic.

EstonianEstonian--Latvian sourceLatvian source--transporttransport--sink sink scenarioscenario –– ways to decrease costsways to decrease costs

One power plant working for full capacity instead of two One power plant working for full capacity instead of two working partlyworking partly

Instead of oxyfuel capture technology Instead of oxyfuel capture technology –– apply postapply post--combustion (the cheapest one)combustion (the cheapest one)

To find alternative (larger) storage site which will be To find alternative (larger) storage site which will be enough for 30 years of storage (capacity of at least 250 enough for 30 years of storage (capacity of at least 250 --300 Mt).300 Mt).

New geophysical and geological exploration is needed. New geophysical and geological exploration is needed. Possibilities could be available at the south Baltic Sea.Possibilities could be available at the south Baltic Sea.

General ConclusionsGeneral ConclusionsDue to the utilization of oil shale for energy production, CODue to the utilization of oil shale for energy production, CO22emissions produced by the two largest Estonian power plants emissions produced by the two largest Estonian power plants exceed the volume of COexceed the volume of CO22 produced by all Lithuanian and produced by all Lithuanian and Latvian stationary sources. Latvian stationary sources.

The Baltic countries are situated within the Baltic sedimentary The Baltic countries are situated within the Baltic sedimentary basin. basin. OOnly Latvia has structural traps large enough to store nly Latvia has structural traps large enough to store the industrial COthe industrial CO22 emissions. The capacity of 1emissions. The capacity of 166 large uplifts large uplifts exceeding exceeding 4400 Mt is sufficient to hold Latvian CO00 Mt is sufficient to hold Latvian CO22 stationary stationary emissions during 200 years of production. emissions during 200 years of production.

ConclusionsConclusionsThere is a considerable uncertainty in planning the future energThere is a considerable uncertainty in planning the future energy policy in y policy in the Baltic countries. the Baltic countries.

In 2009 the main Estonian Energy company Eesti Energia ordered fIn 2009 the main Estonian Energy company Eesti Energia ordered from rom IGTUT research IGTUT research ““CO2 geological storage in Estonia andCO2 geological storage in Estonia and neighbouringneighbouringregions: analysis of options and storage recommendationsregions: analysis of options and storage recommendations””. Research was . Research was based on EU CCS durective and EU GeiCapacity project.based on EU CCS durective and EU GeiCapacity project.

Research was finished and presentation was made at the headquateResearch was finished and presentation was made at the headquaters of rs of Eesti Energia on 11 October 2009.Eesti Energia on 11 October 2009.

Because of the economical crisis and low CO2 costs Eesti EnergiaBecause of the economical crisis and low CO2 costs Eesti Energia changed changed their previous plans in Julytheir previous plans in July 20092009. They decided to reconstruct old Power . They decided to reconstruct old Power StaStattions insteions insteaad of building new ones and to construct Nuclear Power d of building new ones and to construct Nuclear Power Station in 15 years.Station in 15 years.

At the present time the political decision about construction ofAt the present time the political decision about construction of new capture new capture ready Power stations should be taken by government of Estonia.ready Power stations should be taken by government of Estonia.

Some conclusion from research Some conclusion from research ““CO2 geological storage in Estonia andCO2 geological storage in Estonia and neighbouringneighbouring

regions: analysis of options and storage regions: analysis of options and storage recommendationsrecommendations”” made for Eesti Energia companymade for Eesti Energia company

Situation with CO2 storage capacity in the Baltic Region and ScaSituation with CO2 storage capacity in the Baltic Region and Scandinavia shows ndinavia shows that the closest for Estonia option for CO2 storage onshore is athat the closest for Estonia option for CO2 storage onshore is available in Latvia vailable in Latvia and most probable in the NW Russia (SE Novgorod Region and furthand most probable in the NW Russia (SE Novgorod Region and further to South er to South and East).and East).

The structures of Latvia could be too small for 30 years of storThe structures of Latvia could be too small for 30 years of storage of Estonian age of Estonian CO2, while size of the Russian structures is not yet estimated, CO2, while size of the Russian structures is not yet estimated, but expected to be but expected to be large enough. large enough.

Only the largest structures in Latvia could be taken into considOnly the largest structures in Latvia could be taken into consideration. After eration. After additional geophysical and geological studies the size of some Ladditional geophysical and geological studies the size of some Latvian structures atvian structures could be recould be re--estimated to the greater size. estimated to the greater size.

The capacity of the structures offshore Norway are big enough foThe capacity of the structures offshore Norway are big enough for storage of CO2 r storage of CO2 from the other countriesfrom the other countries.. The negative aspect could be a large distance The negative aspect could be a large distance ((23002300--3000 3000 km) km) and a high cost of transportation by ships.and a high cost of transportation by ships.

Very prospective is cooperation with Russia in the field of EnhaVery prospective is cooperation with Russia in the field of Enhanced Oil Recovery. nced Oil Recovery. The capacity is big enough in the NW Russia excluding KaliningraThe capacity is big enough in the NW Russia excluding Kaliningrad Region. EOR d Region. EOR is the most economic option both for Estonia and Russiais the most economic option both for Estonia and Russia

Publication of GeoCapacity results Publication of GeoCapacity results 20092009

Shogenova, A., Sliaupa, S., Shogenov, K., Sliaupiene, R., PomeraShogenova, A., Sliaupa, S., Shogenov, K., Sliaupiene, R., Pomeranceva, R., Uibu, M. and nceva, R., Uibu, M. and Kuusik, R. 2009. Possibilities for geological storage and mineraKuusik, R. 2009. Possibilities for geological storage and mineral trapping of industrial l trapping of industrial CO2 emissions in the Baltic region . Elsevier, The Netherlands. CO2 emissions in the Baltic region . Elsevier, The Netherlands. Energy ProcediaEnergy Procedia 1(1), 1(1), 27532753--2760. 2760.

Shogenova, A., Sliaupa, S., Shogenov, K., Sliaupiene, R., PomeraShogenova, A., Sliaupa, S., Shogenov, K., Sliaupiene, R., Pomeranceva, R., Vaher, R., nceva, R., Vaher, R., Uibu, M. & Kuusik, R. 2009. Challenges and Possible Solutions inUibu, M. & Kuusik, R. 2009. Challenges and Possible Solutions in the Baltic Region after the Baltic Region after Legislation of EU CCS Directive. 5th Congress of Balkan GeophysiLegislation of EU CCS Directive. 5th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society/ cal Society/ Geophysics at the CrossGeophysics at the Cross--roads. Extended Abstracts, CD. EAGE, The Netherlands. 1roads. Extended Abstracts, CD. EAGE, The Netherlands. 1--6. 6.

Shogenova, A., Sliaupa, S., Vaher, R., Shogenov, K., PomerancevaShogenova, A., Sliaupa, S., Vaher, R., Shogenov, K., Pomeranceva, R. 2009. The Baltic , R. 2009. The Baltic Basin: structure, properties of reservoir rocks and capacity forBasin: structure, properties of reservoir rocks and capacity for geological storage of geological storage of CO2. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn . CO2. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn . Estonian Journal of Earth SciencesEstonian Journal of Earth Sciences 58(4), 58(4), xxxx--xx. xx.

Sliaupa, S., Lojka, R.,TasSliaupa, S., Lojka, R.,Tasááryovryováá, Z., Kolejka, V., Hladik, V., Kotulova, J., Kucharic, L., , Z., Kolejka, V., Hladik, V., Kotulova, J., Kucharic, L., Fejdi, V., WFejdi, V., Wóójcicki, A., Tarkowski, R., Uliaszjcicki, A., Tarkowski, R., Uliasz--Misiak, B., Sliaupiene, R., Brikmane, B., Misiak, B., Sliaupiene, R., Brikmane, B., Pomeranceva, R., Sadrina, T. & Shogenova, A. 2009. Capacity for Pomeranceva, R., Sadrina, T. & Shogenova, A. 2009. Capacity for Geological Storage of Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Central Europe: Slovakia, Czech Republic, PolaCarbon Dioxide in Central Europe: Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia nd, Lithuania, Latvia and Estoniaand Estonia.. 5th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society/ Geophysics at the C5th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society/ Geophysics at the Crossross--roads. Extended Abstracts, CD. EAGE, The Netherlands. 1roads. Extended Abstracts, CD. EAGE, The Netherlands. 1--9.9.

Shogenova, A., Shogenov, K., Pomeranceva, R., Neele, F. & HendriShogenova, A., Shogenov, K., Pomeranceva, R., Neele, F. & Hendriks, C. 2009. ks, C. 2009. CAPTURECAPTURE––TRANSPORTTRANSPORT––STORAGE SCENARIO OF CO2 EMISSIONS PRODUCED BY STORAGE SCENARIO OF CO2 EMISSIONS PRODUCED BY OILOIL--SHALESHALE--BASED ENERGY INDUSTRY OF ESTONIA. International Oil Shale BASED ENERGY INDUSTRY OF ESTONIA. International Oil Shale Symposium, June 2009, ABSTRACTS. Tallinn. 1p. Symposium, June 2009, ABSTRACTS. Tallinn. 1p.

Publication of GeoCapacity results in Publication of GeoCapacity results in 20082008

Shogenova, A., Sliaupa S., Shogenov,K., Sliaupiene R., PomeranceShogenova, A., Sliaupa S., Shogenov,K., Sliaupiene R., Pomeranceva, R., va, R., Uibu, M. and Kuusik, R. 2008. CO2 geological storage and mineralUibu, M. and Kuusik, R. 2008. CO2 geological storage and mineraltrapping potential in the Baltic region. Dionyz Stur Publishers,trapping potential in the Baltic region. Dionyz Stur Publishers, Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia. Slovakia. Slovak Geological MagazineSlovak Geological Magazine 55--14. 14.

Shogenova, A., Sliaupa, S., Shogenov, K., Sliaupiene, R., PomeraShogenova, A., Sliaupa, S., Shogenov, K., Sliaupiene, R., Pomeranceva, nceva, R., Uibu, M. and Kuusik, R. 2008. Geological storage and mineralR., Uibu, M. and Kuusik, R. 2008. Geological storage and mineral trapping trapping of industrial CO2 emissions of industrial CO2 emissions -- prospects in the Baltic Region. First CO2 prospects in the Baltic Region. First CO2 Geological Storage Workshop, 29Geological Storage Workshop, 29--30 September 2008, Budapest. 30 September 2008, Budapest. Hungary, Extended Abstracts. EAGE, Houten,The Netherlands. A04, Hungary, Extended Abstracts. EAGE, Houten,The Netherlands. A04, 2525--30. 30.

Shogenova, A., Sliaupa, S., Shogenov, K., Sliaupiene, R., ZabeleShogenova, A., Sliaupa, S., Shogenov, K., Sliaupiene, R., Zabele, A. and , A. and Vaher, A. 2008. Carbon dioxide geological storage potential of tVaher, A. 2008. Carbon dioxide geological storage potential of the Baltic he Baltic sedimentary basin. In: 3rd Saint Petersburg International Confersedimentary basin. In: 3rd Saint Petersburg International Conference & ence & Exhibition, 7Exhibition, 7--10 April 2008, Extended Abstracts & Exhibitors` Catalogue. 10 April 2008, Extended Abstracts & Exhibitors` Catalogue. EAGE, Houten, The Netherlands. P132, 1EAGE, Houten, The Netherlands. P132, 1--5. 5.

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