COUNTRY PROFILE...Of those convicted, six people were convicted of trafficking for sexual...

2020

GLOBAL REPORT ON TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS

COUNTRY PROFILE East Asia and the Pacific

2

Table of Contents – Australia – ................................................................................................................................................... 3

− Brunei Darussalam − .................................................................................................................................. 5

– Cambodia – ................................................................................................................................................. 6

– China – ........................................................................................................................................................ 7

– Indonesia – ............................................................................................................................................... 12

− Japan − ...................................................................................................................................................... 15

– Malaysia – ................................................................................................................................................. 18

– Mongolia – ................................................................................................................................................ 22

− Myanmar − ............................................................................................................................................... 25

– New Zealand – .......................................................................................................................................... 30

− The Republic of Korea − ........................................................................................................................... 32

– Singapore – ............................................................................................................................................... 34

− Thailand − ................................................................................................................................................. 36

– The Pacific Islands – .................................................................................................................................. 41

– The Philippines – ...................................................................................................................................... 44

− Timor-Leste − ............................................................................................................................................ 48

3

– Australia – The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Australia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Between 2017 and 2019, the Australian Government received and investigated 558 allegations of trafficking in persons crimes. In the same period, prosecution against 17 individuals were initiated and eight individuals were convicted. Of those convicted, six people were convicted of trafficking for sexual exploitation (2 convictions) and for the purpose of domestic servitude (4 convictions), while two convictions were of trafficking-related crimes.

Source: Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions and Australian Federal Police. Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected by sex and age, 2014 – 2018*

Source: Australian Red Cross.

* Due to privacy reasons, figures under five have been omitted. Figures include suspected victims.

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Men 5 8 0 0 17

Women 26 17 25 25 42

Minors 3 10 10 9 16

4

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by type of exploitation, 2017 – 2018 *

Source: Australian Red Cross.

* Due to privacy reasons, figures under five have been omitted. Figures include suspected victims.

Most reported countries of nationalities of identified victims of trafficking in persons, 2014 – 2019

Source: Australian Red Cross

* Due to privacy reasons, figures under five have been omitted. Nationalities of less than 5 have been pooled in the ‘Other’ category. Figures include suspected victims.

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Trafficking out of Australia 0 0 5 6 7

Forced marriage 0 14 14 15 33

Labour exploitation 15 17 14 13 29

Sexual exploitation 16 0 0 0 6

60

32

23 23

1715 15

11 119 8 7 7 7 6 6

5

− Brunei Darussalam − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Brunei Darussalam was adopted in 2004 and covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. However, Brunei Darussalam is not a party to the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects According to the national authorities of Brunei Darussalam, one case of trafficking in persons was reported in 2016. Between 2017 and 2019, no cases of trafficking in persons were registered. In the period between 2016 and 2019, one person was brought into formal contact with the police and/or criminal justice system because he has been suspected of, arrested for or cautioned for trafficking in persons in 2017. In 2016, the national authorities commenced prosecution against two male and one female defendants. In the same year, three persons were convicted of trafficking in persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation, of which two were males and one was female. All the persons convicted of trafficking were from Thailand. Between 2017 and 2019, no prosecutions and convictions were reported.

Source: Human Trafficking Investigation Unit, Criminal Investigation Department and Royal Brunei Police Force. Victims The investigation authorities reported that between 2016 and 2019, one girl was identified as victim of child trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation in 2016. Additionally, in 2017, one adult victim was identified as victim of domestic trafficking. Those identified as victims of trafficking in persons in 2016 and 2017, were respectively citizens of Thailand and Brunei Darussalam.

Source: Human Trafficking Investigation Unit, Criminal Investigation Department and Royal Brunei Police Force.

6

– Cambodia – The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Cambodia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Trafficking in persons is defined and prosecuted in the Cambodian' law on Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation, introduced in 2008.

Investigations and suspects The National Committee for Counter Trafficking (NCCT), reported that the Phnom Penh Municipal Court convicted 125 persons for trafficking in persons in 2018 and 129 persons in 2017. Victims

Number of victims properly identified, referred and provided with assistance, 2014 – 2017

Source: National Plan of Action 2014 – 2018, National Committee for Counter Trafficking in Persons,

Mid Term Review Report.

412

295 298

2014 2015 2016

7

– China – The People’s Republic of China criminalizes trafficking in persons under Articles 240 (abducting and trafficking of women or children), 241 (purchase of women and children), 242(2) (obstruction of rescuing victims), 262 (abduction of children under 14), 358 (forced prostitution), and 359 (harbouring prostitution or seducing others into prostitution) of the Criminal Law. Investigations and suspects

Number of cases closed and sentences enforced, 2017 – 2018 (Tot=2.321)

Source: The Government of the People ‘s Republic of China.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2017 – 2018 (Tot=4.248)

Source: The Government of the People ‘s Republic of China. Taiwan Province of China

Trafficking in women and children, 1310,

56%

Purchase of trafficked women and children,

195, 8%

Forced prostitution, 739, 32%

Forced labour, 65, 3%Organized sale of

human organs, 12, 1%

Trafficking in women and

children 2362, 55%

Purchase of trafficked women

and children, 1260, 30%

Forced prostitution, 514,

12%

Forced labour, 86, 2%

Organized sale of human organs, 26,

1%

8

Judicial police agencies uncovered 145 cases of trafficking in persons in 2017. Among them, 108 were cases of sexual exploitation and 37 of labour exploitation. In 87 convicted TiP cases, 248 individuals were prosecuted. In 2017, 208 newly identified foreign victims were placed in shelters, among them 45 were returned to their home countries, and 155 received work permits. Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2008 – 2017

Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China.

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2008 – 2017


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Sexual exploitation 59 42 26 53 62 82 87 97 94 108

Forced labour 40 46 77 73 86 84 51 44 40 37

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Sexual exploitation 452 233 346 259 408 103 153 127 132 182

Forced labour 106 102 110 179 57 246 52 25 45 66

9

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2008 – 2017


Victims

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by sex, 2009 – 2017


287

376

300

174

300270

175 163 162

62

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Females 258 258 229 396 319 240 122 87 146

Males 71 66 90 66 47 52 64 69 62

10

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2009 – 2017


Number of detected female victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2009 – 2017


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Forced labour 244 279 263 310 245 206 122 116 135

Sexual exploitation 85 45 56 152 121 86 64 40 61

Mixed sexual and labourexploitation

12

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Forced labour 173 218 173 244 198 154 58 52 82

Sexual explotation 85 40 56 152 121 86 64 35 52

Mixed sexual and labourexploitation

12

11

Number of detected male victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2009 – 2017


Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by country and territories of origin, 2016 – 2017 (Tot = 365)


2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Forced labour 71 61 90 66 57 52 64 64 53

Sexual explotation 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 9

Thailand, 55, 30%

The Philippines, 64, 36%

Vietnam, 50, 28%

Others, 11, 6%

12

– Indonesia – The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Indonesia, Law No. 21 on Combating the Crime of Trafficking in Persons of 2007, covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons recorded, 2016 – July 2019

Source: Indonesia National Police.

Number of cases of trafficking in persons reported, by type of exploitation, 2016-2019

Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection.

110

123

95

42

2016 2017 2018 Jan-July 2019

2016 2017 2018 Jan-July 2019

Illegal adoption 2 1 2 0

Removal of organs 1 0 0 0

Forced labour 47 44 55 36

Sexual exploitation 60 78 38 6

13

Number of persons brought into formal contact with the police and/or criminal justice system because they have been suspected of, arrested for or cautioned for trafficking in

persons, 2016 – July 2019


The Attorney General’s Office reported that 21 persons were prosecuted for trafficking in persons in 2016 and 25 in 2017.

Source: The Attorney General’s Office.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons by sex, 2016 – 2017

Source: The Attorney General’s Office and The Supreme Court.

Between 2016 and 2019, The Supreme Court reported that the majority of those convicted of trafficking in persons were of Indonesian nationality (581). The remaining persons convicted of trafficking were citizens of Malaysia (2), China (2) and Ethiopia (2).

Source: The Supreme Court of Indonesia.

165 164

130

12

2016 2017 2018 Jan-July 2019

2016 2017

Females 78 125

Males 178 205

14

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by sex and age, 2016 – July 2019


Number of Indonesian victims of trafficking in persons repatriated from other countries, 2016 – July 2019

Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

In 2018, The Ministry of Internal Affairs reported that Indonesian victims of trafficking were repatriated from the Middle East (74), South East Asia (47), Africa (39) and North and Central America (1). As of July 2019, identified Indonesian victims were repatriated from Saudi Arabia (17), Malaysia (4), Oman (2), and Singapore (1).

Source: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

2016 2017 2018 Jan- July 2019

Girls 67 89 18 11

Boys 0 1 10 0

Women 184 1350 190 45

Men 81 11 79 3

619

366

162

24

2016 2017 2018 Jan-July 2019

15

− Japan − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Japan covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects In 2014, 32 cases of trafficking in persons were recorded by national authorities. In 2015 and 2016, 44 cases were recorded each year.

Source: National Police Agency.

Number of persons brought into formal contact with the police and/or criminal justice system because they have been identified as an offender and treated as a suspect,

by sex, 2014 – 2016

Source: National Police Agency.

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by sex**, 2014 – 2016

Source: Ministry of Justice.

**This data includes persons who were prosecuted under the Penal Code and under other laws such as the Prostitution

Prevention Law and Employment Security Act.

2014 2015 2016

Females 14 14 9

Males 19 28 37

2014 2015 2016

Females 10 7 9

Males 17 19 34

16

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by sex, 2014 – 2016

Source: Ministry of Justice.

The majority of persons convicted of trafficking in persons were nationals of Japan. Others convicted were from Thailand, the Philippines, China, and Brazil.

Source: Ministry of Justice. Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by age and sex,2017-2018

Source: National Authorities of Japan.

2014 2015 2016

Females 9 6 7

Males 17 19 28

2017 2018

Boys 1 1

Girls 6 4

Men 0 0

Women 39 22

17

Number of victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2017-2018

Source: National Authorities of Japan.

Countries of citizenship of identified victims of trafficking in persons, 2014-2017 (Tot=129)

Source: National Police Agency, Ministry of Justice.

2017 2018

Others 12 4

Forced labour, slavery and servitude 3 2

Sexual exploitation 31 21

Japan domestic trafficking, 50

Philippines, 48

Thailand, 20

Cambodia, 7

Other, 4

18

– Malaysia – The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Malaysia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons and related offences recorded, 2016 – 2018

Source: National Strategic Office, Council for Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-smuggling of Migrants.

Number of persons prosecuted of trafficking in persons and related offences, by sex and age, 2016 – 2018


425

340

59

2016 2017 2018

2016 2017 2018

Females 32 37 25

Males 111 75 32

19

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons and related offences, 2015-2018


Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons and related offences, by form of exploitation, 2017 – 2018


2015 2016 2017 2018

Females 0 10 13 17

Males 6 24 29 30

2017 2018

Illegal activity 1

Forced labour 5 9


20

Countries of citizenships of persons convicted of trafficking in persons and related offences, 2017 – 2018 (Tot= 89)


Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons and related offences detected, by age and sex, 2014 – 2018


Malaysia, 69, 78%

India, 8, 9%

Others, 12, 13%

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Boys 0 4 4 19 11

Girls 19 19 20 56 7

Men 8 1 83 204 29

Women 276 281 569 840 67

21

Number of victims of trafficking in persons and related offences detected, by form of exploitation, sex and age, 2017 – 2018


Countries of citizenships of identified victims of trafficking in persons and related offences, 2017 – 2018

Tot= 1233


Sexual exploitation Forced Labour Sexual exploitation Forced labour

2017 2018

Minors 23 52 5 13

Adults 695 349 40 56

Vietnam, 320, 26%

Indonesia, 233, 19%

Thailand, 151, 12%

China, 113, 9%

Myanmar, 105, 8%

Philippines, 88, 7%

Malaysia, 54, 4%

India, 50, 4%

Cambodia, 45, 4%

Bangladesh , 22, 2%

Unknown, 19, 2%Others , 33, 3%

22

– Mongolia – The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Mongolia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons recorded, 2014 – 2018

Source: The National Police Agency of Mongolia.


persons, 2014 – 2018


9

14

27

10 11

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Females 10 17 26 36 6

Males 10 6 5 8 26

23

Number of persons prosecuted of trafficking in persons, by sex, 2017-2018


According to the National Police Agency of Mongolia, three persons were convicted of trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation in 2017, of which two were females and one was male. In 2018 one man was convicted of the same offence. Those convicted of trafficking in persons were all citizens of Mongolia. Victims

Number of victims of trafficking detected, by age and sex, 2014 – 2018


2017 2018

Females 24 3

Males 2 13

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Boys 0 0 0 0 0

Girls 5 5 6 8 16

Men 0 0 0 0 0

Women 24 20 54 38 10

24

Number of victims of sexual exploitation detected, 2014 – 2018*


*The National Police Agency of Mongolia reported that the victims identified between 2014 and 2018, were all trafficked

for the purpose of sexual exploitation.

Number of Mongolian citizens identified as victims of trafficking in persons, by type of

trafficking, 2014 – 2018


Countries from which identified victims were repatriated, 2017 – 2018 (Tot= 30)


2925

60

46

2014 2015 2016 2017

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Citizens of Mongoliadomestically trafficked

14 7 43 30 10

Citizens of Mongolia repatriatedfrom other countries

15 18 17 16 16

China, 21, 70%

Others, 9, 30%

25

− Myanmar − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Myanmar covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of cases in trafficking in persons recorded, 2017– 2018

Source: Anti Trafficking in Persons Division.


persons, 2017 – 2018


The Anti Trafficking in Persons Division reported that in 2017 and 2018, 718 offenders were arrested for trafficking in persons.


225206

2017 2018

2017 2018

Females 440 411

Males 226 191

26

Number of persons prosecuted of trafficking in persons, by sex, 2017 – 2018


Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2017 – 2018


The Anti Trafficking in Persons Division reported that between 2017 and 2018, concurrently with the crime of trafficking in persons, a conviction for money laundering was sought.


2017 2018

Women 426 358

Men 220 157

2017 2018

Females 311 180

Males 147 75

27

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2017 – 2018


Citizenships of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2017 – 2018


2017 2018

Illegal adoption 4 1

Child soldier 4 0

Forced labour 49 11


Myanmar, 706, 99%

China , 7, 1%

28

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking detected, by age and sex, 2017 – 2018


Number of victims of trafficking detected, by form of exploitation, 2017


During the reporting period, all victims of trafficking in persons identified by the state authorities were citizens of Myanmar.


2017 2018

Boys 12 4

Girls 33 36

Men 56 34

Women 252 243

265

75

10 3

Sexual exploitation Forced Labour Child soldier Illegal Adoption

29

Number of Myanmar nationals identified as victims of trafficking in persons, by type of trafficking, 2017 – 2018


Countries from where identified Myanmar victims were repatriated, 2017 – 2018


2017 2018

Myanmar nationals domesticallytrafficked

83 53

Myanmar nationals repatriatedfrom other countries

270 264

8353

270 264

China, 513, 96%

Thailand, 20, 4% Others, 1, 0%

30

– New Zealand – The current legislation on trafficking in persons in New Zealand, section 98D of the Crimes Act 1961, covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of charges of trafficking in persons reported, 2016– 2019

Source: Immigration New Zealand – Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.

Between 2016 and 2019, four persons (three males and one female) were arrested and prosecuted for trafficking in persons. As shown in the graph above, a total of 30 charges for trafficking in persons were laid against these four individuals. In 2016, a New Zealand resident and Fijian citizen was convicted of 15 counts of trafficking in persons for the purpose of forced labour, in concurrence with other charges. In 2017, a New Zealand citizen couple were each charged with two counts of trafficking in persons for the purpose of forced labour (four total charges). In 2019, they were acquitted of the trafficking charges but convicted of 18 exploitation charges in total, in concurrence with other immigration-related offences. In 2018, a New Zealand permanent resident and Samoan citizen was charged with 8 counts of trafficking in persons for the purpose of forced labour, along with 10 slavery charges. An additional three trafficking in persons charges and three slavery charges were laid in 2019. In 2020, he was convicted of 10 counts of trafficking in persons (acquitted of one charge) and of 13 counts of slavery.


15

4

8

3

2016 2017 2018 2019

31

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons, by sex and age, 2016 – 2019


Between 2016 and 2019, there were 33 victims of trafficking in persons identified by government authorities. Among them, 31 were trafficked for the purpose of forced labour, and two of the victims identified were trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation.


Countries of citizenship of identified victims of trafficking in persons, 2016 – 2019


2016 2017 2018 2019

Minors 0 0 2 1

Women 3 0 0 0

Men 13 2 10 2

Fiji Islands, 16, 49%

Samoa, 13, 39%

Others, 4,12%

32

− The Republic of Korea − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Republic of Korea covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons and related crimes recorded, 2014 – July 2017

Source: Prosecution’s Statistics System.

Number of persons brought into formal contact with the police and/or criminal justice

system because they have been suspected of trafficking in persons and related crimes, by sex, 2014 – July 2017


490463

562

264

2014 2015 2016 Jan-Jul 2017

2014 2015 2016 Jan-Jul 2017

Females 166 172 172 60

Males 518 508 572 292

33

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons and related crimes, by sex, 2014 – July 2017


Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons and related crimes, by sex, 2014 – July 2017


2014 2015 2016 Jan-Jul 2017

Females 57 70 55 22

Males 263 277 287 112

2014 2015 2016 Jan-Jul 2017

Females 17 24 25 21

Males 86 86 102 82

34

– Singapore – The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Singapore, the Prevention of Human Trafficking Act of 2015, covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects


Source: Ministry of Manpower, Singapore Police Force.

Number of persons brought into formal contact with the police and/or criminal justice system because they were suspected of, arrested for or cautioned for trafficking in persons,

by sex, 2015 – 2018


The Ministry of Manpower and the Singapore Police Force reported that, between 2015 and 2018, 11 males and 2 females were prosecuted of trafficking in persons.

Source: Ministry of Manpower and Singapore Police Force.

23 23

23

2015 2016 2017 2018

2015 2016 2017 2018

Females 1 1 3 2

Males 5 3 9 4

35

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by age and sex, 2015 – 2018


Number of victims of trafficking detected, by form of exploitation, 2015 - 2018


Of those identified as victims of trafficking in persons in 2018, one victim was domestically trafficked.


2015 2016 2017 2018

Boys 1 0 0 1

Girls 4 0 0 0

Men 0 0 0 0

Women 7 17 0 1

2015 2016 2017 2018

Involuntary servitude 7 16 0 0

Sexual exploitation 15 1 0 2

36

− Thailand − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Thailand covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects


Source: Royal Thai Police and The Office of the Attorney General.


persons, by sex, 2017 – 2018

Source: The Office of Attorney General.

280

317

333

296

310

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

2017 2018

Females 289 335

Males 173 272

37

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by sex, 2014 – 2018

Source: Royal Thai Police and the Office of Attorney General.

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by sex, 2017 – 2018

Source: The Office of Attorney General.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by sex, 2014 – 2018

Source: Royal Thai Police and the Office of Attorney General.

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Females 225 318 335 268 280

Males 217 273 265 165 236

2017 2018

Women 268 280

Men 165 236

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Males 86 117 223 187 61

Females 145 234 258 180 87

38


Source: The Office of the Attorney General.

Citizenships of persons suspected of trafficking in persons, 2017 - 2018


2017 2018

Internet porn 2 3

Forced begging 12 0

Sexual exploitation in other forms 7 9

Slavery 48 3

Extortion 61 2

Forced labour 78 16

Prostitution 217 119


Thailand, 447, 87%

Myanmar, 18, 3%

Laos, 8, 2%

Cambodia, 15, 3%

Vietnam, 9, 2%

Other, 18, 3%

39

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by age and sex, 2014 – 2018

Source: Division of Anti-Trafficking in Persons – Ministry of Social Development and Human Security and the Office of

the Attorney General.

Number of victims of trafficking detected, by form of exploitation, 2017 – 2018


2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Boys 48 90 41 49 130

Girls 90 146 241 316 258

Men 140 201 249 43 154

Women 25 34 30 63 100

2017 2018

Slavery 0 24

Internet porn 11 15

Sexual exploitation in other forms 20 18

Forced begging 53 8

Extortion 0 91

Forced Labour 85 174

Prostitution 319 368


40

Citizenships of persons identified as victims of trafficking in persons by state authorities, 2017 – 2018 (Tot=1107)


Thailand, 681, 61%Myanmar, 263, 24%

Laos, 41, 4%

Cambodia, 59, 5%

Vietnam, 11, 1%Other, 52, 5%

41

– The Pacific Islands – This section covers the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, and Solomon Islands. The current legislations in the Cook Islands, Section 109 of the Crimes Amendment Act 2003-2007, and in Palau, the Anti-Smuggling and Trafficking Act of 2005, cover all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Despite lacking a dedicated legislation on human trafficking, the Republic of Nauru criminalizes slavery, slave trade and sexual exploitation of children under the Crimes Act 2016. In Solomon Islands, Article No.143 and No. 145 of the penal code and some provisions in the Immigration Act criminalize and prosecute trafficking in persons and child trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Investigations and suspects The national authorities of the Cook Islands, Nauru and Palau reported no investigations, prosecutions or convictions for trafficking in persons occurring between 2016 and 2019.

Source: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration of Cook Islands, The Judiciary Department of Nauru and The Judiciary Department of Palau.

Number of cases of trafficking in persons reported in the Solomon Islands, 2016 – 2019

Source: Solomon Islands Immigration Division.

5

10

15

7

2016 2017 2018 2019

42

Number of persons prosecuted and convicted in the Solomon Islands, 2016 – 2019


In the period between 2016 and 2019, all the persons convicted of trafficking in persons in Solomon Islands were males and were convicted of trafficking in persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation.


Countries of citizenships of persons convicted of trafficking in persons in the Solomon Islands, 2016 – 2019


3

6

4

2

3

4

3

2

2016 2017 2018 2019

ProsecutedConvicted

Malaysia, 8, 54%Indonesia, 5, 33%

Others, 2, 13%

43

Victims The national authorities of the Cook Islands, Nauru and Palau registered no victims of trafficking in persons in the period between 2016 and 2019.

Source: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration of Cook Islands, The Judiciary Department of Nauru and The Judiciary Department of Palau.

Number of victims of trafficking in persons in the Solomon Islands, 2016 – 2019*


*The Solomon Islands Immigration Division reported that all the victims identified between 2016 and 2019 were children

(girls) trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation. In the period between 2016 and 2019, the Solomon Islands Immigration Division reported that all the victims identified were citizens of Solomon Islands.


5

10

15

6

2016 2017 2018 2019

44

– The Philippines – The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Philippines, the Republic Act No. 9208 of 2003, covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons reported, 2016 – 2018

Source: Inter-Agency Council Against Trafficking.


persons, 2016 – 2018

Source: The Philippines National Police and National Bureau of Investigations.

216

137

180

2016 2017 2018

533

430

1118

2016 2017 2018

45

Number of persons prosecuted of trafficking in persons, by sex, 2016 – 2018


Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons by sex, 2016 – 2018


2016 2017 2018

Females 208 144 173

Males 309 147 174

2016 2017 2018

Females 28 30 52

Males 27 29 43

46



Countries of citizenships of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2016 – 2018


2016 2017 2018

Cyber sex and pornography 4 8 31

Forced labour 0 1 3

Sexual exploitation 51 50 61

Philippines, 195, 93%

United States of America, 5,

3%Others, 9, 4%

47

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by age, 2016 – 2018

Source: Narrative Report Program for Trafficked People and The Department of Social Welfare and Development.

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by form of exploitation, 2016 – 2018

Source: Narrative Report Program for Trafficked People and The Department of Social Welfare and Development.

2016 2017 2018

Minors 258 439 611

Adults 1455 1440 1707

2016 2017 2018

Illegal recruitment 530 342 295

Involuntary servitude 35 0 0

Removal of organs 55 7 1

Forced labour 193 578 507

Pornography 62 175 230

Prostitution 209 197 289

Sexual exploitation 194 238 391

48

− Timor-Leste − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Timor Leste covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. The Criminal Code cominalises trafficking in persons under Articles 163, 164, and 165. Investigations and suspects In 2015, five cases of trafficking in persons were recorded, and in 2016 and 2017, three cases were recorded each year. In 2015 and 2017, two persons per year were brought into formal contact with the police and/or the criminal justice system for either being suspected, cautioned, or arrested for trafficking in persons. In total, prosecution for trafficking in persons was commenced against two persons in 2015 and one person in 2016. In 2017, two female and one male offenders were prosecuted. Between 2015 and 2017, one person was convicted of trafficking in persons each year.

Source: Police Scientific Criminal Investigation. Victims In the period between 2015 and 2017, around 40 female victims of trafficking in persons were identified by state authorities. Most were identified as victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation. All the victims of trafficking in persons identified in the period between 2015 and 2017 originated from Asia.

Source: Police Scientific Criminal Investigation.

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