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![Page 1: Cotton Production Workshop A. Stanley Culpepper. Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate 3. Managing weeds.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2a5503460f94c45027/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cotton Production Workshop
A. Stanley Culpepper
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Breakout Session Objectives1. New labels or uses
2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate
3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton
4. Glyphosate/tank mixes
5. Replacing Bladex
6. Cadre carryover
7. DNA application timing in strip-till
8. Layby applications in liquid N
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New Labels or Uses 1. Paraquat formulations:
Boa (2.5 lb ai) Gramoxone Extra (2.5 lb ai)Gramoxone Max (3.0 lb ai)
2. Glyphosate formulations:
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Glyphosate Formulations* Acquire
Credit
DuPont Glyphosate
Gly-Flo
Glyfos
Glyfos X-TRA
Glyphomax
Glyphomax Plus
Glyphosate Original
Rattler
Roundup D-Pak
Roundup Original
Roundup Ultra
Roundup UltraDry
Roundup UltraMax
Touchdown
*Products in orange may be applied overtop of RR cotton according to label.
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Roundup Ready Cotton Tolerance to Roundup, Touchdown, and Touchdown 5. Clayton, NC. 2000.*
Roundup Ultra 0 0
Touchdown 0 0
Touchdown 5 39 63
% injury
1 application 2 applications
*Glyphosate applied at 1 lb ai/A. ACY
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Roundup Ultra 84
Roundup + Harvade 92
Roundup + Harvade + COC 99
Harvade + MSMA + COC 99
Smallflower
morningglory
Morningglory Control in RR Cotton by Harvade Mixtures. Attapulgus, GA. 2000.*
*Roundup Ultra 2 pt/A; Harvade 6 oz/A when mixed with RU and 10 oz/A when mixed with MSMA; MSMA 2.67 pt/A
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Breakout Session Objectives1. New labels or uses
2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate
![Page 8: Cotton Production Workshop A. Stanley Culpepper. Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate 3. Managing weeds.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2a5503460f94c45027/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
RR Cotton Stacked Cotton RR-Tolerant
Transgenic Cotton Acreage in Georgia
32 32
64%
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400
600
800
1000
1200
No RU 3 lf 3,6 lf 3,6,9 lf
Lint Cotton Yields in RR Cotton when Treated Topically with Glyphosate at Various Growth Stages
1) Ten plants per plot were hand harvested on October 10, 1999 in Moultrie, GA.
2) Roundup Ultra applied at 1 qt/A broadcast over-the-top. Conventional plots treated with standard herbicide system.
a a a
b
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Glyphosate Overtop After 4th Leaf Stage
Can cause boll shed, delay maturity
Salvage treatment only
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Is Stem Absorption of Glyphosate Directed in RR Cotton a Concern?
No noted concerns with precision applications in field trials
Lab data from North Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi?
What about sloppy directed applications?
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0
150
300
450
600
750
900
Cotton Yield After Various Glyphosate Applications. Moultrie, 2000.*
*Glyphosate applied at 1.0 lb ai/A. PD = precision directed at cotyledons; SD = sloppy directed 33 to 40% up the plant. Standard system = Prowl + Cotoran fb Staple fb Caparol + MSMA.
LSD = 55
Lin
t yie
ld (
Lb/
A)
Standard system
Topical 1- & 4-lf
Topical 4-lf PD 8- & 12-lf
Topical 4-lf SD 8- & 12-lf
a a a
bb
Topical 1-, 4-, & 12-lf
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Directing Glyphosate in RR Cotton?
Precision PD or hooded sprayers
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Directing Glyphosate in RR Cotton?
Precision PD or hooded sprayers
Direct spray to the base of the cotton plants
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Directing Glyphosate in RR Cotton?
Precision PD or hooded sprayers
Direct spray to the base of the cotton plants
Contact of spray with cotton leaves should be avoided to the maximum extent possible
![Page 17: Cotton Production Workshop A. Stanley Culpepper. Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate 3. Managing weeds.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2a5503460f94c45027/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
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Directing Glyphosate in RR Cotton?
Precision PD or hooded sprayers
Direct spray to the base of the cotton plants
Contact of spray with cotton leaves should be avoided to the maximum extent possible
Place nozzles in low position directing a horizontal spray pattern under the cotton leaves to contact weeds in the row
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Precision and Sloppy Applied Glyphosate
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Precision and Sloppy Applied Glyphosate
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Breakout Session Objectives1. New labels or uses
2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate
3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton
![Page 28: Cotton Production Workshop A. Stanley Culpepper. Breakout Session Objectives 1. New labels or uses 2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate 3. Managing weeds.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2a5503460f94c45027/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
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Cutleaf Eveningprimrose Response to Burndown Herbicides
Treatment Rating
Gramoxone F
Gramoxone + Direx G
Glyphosate F
Glyphosate + Direx G
Glyphosate + Harmony Extra F-G
Glyphosate + Clarity G
Glyphosate + 2,4-D E
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20
40
60
80
100
2 inch5 inch8 inch
% c
ontr
olCutleaf Eveningprimrose Control by Glyphosate and 2,4-D. Tifton, 2000.*
*Roundup Ultra applied at 1 qt/A. Ratings 24 days after treatment.
glyphosate 2,4-D
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0
2.5
5
7.5
10
Glyphosate 2,4-D
2 inch5 inch8 inch
Gra
ms/
plot
Cutleaf Eveningprimrose Fresh Weights After Treating with Burndown Herbicides. Tifton, 2000.*
*Fresh weights taken from 12 plants per plot. Roundup Ultra applied at 2 pt/A and 2,4-D at 1 pt/A.
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2,4-D Burndown for Cotton(from fallow land section of labels)
No specific language concerning cotton
Do not plant any crop in treated fallow land until 3 months after treatment or until chemical has disappeared from soil
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Current Recommendations -- 2,4-D Burndown for Cotton
1 pt/acre Alone or mixed with glyphosate Applied 45 days before planting Research to date shows effectiveness
and crop safety
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Cotton Injury from 2.1 mls Per Acre of 2,4-D. Tifton, 2000.
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Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
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USE A DNA HERBICIDE
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Florida Pusley Control with Glyphosate and Glyphosate Tank Mixtures. Tifton, 2000.*
0
20
40
60
80
100
Glyphosate + 2,4-D + Direx + Caparol
% c
ontr
ol
87
bc
92
ab
99
a 81
bc
*Florida pusley 2 inches. Roundup UltraMAX applied at 1.25 pt; 2,4-D at 1 pt; Direx or Caparol at 1.5 pt.
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Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
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Controlling Yellow and Purple Nutsedge?
Nutsedge Control Programs: 1) 2 applications of glyphosate prior to 5th leaf followed by conventional chemistry including 2 lb ai MSMA directed
2) 1 application of glyphosate prior to 5th leaf followed by conventional chemistry including 2 lb ai MSMA directed
3) 2 applications of glyphosate
4) Zorial or Staple?????
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Yellow and Purple Nutsedge Control by Glyphosate. Greenhouse.
0
25
50
75
100
0.25 0.5 0.75 1
yellow purple
Glyphosate (lb)
*Purple nutsedge controlled significantly greater than yellow nutsedge.
42 42
81 7790
82
% c
ontr
ol
**
70
98
*
LSD=10
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Yellow and Purple Nutsedge Control by MSMA. Greenhouse.
0
25
50
75
100
0.5 1 2
yellow purple
MSMA (lb)
*Yellow nutsedge controlled significantly greater than purple nutsedge.
48 42
6149
8269
% c
ontr
ol
**
LSD=10
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Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
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Mid-Season Morningglory Control by Glyphosate & Glyphosate/Staple Mixtures. Moultrie, 2000.
Things to consider?1. Morningglory size at time of application (5 inches here).2. Will you post-direct with conventional chemistry or glyphosate?
Glyphosate 73 89
Glyphosate + Staple 93 97
Pitted Smallflower
morningglory morningglory
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Glyphosate/Staple Tank Mixtures
DuPont label allows tank mix of 1.5 pt of Roundup Ultra plus 0.6 oz of Staple per acre broadcast
DuPont’s Staple Plus
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50
60
70
80
90
100
Roundup + Bladex + Caparol + Direx + Valor
Smallflower Morningglory Control by Glyphosate Alone and Mixed with Residual Herbicides; Attapulgus, 2000.
% control
Smallflower mg 4 to 5 inches; irrigated environment
Roundup (2 pt/A), Bladex (1.5 pt/A), Caparol (1.5 pt/A), Direx (1.5 pt/A), Valor (2 oz/A)
a
ba a a
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Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
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Asiatic Dayflower Control by Glyphosate & Glyphosate/Staple Mixtures. Grady Co., 2000.*
0
20
40
60
80
100
% c
ontr
ol
*Dayflower 1 to 5 inches. Ratings 30 days after treatment. Roundup Ultra applied at 1.5 pt/A and Staple at 0.6 oz/A.
67
90
Glyphosate Glyphosate + Staple
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Asiatic Dayflower Control by Glyphosate Mixtures at Layby. Grady Co., 2000.*
0
20
40
60
80
100
Glyphosate +Caparol + Cobra +Direx +Harvade +Valor
% c
ontr
ol
LSD = 10
*Dayflower 1 to 5 inches. Ratings taken 30 days after directing in 8 to 10 inch cotton. Roundup Ultra, Caparol, and Direx applied at 1.5 pt/A. Cobra, Harvade, and Valor applied at 8 oz/A, 8 oz/A, and 2 oz/A, respectively.
6780
86 81 7685
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Asiatic Dayflower Control by Conventional Layby Herbicides. Grady Co., 2000.*
0
20
40
60
80
100
MSMA +Bladex +Caparol + Cobra +Cotoran +Direx +Harvade +Linex +Valor
% c
ontr
ol 8090 84 82 78 78
90
LSD = 9
91 85
*Dayflower 1 to 5 inches. Ratings taken 30 days after directing in 8 to 10 inch cotton. Bladex, Caparol, Cotoran, and Direx applied at 2 pt/A. Cobra, Harvade, Linex, MSMA, and Valor applied at 9.6 oz/A, 9 oz/A, 1.5 pt/A, 2.67 pt/A, and 2 oz/A, respectively.
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Weeds Difficult to Control by Glyphosate?
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Hemp Sesbania Control by Glyphosate. Tifton, 2000.*
0
20
40
60
80
100
% c
ontr
ol
*Roundup Ultra applied at 2 pt/A. Experiment conducted under center irrigation.
3 inches 7 inches
86
59
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Breakout Session Objectives1. New labels or uses
2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate
3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton
4. Glyphosate/tank mixes
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Glyphosate + Tank Mix Partner
1. Increase morningglory control
2. Increase dayflower control
3. Residual weed control
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Tank Mix Partners-Early Season
1. Staple
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RR Cotton Injury from Glyphosate/Staple Mixtures
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0
5
10
15
20
Staple Ultra + Staple
Original +Staple
DPXAA46
3 DAT
14 DAT
Cotton Injury from Glyphosate/Staple Combinations. Tifton, 2000.*
*Glyphosate applied at 0.75 lb ai/A. Staple applied at 0.6 oz/A. Cotton 4-leaf at time of application.
LSD = 4
% in
jury
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Tank Mix Partners-Early Season
1. Staple*
2. Dual Magnum
*Labeled tank mix with Roundup
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Dual PRE
Do Not Use Dual PRE on Georgia Soils
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Tank Mix Partners-Early Season
1. Staple*
2. Dual Magnum
3. MSMA
*Labeled tank mix with Roundup
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Tank Mix Partners-Late Season
1. Diuron* 6. Harvade*
2. Caparol 7. MSMA
3. Cyanazine* 8. Dual Magnum
4. Cotoran 9. Prowl*
5. Cobra
*Label supports tank mix with Roundup
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Tank Mix Partners Consider...
weed species and sizes, economics, cotton stage, environment??
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Tank Mix Partners Consider...
weed species and sizes, economics, cotton stage, environment??
DON’T FORGET ABOUT ANTAGONISM
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50
60
70
80
90
100
glyphosate + Bladex + Caparol + Direx + Valor
Texas Panicum Control by Glyphosate Alone and in Mixture with Residual Herbicides. Ponder Farm, 1999.
% control
Texas panicum 6 to 9 inches; fair to dry environment
Roundup (2 pt/A), Bladex (1.5 pt/A), Caparol (1.5 pt/A), Direx (1.5 pt/A), Valor (2 oz/A)
a
bab
a
b
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50
60
70
80
90
100
glyphosate + Bladex + Caparol + Direx + Valor
Palmer Amaranth Control by Glyphosate Alone and Mixed with Residual Herbicides. Attapulgus, 2000.
% control
Palmer amaranth 4 to 7 inches; irrigated environment
Roundup (2 pt/A), Bladex (1.5 pt/A), Caparol (1.5 pt/A), Direx (1.5 pt/A), Valor (2 oz/A)
aba
bb
ab
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Roundup Ultra (1 qt/A) + Caparol (1.5 pt/A)
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Glyphosate preferred for grasses and perennials
Otherwise, conventional chemistry preferred
1. Better morningglory and dayflower control
2. Residual weed control
3. Resistant management strategy
4. Avoid weed shifts
5. Reduce risk of boll shed
Should I Direct Glyphosate in RR Cotton?
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Breakout Session Objectives1. New labels or uses
2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate
3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton
4. Glyphosate/tank mixes
5. Replacing Bladex
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Manufacturing ceased in 1999
Availability in 2001: 0, 40, 50?????
Bladex label:
May not be sold or distributed after Sept. 30, 2002.
May not be used after December 31, 2002.
Do not apply more than 1.0 qt/A (1.0 lb ai/A).
An enclosed cab is required.
Cyanazine Availability
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Controls most troublesome broadleaf weeds when mixed with MSMA
Cotton tolerance acceptable if applied timely and precisely
Residual weed control for several weeks
Cyanazine (Bladex, Cy-Pro)
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Other mid-season post-directed herbicide options: 1) Dual
2) Prowl
3) MSMA or DSMA
4) Cobra
5) Harvade
6) Goal
7) fluometuron (Cotoran, Meturon)
8) prometryn (Caparol, Cotton-Pro)
9) diuron (Karmex, Direx)
Replace Cyanazine?
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Smallflower Morningglory Control by Conventional Layby Herbicides. Turner Co., 2000.*
0
20
40
60
80
100
MSMA +Bladex +Caparol + Cobra +Cotoran +Direx +Harvade +Linex +Valor
% c
ontr
ol
64
8190
64
97 99
78
LSD = 13
9176
*Morningglory 6 to 8 inches. Ratings taken 30 days after directing in 8 to 10 inch cotton. Bladex, Caparol, Cotoran, and Direx applied at 2 pt/A. Cobra, Harvade, Linex, MSMA, and Valor applied at 9.6 oz/A, 9 oz/A, 1.5 pt/A, 2.67 pt/A, and 2 oz/A, respectively.
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Tropic Croton Control by Conventional Layby Herbicides. Turner Co., 2000.*
0
20
40
60
80
100
MSMA +Bladex +Caparol + Cobra +Cotoran +Direx +Harvade +Linex +Valor
% c
ontr
ol
*Croton 2 to 6 inches. Ratings taken 30 days after directing in 8 to 10 inch cotton. Bladex, Caparol, Cotoran, and Direx applied at 2 pt/A. Cobra, Harvade, Linex, MSMA, and Valor applied at 9.6 oz/A, 9 oz/A, 1.5 pt/A, 2.67 pt/A, and 2 oz/A, respectively.
60
8397
55
92 99
67
LSD = 12
91
61
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0
20
40
60
80
100
3 inch 6 inch 9 inch
Caparol
Direx
% c
ontr
olSicklepod Control Comparison of Caparol
and Direx. Tifton, 2000.*
*All treatments included MSMA at 2 lb ai/A and 0.25% v/v NIS.
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0
20
40
60
80
100
3 inch 6 inch 9 inch
Caparol
Direx
% c
ontr
olSmallflower Morningglory Control Comparison
of Caparol and Direx. Tifton, 2000.*
*All treatments included MSMA at 2 lb ai/A and 0.25% v/v NIS.
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0
20
40
60
80
100
3 inch 6 inch 9 inch
Caparol
Direx
% c
ontr
olPalmer Amaranth Control Comparison of
Caparol and Direx. Tifton, 2000.*
*All treatments included MSMA at 2 lb ai/A and 0.25% v/v NIS.
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0
20
40
60
80
100
3 inch 6 inch 9 inch
Caparol
Direx
% c
ontr
olHemp Sesbania Control Comparison of Caparol
and Direx. Tifton, 2000.*
*All treatments included MSMA at 2 lb ai/A and 0.25% v/v NIS.
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Other mid-season post-directed herbicide options:
prometryn (Caparol, Cotton-Pro)
diuron (Karmex, Direx)
Weed control - most weeds? Residual weed control - most weeds? Carryover?
experiments being conducted
Replace Cyanazine?
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Breakout Session Objectives1. New labels or uses
2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate
3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton
4. Glyphosate/tank mixes
5. Replacing Bladex
6. Cadre carryover
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Cadre carryover Non-treated
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Cadre Carryover
11 cultivars compared for tolerance including Delta Pearl, DP 33 B, DP 5415, DP 458, ST 4892, STX 9903, BXN 47, FM 989, AP 6101, GA 161, SG 125.
1) no difference in plant stand
2) visual injury similar among cultivars
3) vigor reductions similar among cultivars
4) plant height reductions similar among cultivars
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Breakout Session Objectives1. New labels or uses
2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate
3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton
4. Glyphosate/tank mixes
5. Replacing Bladex
6. Cadre carryover
7. DNA application timing in strip-till
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0
20
40
60
80
100
Large Crabgrass Control by Various Application
Methods of Prowl. Rocky Mount, NC. 2000.*
% control
14 b
66 a
ACYEarly pre-plant
Before strip-tillage
79 a
After planting
*Roundup applied early pre-plant and at planting. Ratings taken 16 days after planting. EPP applied 21 d prior to planting.
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0
20
40
60
80
100
Slender Amaranth Control by Various Application
Methods of Prowl. Clayton, NC. 2000.*
% control
40 c
66 b
*Roundup applied early pre-plant and at planting. Ratings taken 28 days after planting. EPP applied 21 d prior to planting.
ACYEarly pre-plant
After planting
97 a
Before strip-tillage
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Breakout Session Objectives1. New labels or uses
2. RR cotton tolerance to glyphosate
3. Managing weeds that are difficult to control in RR cotton
4. Glyphosate/tank mixes
5. Replacing Bladex
6. Cadre carryover
7. DNA application timing in strip-till
8. Layby applications in liquid N
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0
10
20
30
40
50
Caparol Direx Harvade +COC
Cobra Valor
- N
+ N
Cotton Injury from Directed Herbicides in Water and Water/N Mixtures. Tifton, 2000.*
*All treatments included MSMA at 2 lb ai/A. N mixtures were half water and half 30% N. Ratings taken 3 wk after treatment. Cotton 8 to 10 inches at time of application.
LSD = 7
% in
jury
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Things to Come
1. Valor
2. Liberty Link Cotton
3. CGA 362-622
4. Enhanced Roundup Ready Cotton