Costs and returns project Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for...
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Transcript of Costs and returns project Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for...
![Page 1: Costs and returns project Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for selected commodities National survey for 15 commodities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/56649ed95503460f94be7325/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Costs and returns project
• Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for selected commodities
• National survey for 15 commodities annually since 1975
• Based on a rotation done every 3-8 years• Estimates between surveys are based on
updates of price, acreage and production changes
![Page 2: Costs and returns project Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for selected commodities National survey for 15 commodities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/56649ed95503460f94be7325/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
COP includes all costs
• Includes estimates of cash expenditures and noncash costs.
• Cash expenditures occur when factors of production are purchased or rented.
• Noncash costs occur when factors are owned by the operator (like land and labor)
• Costs are assigned to family labor as if the labor was hired
![Page 3: Costs and returns project Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for selected commodities National survey for 15 commodities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/56649ed95503460f94be7325/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Complete data on the commodity are collected
• Production practices
• Acreage and production
• Production costs associated with commodity
• Overhead costs (taxes, interest, insurance, utilities, and other costs not associated specifically with the commodity)
![Page 4: Costs and returns project Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for selected commodities National survey for 15 commodities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/56649ed95503460f94be7325/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of costs (more)
• Operating costs– Seed, feed (and pasture), fertilizer and
chemicals– Custom operations purchased– Other inputs such as fuel, water, utilities, vet
and medicine, bedding and litter– Repairs– Interest on operating inputs
![Page 5: Costs and returns project Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for selected commodities National survey for 15 commodities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/56649ed95503460f94be7325/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of costs (more)
• Allocated costs– Hired labor– Cost of unpaid labor– Use of machinery and equipment (capital
recovery)– Cost of land (rent or opportunity cost)– Taxes and insurance– General farm overhead
![Page 6: Costs and returns project Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for selected commodities National survey for 15 commodities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/56649ed95503460f94be7325/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Not all costs are easily obtained
• Farmers generally know the direct costs of inputs such as fertilizer or seed, or the cost of buying feed for the animals
• Some products are valued by the quantity used times an average price
• For costs like use of machinery, we use indirect costs based on engineering relationships
• For whole farm activities (like overhead) we allocate a portion of the whole cost to the commodity
![Page 7: Costs and returns project Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for selected commodities National survey for 15 commodities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/56649ed95503460f94be7325/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How returns are valued
• Gross value of crop production is calculated by multiplying yields by crop prices
• Gross value of livestock production is the cash receipts received from the sales of animals, eggs, and milk.
• We put a value on secondary products such as wheat and oat straw, cottonseed, cull animals, and manure using other survey data, state-average prices, or actual cash receipts.
![Page 8: Costs and returns project Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for selected commodities National survey for 15 commodities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/56649ed95503460f94be7325/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
These costs and returns information are used to
• Examine the factors contributing to differing levels of financial performance– Analyze trends in farm sector receipts, expenses, debt, assets,
and costs of producing crops and livestock – Degree to which costs vary for producers of different
commodities and indicate possible reasons for the variation
• Analyze structural change
• Determine how benefits from government commodity programs affect farm’s cost structure
![Page 9: Costs and returns project Congress decreed that USDA conduct cost of production (COP) studies for selected commodities National survey for 15 commodities.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/56649ed95503460f94be7325/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
COP forecasts
• Cost-of-production forecasts for major field crops are developed as a part of the USDA Baseline projections to develop projected net returns for major field crops.
• These baseline projections allow a discussion of alternative outcomes for the agricultural sector under expected or proposed future policies.
• Cost-of-production is only forecast at the national level and would differ considerably among regions, individual farmers, and by size of operation.